高一英語(yǔ)第三單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)

Unit

3

Travel

journal

1.

transport

vt.

運(yùn)輸；運(yùn)送

n.

運(yùn)輸；運(yùn)送;交通工具

public

transport

公共交通

means

of

transport

交通工具

transport

sb./

sth.

from…to…把某人/某物從……運(yùn)送到……The

goods

were

transported

from

the

factory

to

the

airport

by

air.

His

bike

is

his

only

means

of

transport.

The

goods

were

damaged

during

transport.

2.

prefer

vt.

更喜歡，選擇某事（而不選擇其他事物），寧愿

(preferred---

preferring)

1)prefer

sth/to

do

sth/

doing

sth

喜歡做某事

2)

prefer

sb

to

do

sth

寧愿某人做

3)prefer

doing

sth

to

doing

sth

與……相比，更喜歡……

4)prefer

to

do…rather

than

do…

寧愿做……不愿做……

5)prefer

that

…(should)

do…

更喜歡

preference為名詞，意為偏愛(ài)，喜好；優(yōu)先權(quán)

She

has

a

preference

for

blue.

Liu

Hulan

prefers

to

die

rather

than

give

in.

I

prefer

walking

to

riding

a

bike/cycling.

Their

father

prefers

them

to

be

home

early.

I

prefer

bananas

to

apples.

3.

disadvantage

為可數(shù)名詞，意為不利條件，不便之處

be

at

a

disadvantage

處于不利地位

put

sb.

at

a

disadvantage/

be

to

one’s

disadvantage

置某人于不利境地/使某人處于劣勢(shì)

The

fact

that

she

cannot

speak

English

put

her

at

a

disadvantage.

To

have

only

one

leg

is

a

disadvantage

to

him.

I

was

at

a

disadvantage

because

I

didn’t

speak

French.

Advantage

意為好處，優(yōu)點(diǎn)，利益

take

advantage

of利用/占……的便宜

to

one’s

advantage

對(duì)某人有利

advantages

and

disadvantages

利害得失

The

agreement

is

to

our

advantage.

A

better

education

gave

us

the

advantage

over

those

who

didn’t

receive

education.

You’d

better

advise

him

to

take

advantage

of

the

opportunity.

4.

fare

指乘坐公共汽車(chē)、輪船、出租車(chē)等的費(fèi)用；（飛機(jī)等的）票價(jià)

a

bus/taxi

fare

公共汽車(chē)/出租車(chē)費(fèi)

a

single/return/round-trip

fare

單程票/返程票/來(lái)回票價(jià)

How

much

is

the

air

fare

to

Beijing?

Children

under

4

go/travel

half-fare/travel

at

full

fare/reduced

fare/half

fare.

把某人/某物從……運(yùn)送到……fee

指給律師、醫(yī)生等專(zhuān)業(yè)人員的酬金或（參加考試的）報(bào)名費(fèi)，（加入俱樂(lè)部的或入場(chǎng)的）會(huì)費(fèi)或?qū)W費(fèi)等，常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

a

membership

fee會(huì)費(fèi)

If

you

want

to

join,

there

is

an

entrance

fee

of

$20.

charge

指給予服務(wù)后索要的費(fèi)用或貨物的費(fèi)用。

What

is

the

charge

for

a

day

at

that

hotel?

5.

ever

since

從那以后

1）since可用作介詞、連詞或副詞，其后可跟時(shí)間名詞，從句或不跟任何結(jié)構(gòu)，在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，since從句的時(shí)態(tài)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，主句常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。

Ever

since

their

marriage,

they

have

lived

happily.

2)It

is/has

been+一段時(shí)間+since+一般過(guò)去時(shí)（從句中的動(dòng)作多不延續(xù)）“自從、、、、、、至今已經(jīng)多久了”。

It

has

been

two

years

since

he

left

the

country.

他離開(kāi)這個(gè)國(guó)家有兩年的時(shí)間。

6.

persuade

vt.說(shuō)服，勸說(shuō)

1）

persuade

sb.

to

do

sth.=persuade

sb.

into

doing

sth.

說(shuō)服某人做某事

2）

persuade

sb.

not

to

do

sth.=persuade

sb.

out

of

doing

sth.

說(shuō)服某人不要做某事

3）

persuade

sb.

of

something=persuade

sb.

that從句

使某人相信某事

完成句子：

It

wasn’t

easy,

but

I

persuaded

him

to

do

the

right

thing.

I

am

almost

persuaded

of

his

honesty.

She

was

persuaded

into

buying

an

expensive

dress.

persuade與advise

persuade強(qiáng)調(diào)說(shuō)服、勸說(shuō)的結(jié)果。

advise建議。相當(dāng)于try

to

persuade,只表達(dá)勸說(shuō)的動(dòng)作，不表示結(jié)果如何。

At

last

I

persuaded

my

brother

to

take

my

advice.

We

advised

him

to

give

up

smoking,

but

he

wouldn’t

listen.

7.

graduate

vi.

畢業(yè)；n.

大學(xué)畢業(yè)生

graduate

from

畢業(yè)于……學(xué)校

graduate

in

畢業(yè)于……專(zhuān)業(yè)

graduation為名詞，意為畢業(yè)，畢業(yè)典禮

Mary

_graduated_from

_high_school__(從高中畢業(yè))

two

yeas

ago.

His

brother

is

_a_Harvard_graduate/

a

graduate

of

Harvard_(哈佛大學(xué)畢業(yè)生).

She

managed

to

find

a

job

immediately

_after

graduation

_(在畢業(yè)之后).

He

_graduated

in

history_(畢業(yè)于歷史專(zhuān)業(yè)).

8.

schedule

名詞，意為時(shí)間表，進(jìn)度表；動(dòng)詞，意為為某事安排時(shí)間

ahead

of/behind/on

schedule

提前/未按期/定期

be

scheduled

to

do

something

定于……（時(shí)間）做某事/安排/預(yù)計(jì)做某事

be

scheduled

for

為某事安排時(shí)間，定在某一天進(jìn)行。

The

president

has

got

a

very

full/tight

schedule

today.9.

be

fond

of

喜愛(ài)，喜歡

I

am

fond

of

skating

in

winter.

10.

care

about

關(guān)心；憂(yōu)慮；惦念

care

for

照顧；照料；喜歡；愿意

take

care

of

(=look

after)

照料

with

care

小心地

11.

mind

n.

意見(jiàn)，想法，理智

Try

to

get

her

to

change

her

mind

about

coming

with

us.

設(shè)法讓她改變主意,不要和我們一塊兒去。

I

wish

you’d

make

up

your

mind

whether

you

are

coming

or

not.

我希望你決定，最后來(lái)不來(lái)。

Yon

can

do

it

if

you

put

your

mind

to

it.

如果你全神貫注的話(huà)，你能做到的。

change

one’s

mind

改變主意

make

up

one’s

mind

to

do

sth.

下決心做……

speak

one’s

mind

直言不諱

take

one’s/

sb.’s

mind

off

sth.

轉(zhuǎn)移自己/某人的注意力

lose

one’s

mind

發(fā)瘋

have/

keep

one’s

mind

on

專(zhuān)心于某事

out

of

sight,

out

of

mind

眼不見(jiàn)，心不煩

read

one’s

mind

看出某人的心思

bring/call

something

to

(one’s)

mind

想起/

回憶起某事

keep

something

in

mind記住某事,

把某事記在心里

come

to/

into

one’s

mind浮現(xiàn)在某人的腦海中，想起12.

give

in

投降，屈服，讓步；提交，遞交

The

young

parents

gave

in

and

bought

the

boy

for

their

child.

He

never

gave

in

in

face

of

difficulty.

He

gave

in

to

his

wife

at

last.

Give

your

exam

papers

in

to

the

teacher

when

you

have

finished.

(hand

in/

turn

in)

give

in

to

向??屈服，讓步

give

away

贈(zèng)送，頒發(fā)，泄露

give

up

放棄

give

back

歸還

give

off

發(fā)出（光、熱、氣味、聲音等）

give

out

耗盡，用盡；發(fā)布，宣布；筋疲力盡；分發(fā)

13.

pace

作為名詞，意為一步，步調(diào)；步伐，節(jié)奏

Please

walk/

take

ten

paces

forward.

The

pace

of

modern

life

is

becoming

faster

and

faster.

作為動(dòng)詞，意為踱步，緩慢而行

My

sister

is

pacing

up

and

down

inside

the

room.

keep

pace

with

與??并駕齊驅(qū)，與??齊頭并進(jìn)，跟上??的步伐

at

a

walking

pace

以步行的速度

at

a

good

pace

相當(dāng)快地

speed

up/quicken

the

pace

加快步伐

As

it

was

getting

dark,

we

sped

up/quickened

the

pace.

14.

bend

作為名詞，意為彎，拐角

There

is

a

sharp

bend

in

the

road/river.

作為及物動(dòng)詞，意為使彎曲；作為不及物動(dòng)詞，意為彎身，彎腰。(

bent,

bent)

Bend

the

end

of

the

wire

down.

bend

to

something

向??屈服

bend

one’s

mind

to

something

專(zhuān)心致志的從事某事

We

will

not

bend

to

the

will

of

anyone.

He

couldn’t

bend

his

mind

to

his

studies.

15.

It

was

my

sister

who

first

had

the

idea

to

cycle

along

the

entire

Mekong

River

from

where

it

begins

to

where

it

ends.

首先想到要沿湄公河從源頭到終點(diǎn)騎車(chē)旅游的是我姐姐。

1)

這是一個(gè)的強(qiáng)調(diào)句式（It

is/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分+that/who+其他成分），意為“就是、、、、，是、、、、”，此結(jié)構(gòu)僅限于強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)。強(qiáng)調(diào)人稱(chēng)主語(yǔ)要用who或that,強(qiáng)調(diào)人稱(chēng)賓語(yǔ)用whom或that,強(qiáng)調(diào)物用that.

句型轉(zhuǎn)換

The

letter

you

got

yesterday

makes

you

so

sad.

(強(qiáng)調(diào)畫(huà)線(xiàn)部分)

It

was

the

letter

that

you

got

yesterday

makes

you

so

sad.

The

football

match

had

to

be

put

off

because

of

bad

weather(強(qiáng)調(diào)畫(huà)線(xiàn)部分)It

was

because

of

bad

weather

that

the

football

match

had

to

be

put

off.

2)

介詞短語(yǔ)from…to…意為“從、、、、、、到、、、、、、”，在句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。介詞from和to后面都跟了一個(gè)由where引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。

16.

Although

she

didn’t

know

the

best

way

of

getting

to

places,

she

insisted

that

she

organize

the

trip

properly.

雖然她對(duì)去某些地方的最佳路線(xiàn)并不清楚，她卻堅(jiān)持要自己把這次旅行安排得盡善盡美。

insist

堅(jiān)持，堅(jiān)決主張

insist

on/upon

(doing)

sth

堅(jiān)決要求

insist

on/upon

one’s

doing

堅(jiān)持要某人做

insist

that

1)堅(jiān)持要求/應(yīng)該，堅(jiān)決主張，后跟賓語(yǔ)從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣

that

somebody

(should)

do

something

2）堅(jiān)持說(shuō)，堅(jiān)持（意見(jiàn)、看法），后跟從句用真實(shí)語(yǔ)氣

He

insisted

that

he

was

right.

He

insisted

that

he

should

do

the

job.

He

insisted

that

he____

nothing

wrong

and__c___

free.

A.

should

do;

set

B.

had

done;

set

C.

had

done;

be

set

D.

did;

was

set

17.

She

gave

me

a

determined

look------

the

kind

that

said

she

would

not

change

her

mind.

她給了我一個(gè)堅(jiān)定的眼神——這眼神表明她不會(huì)改變主意。

determined

為形容詞，意為堅(jiān)定的，堅(jiān)決的，果斷的，有決心的

a

determined

look

堅(jiān)定的眼神

be

determined

to

do

sth.

下定決心做某事

She

was

determined

to

go

to

university.

determine

動(dòng)詞

determine

to

do

sth.

下定決心做某事

determine

on/upon

sth.

決定某事

18.

at

an

altitude

of=

at

a

height

of

意為“在海拔……米處”。The

plane

is

flying

at

a

height/

at

an

altitude

of

10,000

feet.

at此處表“在……處/時(shí)，以……”,后接年齡、速度、長(zhǎng)、寬、深、高、價(jià)格、費(fèi)用等。

常見(jiàn)的短語(yǔ)有：

at

the

age/price

of…

at

a

speed/length/depth/width/distance

of…

19.

The

air

would

be

hard

to

breathe.

此句型為“主語(yǔ)+be+adj+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)，其中不定式和主語(yǔ)之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，不定式以主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義，若是不及物動(dòng)詞要加相應(yīng)的介詞。這樣的句式限于以下形容詞

hard,

difficult,

easy,

comfortable,

fit,

unfit.

English

is

difficult

to

learn

well

in

a

short

time.

The

building

is

nice

to

look

at.

I

hear

your

new

boss

is

not

easy___a__,

so

you

will

have

to

be

more

careful.

A.

to

get

along

with

B.

get

along

C.

to

be

got

along

with

D.

to

be

got

along

20.

Once

she

has

made

up

her

mind,

nothing

can

change

it.

句中once作連詞，意為“一旦……就，一經(jīng)……便,一……就……(=

as

soon

as)”

Once

you

begin,

you

must

continue.

Once

he

arrives

we

can

start.

21.

It

becomes

rapids

as

it

passes

through

deep

valleys,

travelling

across

western

Yunnan

Province.

當(dāng)河水穿過(guò)深谷，流經(jīng)云南西部時(shí)變成了急流。

as

在該句中用作連詞，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“當(dāng)??的時(shí)候”。

travelling

across

western

Yunnan

Province

為現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)，伴隨主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作發(fā)生。現(xiàn)在分詞（短語(yǔ)）作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，表示主動(dòng)關(guān)系，其邏輯主語(yǔ)就是句子的主語(yǔ)。

Walking

along

the

street,

I

met

one

of

my

old

friends.

Learning

about

Language

1.

fall

off

從??跌落；數(shù)量減少

My

glasses

fell

off

the

desk

and

broke.

fall

behind

落后；落在后面

2.

A

determined

person

always

tries

to

finish

the

job,

no

matter

how

hard

it

is.

不管困難有多大，一個(gè)有決心的人總是設(shè)法完成工作。

no

matter

how

hard

it

is

為讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，no

matter是連詞，意為“不管；無(wú)論”，它需要和what/who/when/where等特殊疑問(wèn)詞一起引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。

注意：當(dāng)whoever,

whichever,

whatever引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)，它們不能換成no

matter

who/which/what等。

Using

Language

1.

reliable

adj.

可信賴(lài)的；可靠的

Is

your

watch

reliable?

rely

vi.

信任；信賴(lài)

rely

on

依靠；依賴(lài)

reliability

n.

可靠，可靠性

2.

put

up

搭起，建造；舉起，抬起；掛起，張貼；給某人提供食宿

Put

up

your

hand

if

you

have

any

questions.

We

can

put

you

up

for

the

night.

put

up

a

building/tent

put

up

a

notice/

a

poster

put

away

把??收起來(lái)，收拾

put

out

生產(chǎn)，熄滅

put

down放下，寫(xiě)下，記下

put

on

穿上，增加

put

off延期

put

back

放回原處

put

one’s

heart

into

全神貫注

3.

view

作為可數(shù)名詞，意為風(fēng)景，景色；觀(guān)點(diǎn)，看法；作為不可數(shù)名詞，意為視野。

There

is

a

view

of

the

river

from

my

window.

What

is

your

view

on

school

punishments?

The

Monument

to

the

People’s

Heroes

came

i