情態(tài)動詞+have-done的用法

“情態(tài)動詞+havedone”的用法

毓思澤。2010、1、18

一、“must+have+done”

表示對過去事情的肯定推測，譯成“一定做過某事”，該結(jié)構(gòu)只用于肯定句。1.Itmusthaverainedlastnight,forthegroundiswet.昨晚一定下雨了，因?yàn)榈孛孢€是濕的。

2.Youmusthavebeenmadtospeaktotheservant.你和仆人說話，一定是發(fā)瘋了。二、“can't+have+done”表示對過去事情的否定推測，譯成“不可能做過某事”。1.Mr.Smithcan‘thavegonetoBeijing,forIsawhiminthelibraryjustnow.史密斯先生不可能去北京了，我剛才還在圖書館見過他。2.Marycan'thavestolenyourmoney.Shehasgonehome.瑪麗不可能偷你的錢，她回家去了。三、“cansbhave+done…?”表示對過去行為的懷疑，用于疑問句，譯成“可能做過……嗎？”。1.Thereisnolightintheroom.Cantheyhavegoneout?屋里沒有燈，他們可能出去了嗎？2.Thereisnowheretofindthem.Wherecantheyhavegone?到處找不到他們，他們可能到什么地方去呢？四、“could+have+done”是虛擬語氣，表示對過去事情的假設(shè)，意思是本來能夠做某事而沒有做。

Hecouldhavepassedtheexam,buthewastoocareless.本來他能夠通過考試，但是他太粗心。五、“may+have+done”

表示對發(fā)生過的事情的推測，意思是“可能已經(jīng)”或“也許已經(jīng)”，用于肯定句中?！猈hathashappenedtoGeorge?—Idon'tknow.Hemayhavegotlost.—喬治發(fā)生了什么事？——我不知道，他可能迷路了。

六、“might+have+done”

表示對過去事情的推測，might與may意思相同，但可能性更小。多用于虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu)中。

1.Hemighthavegivenyoumorehelp,eventhoughhewasbusy.(MET90)他或許會多給你一些幫助，即使他很忙。2.Shemighthaveachievedgreaterprogress,ifyouhadgivenhermorechances.如果你多給她點(diǎn)機(jī)會，她可能已經(jīng)取得更大的成績。七、“would+have+done”虛擬語氣，表示對過去事情的假設(shè)，意思是“本來會做”。1.Iwouldhavetoldyouallabouttheboy'sstory,butyoudidn'taskme.我本來會告訴你這個(gè)小男孩的故事，但是你沒有問我。2.Withoutyourhelp,Iwouldn'thaveachievedsomuch.沒有你的幫助，我是不會取得如此大的成績。八、“should+have+done”意思是“本來應(yīng)該做某事，而實(shí)際沒做?！薄皊houldn‘t+have+done”表示本來不應(yīng)該做某事，而實(shí)際做了。含有指責(zé)對方或自責(zé)的含意。

1.Tom,youaretoolazy.Theworkshouldhavebeenfinishedyesterday.湯姆，你太懶惰了，這項(xiàng)工作本來應(yīng)該昨天就做完的。2.Look,Tomiscrying.Ishouldn'thavebeensoharshonhim.看，湯姆哭了，我本來不應(yīng)該對他如此嚴(yán)厲。

九、“oughtto+have+done”

表示過去應(yīng)該做而實(shí)際并沒有做，譯成“理應(yīng)做……”，往往表示遺憾。與“should+have+done”用法基本一樣。

IoughttohavegonehomelastSunday.我理應(yīng)上星期日回家。Yououghtnottohavegivenhimmorehelp.你不應(yīng)該幫助他那么多。十、“need+have+done”表示本來需要做某事而沒有做?！皀eedn‘t+have+done”則表示“本來不需要做某事而做了”。Ineedn‘thaveboughtsomuchwine—onlyfivepeoplecame.我本來沒有必要買這么多酒，只來了五個(gè)人。Heneedhavehurriedtothestation.Inthatcase,hewouldn'thavemissedthetrain.他本來需要快點(diǎn)去車站，那樣的話，他就不會誤了火車。高考題1.Theweather

turned

out

to

befineyesterday.I________thetroubletocarrymyumbrellawithme.

A.shouldhavetaken

B.couldhavetaken

C.needn'thavetaken

D.mustn'thavetaken2.We________haveprovedgreatadventurers,butwehavedonethegreatestmarchevermadeinthepasttenyears.

A.needn't

B.maynot

C.shouldn't

D.mustn't3.Asyouworkedlateyesterday,you________comethismorning.

A.mayn't

B.can't

C.mustn't

D.needn'tVVV4I_______havewatchedthatmovie—it’llgivemehorribledreams.A.shouldn’tB.needn’tC.couldn’tD.mustn’t5Mark

havehurried.Afterdrivingattopspeed,hearrivedhalfanhourearly.A.needn’tB.wouldn’tC.mustn’tD.couldn’t6—

Itakethebookout?—I'mafraidnot.A.WillB.MayC.MustD.NeedVVV7—Ihaven’tgotthereferencebookyet,butI’llhaveatestonthesubjectnextmonth.—Don’tworry.You______haveitbyFriday.A.couldB.shallC.mustD.may8MayItakethisbookoutofthereadingroom?No,you

.Youreaditinhere.A.mightn’tB.won’tC.needn’tD.mustn’t9--Sorry,ProfessorSmith.Ididn'tfinishtheassignmentyesterday.---Oh,you

havedoneitasyesterdaywasthedeadline.A.mustB.mustn'tC.shouldD.shouldn'tVVV10It_____havebeenTomthatparkedthecarhere,asheistheonlyonewithacar.A.mayB.canC.mustD.should11—Hi,Tom.Any

idea

where

Jane

is?—She_____in

the

classroom.I

saw

her

there

just

now.A.shall

be

B.should

have

beenC.must

be

D.might

have

been12Hedidnotregretsayingwhathedidbutfeltthathe

itdifferently.A.couldexpress

B.wouldexpressC.couldhaveexpressed

D.musthaveexpressedVVV13She

haveleftschool，forherbikeisstillhere.A.can’t B.wouldn’t C.shouldn’t D.needn’t14Whatapity!Consideringhisabilityandexperience，he

better.

A.needhavedone B.musthavedoneC.canhavedone D.mighthavedone15—Ican’tfindmypurseanywhere.

—You

havelostitwhileshopping.

A.may B.canC.should D.wouldVVV16There’snolighton—they

beathome.

A.can’t B.mustn’t

C.needn’t D.shouldn’t17—What’sthename?

—Khulaifi.

Ispellthatforyou?

A.Shall B.Would C.Can D.Might18—CouldIhaveawordwithyou，mum?—Ohdear，ifyou

.

A.can B.must C.may D.shouldVVV19MyMP4playerisn’tinmybag.Where

Ihaveputit?

A.can B.must C.should D.would20--

thenewhousemaidcooksomesupperfor