(積極心理學(xué)英文課件)chapter9-wellness

Chapter6CharacterStrengthsChapter6CharacterStrengths1Background“Happinessistheaimoflife,butvirtueisthefoundationofhappiness”---ThomasJeffersonDirectorofVirtue---anongoingprojecttheauthorhavebeenconductingoncharacterstrengthsandvirtues.“Howcanwehelpyouthtorealizetheirfullpotential?”---MayersonFoundationConferencein1999,lackedcommonwaysofcharacterizingoptimaldevelopmentandagreeduponstrategiesforassessingtheeffectivenessoftheirintervention.VIA:theValuesinActionInstituteVIAclassificationofcharacterstrengthsBackground“Happinessisthea2BasicissuesinstudyinggoodcharacterHowtoapproachgoodcharacter?Asafamilyofpositivedispositions,characteristicslikeperspective,teamwork,kindness,andhope.Characterstrengths,trait-like,Goodcharacterismorethanbadcharacternegatedorminimized.Becausegoodcharacteranditscomponentsaremorallyesteemed,isitpossibletohaveanonarbitraryclassificationofubiquitouslyvaluedcharacter?Basicissuesinstudyinggood3(積極心理學(xué)英文課件)chapter9-wellness4(積極心理學(xué)英文課件)chapter9-wellness5TheVIAClassificationofCharacterStrengthsandVirtues24strengthsofcharacterorganizedunderthesixcorevirtues.StrengthsofwisdomandknowledgeCreativityCuriosityLoveoflearningOpen-mindednessPerspectiveTheVIAClassificationofChar6TheVIAClassificationofCharacterStrengthsandVirtuesStrengthsofcourageAuthenticityBraveryPersistenceZestTheVIAClassificationofChar7TheVIAClassificationofCharacterStrengthsandVirtuesStrengthsofhumanityKindnessLoveSocialintelligenceTheVIAClassificationofChar8TheVIAClassificationofCharacterStrengthsandVirtuesStrengthsofjusticeFairnessLeadershipTeamworkTheVIAClassificationofChar9TheVIAClassificationofCharacterStrengthsandVirtuesStrengthsoftemperanceForgiveness/mercyModesty/humilityPrudenceSelf-regulationTheVIAClassificationofChar10TheVIAClassificationofCharacterStrengthsandVirtuesStrengthsoftranscendenceAppreciationofbeautyandexcellenceGratitudeHopeHumorReligiousness/spiritualityTheVIAClassificationofChar11Whatabouttalents?Whatisthedifferencebetweentalentsandcharacterstrengths?Characterstrengthsdifferfromtalentsandabilitiesbecausetheyfallintothemoraldomain.Othertwodistinctions:Theroleplayedbyeffortandwillintheexerciseofthesecharacteristics.Aseconddistinctionbetweencharacterstrengthsandtalentsisthatthelatterseemvaluedmorefortheirtangibleconsequences(acclaim,wealth)thanaretheformer.Whatabouttalents?Whatisthe12AssessmentofcharacterstrengthsTheVIAInventoryofStrengths(VIA-IS)TheVIAInventoryofStrengthsforYouth(VIA-Youth)TheVIAStructuredInterviewIdentifieswhatwecall“signaturestrengths”bytalkingtosomeoneaboutthesituationsinwhichthesestrengthsaremostlikelytobeshown.30minutestocompleteTheStrengthsContentAnalysistechniqueAssessstrengthsthatreliesoncontentanalysisofspontaneousspokenorwrittendescriptionsofsomeone.Assessmentofcharacterstreng13EmpiricalFindingsFirst:Themostcommonlyendorsedstrengthsare:kindness,fairness,authenticity,gratitude,andopen-mindednessThelesserstrengthsconsistentlyinclude:prudence,,modesty,andself-regulation.EmpiricalFindingsFirst:14AcomparisonofstrengthsprofilesbetweenU.S.adultsandU.S.adolescentsrevealed:Hope,teamwork,andzestweremorecommonamongU.S.adolescentsthanamongU.S.adults.Appreciationofbeauty,authenticity,leadership,andopen-mindedweremorecommonamongU.S.adults.Acomparisonofstrengthsprof15Strengths“oftheheart”---zest,gratitude,hopeandlove---aremorerobustlyassociatedwithlifesatisfactionthanthemore-cerebralstrengthslikeloveoflearning.After9.11,thecharacterstrengthsoffaith(religiousness),hope,andloveshowedincreases,apatternnotevidentamongEuropeanrespondents.Strengths“oftheheart”---zes16Whatpeoplemostvaluedwasajob,arelationship,andahobbycongruentwiththeirownstrengthsofcharacter.Lookattheeffectsoncharacterstrengthsofpreviouslifecrises.Crisismayormaynotbethecrucibleofcharacter,butitcertainlyallowsthedisplayofwhatvirtueethicistsrefertoas“correctivestrengthsofcharacter”Whatpeoplemostvaluedwasa17Isitpossibletodevelopanduseasmanystrengthsofcharacteraspossible?“Haveitall”“Practicalwisdom”Peoplemakethesetradeoffincharacteristicways.“circumplexmodel”TheXaxiscorrespondstoafocusofthestrengthontheselfversusothers,andtheYaxiscorrespondstostrengthsthatentailintellectualrestraintversusemotionalexpression.Twostrengthsclosetogetheronthegraphcomfortablyco-occur,buttwostrengthsthatarefarapartaremorelikelytobetradedoff.Theydoimplythatpeopledisplaygoodcharacterinhabituallydifferentways.Isitpossibletodevelopand18UsingsignaturestrengthsinnewwaysE.gAppreciationofbeautyVisitanartgalleryormuseum