閱讀理解（說明文）-新高考八省名校聯(lián)考試題匯編

專題02閱讀理解（說明文）

-2023年新高考八省最新名校聯(lián)考試題匯編

（解析版）

1.【廣東省六校2023年高三聯(lián)考】

C

FeWsickpeopleconsiderthequalityofthefoodwhenchoosingahospital.EveninAmerica,acountrywhere

privatehospitalshavelongprovidedindividualroomswithsuchcomfortsaspersonalcabletelevision,patientsare

oftenstillfedinstitutionalfood.??Mysterymeaf,andprocessed-cheeseslicesarecommon;everythinggetscooked

inamicrowave.

Morehospitalsarestartingtofeedtheirpatientsbetterfood.Intermountain,anon-profitgroupbasedinUtah

thatruns32hospitalsacrosstheMountainWest,hassince2019servedfreshlymademealstopatients.Chefsin

properkitchensnowsourcelocalingredientstoserveincafeterias.Doctorsareconsultedtomeetpatients,dietary

needs.ChristopherDelissio,theheadchefatIntermountain,describescreatingamealforaMexicanchildwho

wasbeingtreatedforCanCe匚”Hewouldnoteat,“MrDelissiorecalls,andthatwasmakingitharderforhimto

recoverfromchemotherapy."Iwasabletogouponthefloorandspeaktothisboy,sparentsandhimandkindof

figureoutwhathewanted,,,hesays.

Thelinkbetweeneatingwellandgoodhealthhaslongbeenclear,saysDavidEisenberg,anutrition

specialistattheHarvardSchoolofPublicHealth.Heartdisease,whichhasadirectconnectiontodiet,is

America,sbiggestkiller.Roughlytwo-fifthsOfAmericanadultsareclinicallyobese,andover14%sufferfrom

diabetes.Therightfoodcanhelppatientsavoidgoingbacktohospital.Yetdoctorsthemselveshaveoftenbeen

slowtorecognisetheneedtoencouragehealthyeating,saysDrEisenberg.Mosthealthcareremainscurative,

ratherthanpreventive.

AdecadeagoHenryFordHospitalinWestBloomfieldopenedateachingkitchenwherestaffcouldhelp

patientsplanaffordable,healthymealsandlearnhowtocookthem.Theideaisnowspreadingwidely.InOctober

aconferenceforhealthandfoodprofessionalsinLosAngeleswillencouragetheadoptionofsuchkitchens.

ParticipantswilltouranewonethathasjustopenedatUCLA,shospital.

8?Accordingtothepassage,patientshadbetter.

A.selectaprivatehospital

B.getanindividualroom

C.beservedhealthyfood

D.beofferedamusementcomforts

9.WhatdoesIntermountaindo?

A.Theypreparefreshfood.

B.Theyconsultpatientsfordiets.

C.Theyencouragepatientstoeatinstitutionalfood.

D.Theyrequireparentstocreatemealsfortheirsickkid.

10.Whatisimpliedinthelastparagraph?

A.Doctorsshouldknowhowtocook.

B.Hospitalkitchensarefarfromenough.

C.Professionalsareencouragedtoopenkitchens.

D.Patientsshouldbeinstructedonhealthyeating.

11.Whatmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.HospitalDoctors:theBestQuality

B.HospitalKitchen:theBestChoice

C.HospitalFood:theBestMedicine

D.HospitalChefs:theBestProfessionals

【答案】8.C????9.A????10.D????ll.C

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。主要說明了許多醫(yī)院意識到新鮮食物有助于病人身體恢復(fù)，并采取了積極的措

施。

8.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段第一句"Thelinkbetweeneatingwellandgoodhealthhaslongbeenclear,says

DavidEisenberg,anutritionspecialistattheHarvardSchoolofPublicHeaIth."（哈佛大學(xué)公共衛(wèi)生學(xué)院的營養(yǎng)

專家DaVidEisenberg說，吃得好和健康之間的聯(lián)系一直是顯而易見的。）及第三句"Therightfoodcanhelp

PatientSaVe）idgoingbacktohospital."（選擇合適的食物能使病人免于再次去醫(yī)院。）可知，吃的好可以更

健康，病人吃的好，有助于恢復(fù)健康。故選C項(xiàng)。

9.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二句44Intermountain,anon-profitgroupbasedinUtahthatruns32hospitals

acrosstheMountainWest,hassince2019servedfreshlymademealstopatients.^^（Intermountain,是猶他州一個

非營利性機(jī)構(gòu)，在西部山區(qū)經(jīng)營32家醫(yī)院，從2019年開始，向病人提供新鮮飯菜。）可知，該組織給病

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人提供新鮮的食物。故選A項(xiàng)。

10.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段第一句"AdecadeagoHenryFordHospitalinWestBloomfield,outsideDetroit,

openedateachingkitchenwherestaffcouldhelppatientsplanaffordable,healthymealsandIeamhowtocook

them.Theideaisnowspreading\videly.^^（卜年前,WeSlBIoOmfieId的HenryFordHOSPilaI開設(shè)了一個教學(xué)

廚房，在那里員工幫助病人規(guī)劃實(shí)惠的健康餐，并學(xué)習(xí)如何制作。）可知，病人應(yīng)該接受健康飲食的指導(dǎo)。

故選D項(xiàng)。

11.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段第一句??Morehospitalsarestartingtofeedtheirpatientsbetterfood.,,

院開始給病人提供更好的食物。）并結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，文章主要說明了健康新鮮的食物有助于病人的恢

復(fù)。因此推斷C項(xiàng)“醫(yī)院里的食物：最好的藥物”為最佳標(biāo)題。故選C項(xiàng)。

D

Ifyou,veeveremergedfromtheshowerorreturnedfromwalkingyourdogwithacleverideaorasolution

toaproblemyou,dbeenstrugglingwith,itmaynotbeanunusualthing.

Ratherthanconstantlywearingyourselfoutataproblemordesperatelyseekingaflashofinspiration,

researchfromthelast15yearssuggeststhatpeoplemaybemorelikelytohavecreativebreakthroughsorinsights

whenthey,redoingahabitualtaskthatdoesn,trequiremuchthought——anactivityinwhichyou,rebasicallyon

autopilot.Thisletsyourmindwanderorengageinspontaneouscognitionorɑstreamofconsciousness^^thinking,

whichexpertsbelievehelpsrecollectunusualmemoriesandgeneratenewideas.

tTeoplealwaysgetsurprisedwhentheyrealizetheygetinteresting,novelideasatunexpectedtimesbecause

ourculturalnarrativetellsusweshoulddoitthroughhardwork,“saysKalinaChristofT,acognitiveneuroscientist

attheUniversityofBritishColumbiainVancouver.t?It,saprettyuniversalhumanexperience.”

Nowwe,rebeginningtounderstandwhythesecleverthoughtsoccurduringmorepassiveactivitiesand

what,shappeninginthebrain,saysChristoff.Thekey,accordingtothelatestresearch,isapatternofbrain

activity—withinwhafscalledthedefaultmodenetwork—thatoccurswhileanindividualisrestingor

performinghabitualtasksthatdon,trequiremuchattention.

Researchershaveshownthatthedefaultmodenetwork（DMN）一whichconnectsmorethanadozenregions

ofthebrain—becomesmoreactiveduringmind-wanderingorpassivetasksthanwhenyou,redoingsomething

thatdemandsfocus.Simplyput,theDMNis??thestatethebrainreturnstowhenyou,renotactivelyengaged,,,

explainsRogerBeaty,acognitiveneuroscientistanddirectoroftheCognitiveNeuroscienceofCreativityLabat

PennStateUniversity.Bycontrast,whenyou,retrappedinademandingtask,thebrain,sexecutivecontrol

systemskeepyourthinkingfocused,analytical,andlogical.

Acautionarynote:Whilethedefaultmodenetworkplaysakeyroleinthecreativeprocess,??it,snottheonly

importantnetwork,,,Beatysays.44Othernetworkscomeintoplayasfarasmodifying,rejecting,orimplementing

ideas."Soit,sunwisetoplaceblindfaithinideasthataregeneratedintheshowerorduringanyotherperiodof

mindwandering.

12.Whendopeopleexpecttogetaninnovativeideaaccordingtotheresearch?

A.Whendoingroutinework.

B.Whenworkingattentively.

C.Whentacklingtoughproblems.

D.Whendesperatelyseekinginspirations.

13.Whatistheculturalperceptionforgettingexciting,unusualideas?

A.Gettingbygoodluck.

B.Gettingbygreatefforts.

C.Gettingbyunexpectedaccident.

D.Gettingbyuniversalexperience.

14.Whoismostlikelytogetanovelidea?

A.Astudentwhoisplayingfootball.

B.Astudentwhoisfocusingonpapers.

C.Astudentwhoiscloselymonitoringhisresearch.

D.Astudentwhoisfullyengagedinmathquestions.

15.Whatdoesthelastparagraphimply?

A.Wecangetnovelideasbythedefaultmodenetwork.

B.weshouldtaketheideapoppedintheshowerseriously.

C.Believeinideasthataregeneratedbythedefaultmodenetwork.

D.Thinktwicebeforeputtingideasplayfullycrossingyourmindintopractice.

【答案】12.A????13.B????14.A????15.D

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。研究表明人們在做一項(xiàng)不需要太多思考的習(xí)慣性任務(wù)時可能更有可能獲得

創(chuàng)造性突破或洞察力。

12.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Ratherthanconstantlywearingyourselfoutataproblemordesperatelyseekinga

flashofinspiration,researchfromthelast15yearssuggeststhatpeoplemaybemorelikelytohavecreative

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breakthroughsorinsightswhenthey,redoingahabitualtaskthatdoesn,trequiremuchthought—anactivityin

WhiChyOIrrebaSiCalIyOnaUtOPilOL（過去15年的研究表明，當(dāng)人們在做一項(xiàng)不需要太多思考的習(xí)慣性任務(wù)時

（基本上.處于自動駕駛狀態(tài)），而不是不斷地在一個問題匕讓自己筋疲力盡或拼命尋找靈感閃現(xiàn)時，他們

可能更有可能獲得創(chuàng)造性突破或洞察力）”可知，根據(jù)研究，人們預(yù)期會在日常工作的時候能得到一個創(chuàng)新

的想法。故選A。

13.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“"Peoplealwaysgetsurprisedwhentheyrealizetheygetinteresting,novelideasat

unexpectedtimesbecauseourculturalnarrativetellsusweshoulddoitthroughhardwork,“saysKalinaChristoff,

acognitiveneuroscientistattheUniversityofBritishColumbiainVanCoUVer.（“當(dāng)人們意識到他們在意想不到

的時候得到了有趣、新穎的想法時，他們總是感到驚訝，因?yàn)槲覀兊奈幕瘮⑹赂嬖V我們，我們應(yīng)該通過努

力工作來實(shí)現(xiàn)它，”溫哥華不列顛哥倫比亞大學(xué)的認(rèn)知神經(jīng)科學(xué)家KaIinaChriStOff說）”可知，獲得令人興

奮的、不尋常的想法的文化觀念是努力獲得。故選B。

14.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Nowwe,rebeginningtounderstandwhythesecleverthoughtsoccurduringmore

passiveactivitiesandwhat,shappeninginthebrain,saysChristoff.Thekey,accordingtothelatestresearch,isa

patternofbrainactivity——withinwhat,scalledthedefaultmodenetwork——thatoccurswhileanindividualis

restingorperforminghabitualtasksthatdon'trequiremuchattention.（克里斯托夫說,現(xiàn)在我們開始理解為什么

這些聰明的想法會在更被動的活動中出現(xiàn)，以及大腦中發(fā)生了什么。根據(jù)最新的研究，關(guān)鍵在于大腦活動

的一種模式，即所謂的默認(rèn)模式網(wǎng)絡(luò)，它發(fā)生在一個人休息或執(zhí)行不需要太多注意力的習(xí)慣性任務(wù)時）”和

倒數(shù)第二段“Researchershaveshownthatthedefaultmodenetwork（DMN）一whichconnectsmorethana

dozenregionsofthebrain—becomesmoreactiveduringmind-wanderingorpassivetasksthanwhenyou,re

doingsomethingthatdemandsfocus.（研究人員已經(jīng)證明，連接大腦卜多個區(qū)域的默認(rèn)模式網(wǎng)絡(luò)（DMN）在走神

或做被動任務(wù)時比你在做需要集中注意力的事情時更活躍）“可推知，一個正在踢足球的學(xué)生最有可能得到

一個新奇的想法。故選A。

15.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Acautionarynote:Whilethedefaultmodenetworkplaysakeyroleinthe

creativeprocess,44it,snottheonlyimportantnetwork,,,Beatysays.iiOthernetworkscomeintoplayasfaras

modifying,rejecting,orimplementingideas.”Soit,sunwisetoplaceblindf?ithinideasthataregeneratedinthe

showerorduringanyotherperiodofmindWandering.（注意事項(xiàng)：雖然默認(rèn)模式網(wǎng)絡(luò)在創(chuàng)作過程l4j發(fā)揮著關(guān)鍵

作用，但“它并不是唯一重要的網(wǎng)絡(luò)，”Beat說?！捌渌W(wǎng)絡(luò)也會在修改、拒絕或?qū)嵤┫敕ǚ矫姘l(fā)揮作用。”

因此，盲目相信洗澡時或其他走神時產(chǎn)生的想法是不明智的）”可推知，雖然默認(rèn)模式網(wǎng)絡(luò)在創(chuàng)作過程中發(fā)

揮著關(guān)鍵作用，但“它并不是唯一重要的網(wǎng)絡(luò)“，所以我們在把腦海中好玩的想法付諸實(shí)踐前要三思。故選

Do

2.12023屆福建省漳州一中質(zhì)量檢測英語試題】

ForoneweekinMay,morethan100,000peopleintheUKcarefullycountedtheirplasticwasteathomeina

nationalinvestigationintoplasticuseandrecycling.ItwascalledtheBigPlasticCount,runbyorganizations

GreenpeaceandEverydayPlastic.

Sohowdidtheygeton,andwhatdidtheydiscoverabouttheirdependencyonamaterialthathasbecomea

partofoureverydaylives?

Jules,41,andherfamilythrewaway124piecesofplasticduringtheirweekofcounting.Thepackagingin

partybagsandstickerpacksforherdaughter,ssixthbirthdaywasthemostupsetting,shesays.Shehadthought

herhouseholdwasquitelowplasticandsowas“shocked"byhowmuchtheyused.uIt,sthehiddenstuffthatisn,t

recyclable-likepizzawrappers-thatgetsyouJJulesexplains.

“EverysinglesheetforthestickersinthepartybagscameindividuallywrappedinitsownUnrecyclablebag,

andthentheywerepackedtogetherinabiggerbag,"shesays.

HerchildrenarepassionateaboutprotectingtheenvironmentbutJulessaysshefindsitveryhardasa

consumertomaketherightchoices.

“Wecanonlydosomuch.It,sinthemanufacturer'shands.Thewholethingissuchajuggle（雜耍）.“Taylor,

a25-year-oldscheduler,saysofthe70piecesofplastichecounted,itwasthecucumberpackagingthatupsethim

themost.Hehasfamilywholiveabroadwherehesaysit,seasytobuyfruitsandvegetableswithoutanyplastic.

He,dalsoliketoseemorelocalproduceinshopsdirectfromfarmers,whichwouldreducetheneedforexcessive

packagingusedtotransportgoodslongdistances.

'TgetprogressivelymoreupsetwiththefactthatSupennarketssellsomuchplastic,,,hesays.Evenifhe

couldfindplastic-freealternatives,hesaysthecostisexorbitant.??Thepriceofeverythingisgoingup,butthings

thatarebetterfortheenvironmentaremuchmoreexpensive,,,hesays.

8.WhatwasJules,reactiontotheplasticpackaginginherhouse?

A.NervousB.AnnoyedC.Desperate.D.Tolerant.

9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"exorbitant“inthelastparagraphmean?

A.RexibleB.Reasonable.C.LowD.Sky-high.

10.Whatcanweinferfromtheexamplesinthetext?

A.Consumerscan,tcontroltheplasticpackaging.

B?Almosteveryfamilyhasmanyplasticproducts.

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C.Taylor,sparentsdon,tlikecucumberpackaging.

D.Jules,childrenliketocollectplasticwaste.

11.Inwhichsectionofanewspapercanwereadthistext?

A.Health.B.Business.C.Environment.D.Entertainment.

【答案】8.B????9.D????10.A????ll.C

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了人們在日常生活中會不自覺地產(chǎn)生很多塑料垃圾，以及他們對此的

看法。

8.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Thepackaginginpartybagsandstickerpacksforherdaughter,ssixthbirthday

WaSthemOStUPSetting,shesays.”（她說，女兒六歲生口時用派對包和貼紙包裝的包裝最令人不安。）可知，

Jules認(rèn)為家庭中的塑料包裝是令人心煩的。upsetting與選項(xiàng)B同義，故選B項(xiàng)。

9.詞句猜測題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Thepriceofeverythingisgoingup,butthingsthatarebetterforthe

environmentaremuchmoreexpensive,,（所有東西的價格都在上漲，但是對環(huán)境更好的東西要貴得多）和劃

線詞所在句"Evenifhecouldfindplastic-freealternatives,hesaysthecostisexorbitant."（他說，即使他能找到

不使用塑料的替代品，成本也是exorbitant。）可知，此處指找到不使用塑料的替代品的成本更貴，劃線詞

的含義與expensive同義，選項(xiàng)D.“Sky?high”意為“非常高”，符合題意，故選D項(xiàng)。

10.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Igetprogressivelymoreupsetwiththefactthatsupermarketssellsomuch

plastic"（我對超市銷售這么多塑料制品的事實(shí)感到越來越不安）可知，生活中超市會給顧客提供太多的

塑料制品，可推知，消費(fèi)者無法控制塑料包裝。故選A項(xiàng)。

11.推理判斷題。通讀全文，結(jié)合第一段“ForoneweekinMay,morethan100,000peopleintheUKcarefully

countedtheirplasticwasteathomeinanationalinvestigationintoplasticuseandrecycling.ItwascalledtheBig

PlasticCount,runbyorganizationsGreenpeaceandEveiydayPIaStiC."（在五月的一個星期里，超過IO萬的英

國人在一項(xiàng)全國性的塑料使用和回收調(diào)查中仔細(xì)地清點(diǎn)了他們家中的塑料垃圾。它被稱為“BigPlastic

Counf,,這是由綠色和平組織和日常塑料組織管理。）和第二段“Sohowdidtheygeton,andwhatdidthey

discoverabouttheirdependencyonamaterialthathasbecomeapartofoureverydaylives?^^（那么，它們是如何

進(jìn)展的呢？他們發(fā)現(xiàn)自己對一種己經(jīng)成為我們?nèi)粘Ｉ钜徊糠值牟牧系囊蕾噯?？）引入了文章話題：在生

活中，人們對塑料制品已經(jīng)形成了依賴。進(jìn)而在下文中結(jié)合實(shí)例提到了塑料制品的使用對環(huán)境的危害，因

而文章的寫作目的應(yīng)該是和環(huán)保有關(guān)，所以文章可能出自環(huán)保板塊，故選C項(xiàng)。

3.【石家莊市二中2022?2023學(xué)年高三試題】

Althoughweallexperiencefailureinourlives,wedon,tallreacttoitinthesameway.Aninteresting

researchhasemphasizedthenotionthattherearesomepeoplewhoembracechallengesanddisappointmentsas

opportunitiestore-foeustheirthinking.Thesearepeoplewithagrowthmindset.Then,thereareotherpeoplewho

seefailureasacompletefailure.Theybelievethattheyneverhadthetalentanyway,andtheyprobablyneverwill.

Thesearepeoplewithafixedmindset

PsychologistDweckhasstudiedthesemindsetsandprovidedevidencethatmostpeopleintentionallyplace

themselvesinoneofthosetwogroups.Thegrouptowhichyouassignyourselffrequentlydetermineshowyou

reacttochallenges.Ifyouexperiencefailureandgiveup,youhaveconvenientlyassignedyourselftothefixed

group.IfyouexperiencefailureandregarditasaStePPingstone,thenyouhaveplacedyourselfintothegrowth

group.

Accordingtotheresearch,peopleinthegrowthgrouptendtogeneratemorecreativeideasthanthoseinthe

fixedgroup.Toillustrate,considerThomasEdison.Inthe19thcentury,Edisonattemptedtoimprovethelight

bulbandexperimentedwithnumerousmaterials.Overathousandtrials,hemanagedtodiscoveranelement

sustaininglight.Areporteronceaskedhim,44Itseemsasthoughyou,vetriedmanytimesandcontinuetofaileach

time.Whyisthat7,,Edisonanswered,??Ihavenotfailed.I,vejustfound10,000waysthatwon,twork.”

Instudiesofcreativepeople,psychologistsdiscoveredthatadistinguishingfeatureseparatingthemfromthe

non-creativeisthattheymakelotsofmistakesandcontinuetoworkthroughthem.Mostpeopleconsidersuccess

andfailureaspolaropposites.Inreality,theyarebothpartsofthesameprocess.

8.Whatmightpeoplewithagrowthmindsetagreewith?

A.Challengesarewelcomed.

B.Mistakescanbeavoided.

C.Successisduetogoodluck.

D.Onlytalentleadstosuccess.

9.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“asteppingStOne''inparagraph2referto?

A.Aroadtonowhere.

B.Achallengeintheway.

C?Anoutcometoexpect.

D.Achancetoadvance.

10.WhydoestheauthormentionThomasEdisoninparagraph3?

A.Tomakeaprediction.

B?Topresentafact.

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C.Tosupportaviewpoint.

D.Toclarifyaprinciple.

11.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?

A.Howpeopleinte?pretfailureoftendeterminestheircreativeoutput.

B.Learningfromsuccessplaysanimportantpartinimprovingcreativity.

C.Growthmindsetpeopleseechallengesdifferentlyfromfixedmindsetones.

D.Whichgrouppeopleputthemselvesindecideshowtheyreacttochallenges.

【答案】8.A????9.D????10.C????H.A

【導(dǎo)語】本文為一篇說明文。文章指出人們對失敗的理解、態(tài)度會決定會影響到他們的創(chuàng)造性產(chǎn)出，相比

輕言放棄的固定型思維的人，具有成長型思維的人用發(fā)展的眼光看待失敗，更具有創(chuàng)造力。

8.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第：段最后——句"Ifyouexperiencefailureandregarditasasteppingstone,thenyouhave

placedyourselfintothegrowthgroup.（如果你經(jīng)歷過失敗，并將其視為一次提升自己的機(jī)會，那么你已經(jīng)將

自己置于成長型群體中。）“，以及第三段第一句“Accordingtotheresearch,peopleinthegrowthgrouptendto

generatemorecreativeideasthanthoseinthefixedgroup.（根據(jù)研究，成長組的人往往比固定組的人產(chǎn)生更多

的創(chuàng)造性想法。）”可知，對于成長性思維的人來說，失敗只是一個墊腳石，從失敗中他們能生成更多創(chuàng)新

的點(diǎn)子，所以具有成長型思維的人愿意接受挑戰(zhàn)，故選A項(xiàng)。

9.詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句"Ifyouexperiencefailureandgiveup,youhaveconvenientlyassigned

yourselftothefixedgroup.IfyouexperiencefailureandregarditasaStePPingstone,thenyouhaveplaced

yourselfintothegrowthgroup.（如果你經(jīng)歷了失敗，放棄了，你就很方便地把自己分配到固定的群體。如果

你經(jīng)歷過失敗，并將其視為asteppingstone,那么你已經(jīng)將自己置于成長型群體中。）“可知，固定型思維

的人遇到失敗就放棄，而與之相對的是，成長型思維的人把失敗當(dāng)作有幫助的，可以促進(jìn)發(fā)展，可推知，

劃線短語asteppingstone和D項(xiàng)“Achancetoadvance.（一次提高的機(jī)會）”意思相近，故選D項(xiàng)。

10.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一三段“Accordingtotheresearch,peopleinthegrowthgrouptendtogeneratemore

creativeideasthanthoseinthefixedgroup.（根據(jù)研究，具有成長型思維的人往往比固定型思維組的人產(chǎn)生更

多的創(chuàng)造性想法）“可知，這句話為段首核心觀點(diǎn)。下文“Toillustrate,considerThomasEdison.Inthe19th

century,Edisonattemptedtoimprovethelightbulbandexperimentedwithnumerousmaterials.Overathousand

trials,hemanagedtodiscoveranelementsustaininglight.Areporteronceaskedhim,Mtseemsasthoughyou,ve

triedmanytimesandcontinuetofaileachtime.Whyisthat?'Edisonanswered,?Ihavenotfailed.Fvejustfound

10,000WaySthatWoIftWorkj（為了說明這一點(diǎn)，以托馬斯?愛迪生為例。在19世紀(jì)，愛迪生試圖改進(jìn)燈泡，

并試驗(yàn)了許多材料。經(jīng)過一千多次試驗(yàn)，他終于發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種維持光的元素。一位記者曾經(jīng)問他：‘你似乎已

經(jīng)嘗試了很多次，但每次都失敗了。為什么呢？‘愛迪生回答說：，我沒有失敗。我發(fā)現(xiàn)了一萬種行不通的

方法?！笨芍?，此處為典型舉例表述，結(jié)合其內(nèi)容可知，作者提到愛迪生是以其為例來支撐本段首句提出

的觀點(diǎn)。故選C項(xiàng)。

11.主旨大意題。通讀全文，本文第?、二段主要介紹了具有成長型思維的人和具有固定型思維的人對待

失敗的截然不同的態(tài)度和反應(yīng)；第三、四段論證了具有成長型思維的人，善于用發(fā)展的眼光看待失敗，相

比輕言放棄的固定型思維的人，更具有創(chuàng)造力，可本文的大意為：對失敗的理解、態(tài)度會決定會影響到他

們的創(chuàng)造性產(chǎn)出。故選A項(xiàng)。

4.【黑龍江省哈爾濱市三中2022-2023學(xué)年高三試卷】

Globally,around14percentoffoodproducedislostbetweenharvestandretail（零售）.Farmersthrowaway

asignificantshareoftheircropduetofactorsbeyondtheircontrol,suchasproducenotmeetingsupermarket

standardsforshapeorsize,unexpectedweatherpatternschangingharvesttimesandyieldaswellasashortageof

pickers.Thesefactorsandothersleavefarmerswithextracropsontheirhands.

Gleaning——collectingleftovercropsfromfarmers,fieldsaftertheyhaven,tbeenharvestedorcommercial

use—maycontributetotacklingtheproblem.InBritain,agrowingnetworkofvolunteergleaninggroupsare

beingwelcomedintofarmers,fieldstocollecttonnesoffreeproduce.Theproducewouldthenbegiventolocal

foodbanks,whichwouldotherwisebelefttorotafterthecommercialharvest.

ThecharityFeedbacktoldTheTimesthatitsnumberofgleaninggroupsacrossEnglandhadrisenfromfive

in2017totwentylastyear.Feedback'soverallaimisforcloserlinksbetweenfarmersandthecommunitiesthey

feed.

HollyWhitelaw,52,fromStJustinPenwith,setuptheCornwallGleaningNetworklastyearafterwatching

aBBCseriesthathighlightedfoodpovertyinCornwall.ShecontactedFeedbackwhichgavehera￡2,000grant

（撥款）togetinsurance,knives,andcut-proofgloves.ShesetupaFacebookpage,foundwillingvolunteersand

thenmanagedtogeta￡10,000grantfromFeedingBritain,anationalnetworkofanti-hungerpartnerships,to

establishsevencoordinatorsacrossthecountyandpayformoreknivesandgloves.Theyalsoraisedfundstobuy

apick-uptruck.Asathankyoutothefarmers,theyhavebegunplantingtreestoreducewindspeedacrosstheir

land,preventingdamagetocropsandminimizingsoilerosion.

Gleaningoffersanopportunityforenvironmentalwinbyreducingfoodwasteonthefarm.Also,ithasa

socialbenefit,asthecollectedfreshfoodcanbedonatedtocharityorganizationsandfoodbankstosupportthose

inneed.

10/28

8.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowinghaslittleimpactoncropwaste?

A?Produceinpoorquality.

B.Lackoflaboronthefarm.

C.Increasingsupermarketorders.

D.Changeableweatherconditions.

9.WhatmighthelpWhitelawgeneratetheideaofgleaning?

A.AgrandfromthecharityFeedback.

B.Feedback'soverallaimforcloserlinks.

C.Communitiesandvolunteers5jointeffort.

D.ATVseriesrevealingregionalfoodpoverty.

10.Whatcanweleaι*naboutthepracticeofgleaningfromthepassage?

A.Itprovesrewarding.

B.Itneedstobemorecreative.

C.Itisphysicallychallenging.

D.Ittakesagestoseetheresult.

11.Whatistheauthor,spurposeinwritingthepassage?

A.Tosetanewstandardforfarming.

B.Toexplainthereasonsforoverproduction.

C.TogathertheinformationaboutproduceinBritain.

D.Tointroduceasolutiontotheproblemoffoodwaste.

【答案】8?C????9.D????10.A????ll.D

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一個名為COrnWaH的減少食物浪費(fèi)的作物收集組織。該組織有

效地幫助了環(huán)境保護(hù)和人道關(guān)懷。

8.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Fannersthrowawayasignificantshareoftheircropduetofactorsbeyondtheir

control,suchasproducenotmeetingsupermarketstandardsforshapeorsize,unexpectedweatherpatterns

changingharvesttimesandyieldaswellasashortageofpickers.（由于一些無法控制的因素，比如農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的形

狀或大小不符合超市的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，反常的天氣模式改變了收獲時間和產(chǎn)量，以及缺乏采摘者，農(nóng)民丟棄「很大

一部分作物）“可知，農(nóng)作物浪費(fèi)主要由于農(nóng)產(chǎn)品品質(zhì)不達(dá)標(biāo)、多變的天氣狀況和采摘人員不足。故選C項(xiàng)。

9.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“HollyWhitelaw,52,fromStJustinPenwith,setuptheCornwallGleaningNetwork

lastyearafterwatchingaBBCseriesthathighlightedfoodpovertyinCornwall.（52歲的HollyWhitelaw來自

Penwith的StJust,去年在看了BBC的一個突出康沃爾食物貧困的系列節(jié)目后，她建立了康沃爾收集網(wǎng)絡(luò)）”

可知，收看了一個反映CornWan食物匱乏的BBC系列節(jié)目后，WhiteIaW創(chuàng)建了CornWaH收集網(wǎng)絡(luò)。故選

D項(xiàng)。

10.推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“ShecontactedFeedbackwhichgavehera￡2,00Ogrant（撥款）toget

insurance,knives,andcut-proofgloves.ShesetupaFacebookpage,foundwillingvolunteersandthenmanaged

togeta￡10,O（X）grantfromFeedingBritain,anationalnetworkofanti-hungerpartnerships,toestablishseven

coordinatorsacrossthecountyandpayformoreknivesandgloves.（她聯(lián)系fFeedback,Feedback給了她2000

英鎊的資助來購買保險、刀具和防割傷手套。她在FaCebOOk上建立了一個頁面，找到了有意愿的志愿者,

然后設(shè)法從一個全國性的反饑餓合作網(wǎng)絡(luò)“供養(yǎng)英國”（FeedingBritain）獲得了I萬英鎊的贈款，在全縣建立

了7個協(xié)調(diào)員，并購買了更多的刀具和手套廣可知，收集網(wǎng)絡(luò)建立之后，卓有成效地籌集到不少善款，用

于購買保險和其他一些必要的工具等，為減少作物浪費(fèi)做出了很大的貢獻(xiàn)。故選A項(xiàng)。

11.推理判斷題o根據(jù)第二段“Gleaning—collectingleftovercropsfromfarmers,fieldsaftertheyhaven'tbeen

harvestedorcommercialuse-maycontributetotacklingthePrObIem.（收集從農(nóng)民的田里收集尚未收割

或尚未商業(yè)化使用的剩余作物——可能有助于解決這個問題）“和最后一段“Gleaningoffersanopportunity

forenvironmentalwinbyreducingfoodwasteonthefaι*m.（通過減少農(nóng)場的食物浪費(fèi)，收集食物為環(huán)境保護(hù)提

供了機(jī)會）“可知，本文的寫作目的主要是介紹一種行之有效地減少食物浪費(fèi)的方法。故選D項(xiàng)。

5.【湖北省高中名校聯(lián)合體2023年高三診斷試題】

Globally,around14percentoffoodproducedislostbetweenharvestandretail（零售）.Farmersthrowaway

asignificantshareoftheircropduetofactorsbeyondtheircontrol,suchasproducenotmeetingsupermarket

standardsforshapeorsize,unexpectedweatherpatternschangingharvesttimesandyieldaswellasashortageof

pickers.Thesefactorsandothersleavefarmerswithextracropsontheirhands.

Gleaning——collectingleftovercropsfromfarmers'fieldsaftertheyhaven,tbeenharvestedorcommercial

use—maycontributetotacklingtheproblem.InBritain,agrowingnetworkofvolunteergleaninggroupsare

beingwelcomedintofanners,fieldstocollecttonnesoffreeproduce.Theproducewouldthenbegiventolocal

foodbanks,whichwouldOtherWiSebelefttorotafterthecommercialharvest.

ThecharityFeedbacktoldTheTimesthatitsnumberofgleaninggroupsacrossEnglandhadrisenfromfive

in2017totwentylastyear.Feedback'soverallaimisforcloserlinksbetweenfarmersandthecommunitiesthey

feed.

HollyWhitelaw,52,fromStJustinPenwith,setuptheCornwallGleaningNetworklastyearafterwatching

12/28

aBBCseriesthathighlightedfoodpovertyinCornwall.ShecontactedFeedbackwhichgavehera￡2,000grant

（撥款）togetinsurance,knives,andcut-proofgloves.ShesetupaFacebookpage,foundwillingvolunteersand

thenmanagedtogeta￡10,000grantfromFeedingBritain,anationalnetworkofanti-hungerpartnerships,to

establishsevencoordinatorsacrossthecountyandpayformoreknivesandgloves.Theyalsoraisedfundstobuy

apick-uptruck.Asathankyoutothefarmers,theyhavebegunplantingtreestoreducewindspeedacrosstheir

land