英語選修8教師用書Module2SectionⅠReading（IntroductionReadingandVocabulary）

達·芬奇16世紀創(chuàng)作的不朽名畫《蒙娜·麗莎》中的女子一直充滿著神秘的色彩。前不久，法國一位藝術家提出了新的見解?，F(xiàn)在讓我們一起來看看是怎么回事吧！MonaLisa，themysteriouswomaninLeonardodaVinci's16thcenturymasterpiece，hadjustgivenbirthtohersecondsonwhenshesatforthepainting，aFrenchartexpertsaidonTuesday.ThediscoverywasmadebyateamofCanadianscientistswhousedspecialtechnologytopeerthroughthepaintlayersonthework，whichnowsitsintheLouvreMuseuminParis.OneoftheresearcherssaidthatonverycloseexaminationofthepaintingitbecameclearthattheMonaLisa'sdresswascoveredinathintransparentgauzeveil.“Thistypeofdresswastypicalofthekindworninearly16thcenturyItalybywomenwhowerepregnantorwhohadjustgivenbirth.Thisissomethingthathasneverbeenseenuptonowbecausethepaintingwasalwaysjudgedtobedarkanddifficulttoexamine，”hetoldanewsconference.Healsosaidthat，contrarytopopularbelief，thesubjecthadnotletherhairhangfreelybutinfactworeabonnetfromwhichonlyafewcurlsmanagedtoescape.“PeoplealwayswrotethatMonaLisahadallowedherhairtohangfreelyoverhershoulders.ThisgreatlysurprisedhistoriansbecauselettingyourhairhangfreelyduringtheRenaissancewastypicalofyounggirlsandwomenofpoorvirtue，”hesaid.TheteamhadhopedtodiscovermoredetailsaboutLeonardo'spaintingtechnique，whichtheartistusedtocreateahazyeffect.ButscientistJohnTaylorsaidtheteamhadbeenfrustratedbythelackofbrushstrokedetailonthepainting.[閱讀障礙詞]1．peer v．凝視；盯著看2．gauze n．薄紗3．veil n．面紗4．bonnet n．(帶子系于下巴的)舊式女帽5．curl n．(一綹)卷發(fā)6．hazy adj.朦朧的[誘思導讀]根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，回答下列問題1．WhendidMonaLisasitforthepaintingaccordingtothepassage?Aftershehadjustgivenbirthtohersecondson.2．WhatwasthepopularbeliefaboutthepaintingMonaLisa?MonaLisahadallowedherhairtohangfreelyoverhershoulders.SectionⅠReading(Introduction&ReadingandVocabulary)Ⅰ.匹配下列單詞的詞性及漢語意思()1.disturbing A．a(chǎn)dv.基本上，本質(zhì)上，大致說來()2.subject B．n.作品()3.dull C．n.效果；作用()4.basically D．a(chǎn)dj.有技巧的，熟練的()5.work E．a(chǎn)dj.引起煩惱的；令人不安的()6.effect F．n.(繪畫，攝影等的)主題()7.shade G．a(chǎn)dj.枯燥的；沉悶的()8.frontier H．n.(圖畫等中的)陰影；陰暗部分()9.motivate I．n.新領域()10.skilled J．v.激發(fā)，激勵[答案]1－5EFGAB6－10CHIJDⅡ.選擇下列句中詞組的漢語意思A．第一次B．與……形成對照C．與……相比D．總之；簡言之E．醒來；喚醒F．手拉手；密切合作G．也；不僅……而且H．永遠1．Don'tletitplayonyourmind，becausemydevotionisforalltime.2．Ihavetowakeupat6amforIhavealotofthingstodo.3．Theyellowcurtainscontrastwiththebluebedcover.4．Imethimatthecinemaforthefirsttime.5．Hewenttothepartyaswellashissister.6．Inshort，finishingthejobisnotsoeasyasyoumaythink.7．Isawthemwalkinghandinhandthroughthetowntheotherday.8．paredwith/tocars，bicycleshavemanyadvantages.[答案]1－5HEBAG6－8DFCTheRenaissanceFormanypeople,theRenaissancemeans14thto16thcenturyItaly,andthedevelopmentsinartandarchitecture,musicandliteraturewhichtookplacethereatthattime①.Butthereisoneworkwhich，perhapsmorethananyother,expressesthespiritoftheRenaissance:theMonaLisa.Itisbelievedtobe②thebestexampleofanewlifelikestyleofpaintingthatamazedpeoplewhenitwasfirstused.PaintedbyLeonardodaVinciintheyears1503－1506③，theMonaLisaisamysteriousmasterpiece.PeoplewanttoknowwhoMonaLisais,andwhysheissmiling④.EvenifpeopledonotknowmuchabouttheRenaissance⑤，theyhaveheardofthispainting.文藝復興對于很多人來說，文藝復興指的是14－16世紀時期的意大利，及其當時在藝術、建筑、音樂以及文學領域的發(fā)展。但有一件作品可能比其他的任何作品都更能表達文藝復興的精神——《蒙娜·麗莎》。它被認為是一種新的形象逼真型繪畫風格的最好代表，這種繪畫風格一經(jīng)使用就使人們驚嘆不已?！睹赡取惿酚扇R奧納多·達·芬奇于1503到1506年期間繪制而成，是一件神秘的杰作。人們想知道蒙娜·麗莎是誰，她又為什么在微笑。即使是對文藝復興了解不多的人，他們也都聽說過這幅作品。[助讀講解]①此處which引導定語從句，修飾先行詞developments。②Itisbelievedtobe...“它被認為是……”，此處的it指代theMonaLisa。③Paintedby...是過去分詞短語作狀語。④此處and連接兩個分別由who和why引導的賓語從句。⑤此處Evenif引導讓步狀語從句。ButtheRenaissanceis,ofcourse,morethanjustMonaLisa.RenaissanceisaFrenchwordwhichmeans“rebirth”⑥anditfirstappearedinEnglishinthe19thcentury.ThewordwasusedtodescribeaperiodinEuropeanhistorywhichbeganwiththearrivalofthefirstEuropeansinAmerica,anageofexploration,andthebeginningofthemodernworld.ItwasasifEuropewaswakingupafterthelongsleepoftheMiddleAges⑦.FromItaly,theideasoftheRenaissancerapidlyspreadnorthwardstoFrance,Germany，England,andtherestofEurope.當然文藝復興不僅僅是《蒙娜·麗莎》。文藝復興是一個法語單詞，意為“再生”，于19世紀首次出現(xiàn)在英語中。這個詞被用來描繪隨著首批歐洲人抵達美洲而開始的那段歐洲歷史，這是一段探險的歷史，也是現(xiàn)代世界史的開端。仿佛歐洲在經(jīng)歷了中世紀的長眠之后，就要蘇醒過來了。從意大利開始，文藝復興的精神很快向北傳遍了法國、德國、英國以及歐洲的其他國家。[助讀講解]⑥此處which引導定語從句，修飾先行詞aFrenchword。⑦此處asif引導表語從句。TradewithotherpartsoftheworldmeantthatEuropewasgettingricher,too.Thismeantthatpeoplehadmoneytospendonthearts⑧；anditbecameeasierforartiststofindpeoplewhocouldaffordtobuytheirworksoremploythem⑨.LeonardoworkedforimportantpeoplesuchastheDukeofMilan,and,towardstheendofhislife,theKingofFrance.與世界其他地方的貿(mào)易意味著歐洲也在變得更加富裕。也就是說人們有錢來花費在藝術上，對于藝術家來說想要找到人來購買他們的作品或者雇用他們也更容易。萊奧納多為一些重要的人物工作過，比如米蘭公爵，在晚年他也曾經(jīng)為法國國王工作過。[助讀講解]⑧此處不定式短語作后置定語，修飾money。⑨此處it為形式主語，真正的主語是不定式短語，其中包含一個who引導的定語從句，修飾people。RenaissanceartistsfoundnewideasfortheirworkinclassicalGreeceandRome.Buttheylookedforward,too,byopeningnewfrontiersinthearts.Paintersdiscoveredhowtouseperspective(透視效果)andtheeffectsoflight;posersputdifferentvoicestogetherandcreatedpolyphony(復調(diào)音樂)(“manyvoices”);architectspreferreddesigningbuildingswithmorelightwhichcontrastedwiththeheavinessoftheGothiccathedrals(大教堂)oftheMiddleAges⑩.文藝復興的藝術家從古希臘以及古羅馬的文獻中來尋找他們作品的靈感。而他們也通過開辟新的藝術領域來展望未來。畫家們發(fā)現(xiàn)了怎樣利用透視和光的作用；作曲家們將不同的聲音合到一起創(chuàng)造了復調(diào)音樂(“許多音調(diào)”)；相比于中世紀哥特式教堂的沉重來說，建筑師們則更喜歡設計更加光亮的建筑。[助讀講解]⑩此處which引導定語從句，修飾先行詞buildings。Thesenseofexplorationwhichmotivatedtheartistswenthandinhandwithanewtypeofphilosophy.AftercenturiesofacceptingamedievalworldviewinwhichhumanlifewasconsideredoflittlevalueparedwiththegreatnessofGod?，philosophersbeganaskingquestionslike“Whatisaperson？”or“WhyamIhere？”Forthefirsttime,theyputpeople,notreligion,atthecentreoftheuniverse.這種激發(fā)藝術家的探索意識與一種新的哲學攜手共進。幾個世紀以來，哲學家們都持有中世紀的世界觀，認為與上帝的偉大相比人的生命很渺小?，F(xiàn)在他們開始提出諸如“人為何物？”以及“我為何存在？”這樣的問題。有史以來第一次，他們將人而不是宗教放在了整個宇宙的中心。[助讀講解]?此處inwhich引導定語從句，修飾view。TheRenaissancewasatimeofscientificinvention,too.Leonardo,aswellasbeingoneofthegreatestpainterstheworldhaseverknown?，wasalsoaskilledinventor.Whereverhewent?，hecarriedanotebookaroundwithhim,inwhichhewrotedownhisideas?.Theyincludeddetaileddrawingsofthehumanbody,plansforengineerstobuildcanalsandbridges,andastonishingdrawingsofmachineswhichwerenottobebuiltuntilhundredsofyearslater?，suchasaeroplanes,parachutes(降落傘),submarines(潛艇)andtanks(坦克)．TowardstheendofhislifehewasemployedbytheKingofFrancetodoscientificresearch,andhedidnothavealotoftimeforpainting.文藝復興也是一個科學發(fā)明層出不窮的時代。作為舉世公認的最偉大的畫家之一，萊奧納多同時也是一個出色的發(fā)明家。不管走到哪里他都隨身攜帶一個筆記本，以便隨時記錄下自己的想法。它們(這些想法)包括細致的人體素描、供工程師建造運河和橋梁的設計以及一些令人震驚的直到數(shù)百年之后才被造出來的機器制圖，例如飛機、降落傘、潛艇和坦克。在晚年，萊奧納多受法國國王委托去做一些科學研究，所以很少有時間從事繪畫創(chuàng)作。[助讀講解]?此處為省略關系代詞that的定語從句，修飾thegreatestpainters。?此處wherever引導讓步狀語從句，相當于nomatterwhere。?此處inwhich引導定語從句，修飾先行詞notebook。?此處which引導定語從句，修飾先行詞machines。Inshort,Leonardowasanextraordinarygenius,anexampleofwhathasbeendescribedas“Renaissanceman”?：someoneinterestedineverythingandwithmanydifferenttalents?.ButevenifhisonlycontributiontohistoryhadbeentheMonaLisa?，itwouldhavebeengeniusenoughforalltime.簡言之，萊奧納多·達·芬奇是一個非凡的天才，一個被描繪成“文藝復興人”的典范：一個對凡事皆有興趣并有諸多才能的人。但即使他對歷史的貢獻僅僅是一幅《蒙娜·麗莎》，這也已經(jīng)是恒久的天才作品。[助讀講解]?此處what引導賓語從句，并在從句中作主語。?此處形容詞性短語和介詞短語都作someone的定語。?此處evenif“即使”，引導讓步狀語從句。第一步速讀——了解文章主題和段落大意速讀P16－17教材課文，匹配段落大意1．Para.1 A．Theimplicationofthe Renaissance.2．Para.2 B．Trade—onefactorofthe Renaissance.3．Para.3 C．Achangeinideasaboutreligion.4．Para.4 D．TheintroductionoftheMonaLisa.5．Para.5 E．SomethingLeonardodidasa skilledinventor.6．Para.6 F．Leonardo'sinfluenceonhistory.7．Para.7 G．Thenewideasonpainting，music andarchitecture.[答案]1－5DABGC6－7EF第二步細讀——把控文章關鍵信息細讀P16－17教材課文，選擇最佳答案1．WhywastheRenaissancegiventhisname?A．Becauseofthedevelopmentsinart，musicandliterature，etc.B．Becauseithastheconceptof“rebirth”．C．BecauseofMonaLisa.D．BecauseEuropewasgettingricher.2．What'sthegeneralideaofthepassage?A．Thesenseofexploration.B．Atimeofscientificinvention.C．ThemeaningofRenaissance，therepresentativefigureandworks.D．TheMonaLisaandLeonardodaVinci.3．HowmanyyearsdidLeonardodaVincispendpaintingtheMonaLisa?A．10years. B．5years.C．2years. D．3years.4．Howdidphilosophychangeatthattime?A．Religionwasputatthecentreoftheuniverse.B．Art，architecture，musicandliteraturewereputatthecentreoftheuniverse.C．Peoplewereputatthecentreoftheuniverse.D．Godwasputatthece