Unit5IntotheUnknownStartingoutUnderstandingideas課件高中英語選擇性

Unit5Period1Startingout&Understandingideas新課導入Somenaturalphenomenaarereallyamazing.Whatnaturalphenomenaareyoufamiliarwith?thunderandlightningtheearthquakethesolareclipsethemirageWatchthevideoandanswerthequestions.1

Whatnaturalphenomenaarementionedinthevideo?2

Howweretheseexplainedinthepast?Whatarethescientificexplanationsbehindthem?1課堂學習Startingout1.Whatnaturalphenomenaarementionedinthevideo?Thenaturalphenomenathatarementionedinthevideoinclude:theearthquake,thesolareclipse,thunderandlightning,andthemirage.2.Howweretheseexplainedinthepast?Whatarethescientificexplanationsbehindthem?Fortheearthquake:NativeAmericansused

tobelievethatearthquakeswerecausedbyastrugglebetweenalargebird,calledthe

Thunderbird,anda

whale.AnancientJapanesebeliefwasthatearthquakeswerecausedby

themovementsofagiantcatfishthatcarriedtheworldonitsback.Scientistsnowknowthatearthquakesareactuallycausedbythemovementoftectonicplates.

Forthesolareclipse:Inmanycultures,therewereancientbeliefsthatsolareclipseswerecausedbyacreatureeatingtheSun.InVietnam,thatcreaturewasagiantfrog,inNorway,a

wolf,andinChina,itwasahugedog.Infact,solareclipseshappenwhentheMoonpassesbetweenEarthandtheSun,temporarilyblockingtheSun’slight.Forthunderandlightning:

InMedievalEurope,peoplethoughtthatsupernaturalforcescausedthunderandlightning.Itwasasignofbadtimesahead.Modernsciencetellsusthatlightningisanelectricchargemovingbetweenclouds,orbetweencloudsandtheearth.Thunderisashockwaveofsoundcausedbylightning.Forthemirage:InAncientChina,peolplebelievedthatthiswasactuallycausedbythebreathofadragon.Thesedays,peopleknowthata“mirage”happenswhenlayersofairwithvaryingtemperaturescauselighttobend.Lookatthepicturesandanswerthequestions.21Whatdoyouknowaboutthesemysteries?2Whatotherunsolvedmysteriesdoyouknowof?3Whichofthesedoyoumostwanttoinvestigate?AtlantisAtlantisisalegendarycity,whichisdescribedintheworkoftheGreekphilosopherPlato.ThestoryofAtlantiswithitsfabulouslywealthyandadvancedcivilisationwhichwassweptintotheseatobelostforeverhascapturedtheimaginationofreadersforovertwomillennia.NazcalinesTheNazcaLinesareacollectionofgiantgeometricpatternsandanimalshapes.DrawnintothelandscapesofsouthernPeru,themajorityofthelinesarebelievedtobetheworkoftheNazcapeoplearound1ADto700.DesignatedaUNESCOWorldHeritageSitein1994,numerousstudiesandtheorieshavesofarnotexplainedthereasonwhythelineswerecreated.【背景知識】TunguskaeventTunguskaevent,enormousexplosionthatisestimatedtohaveoccurredat7:14amplusorminusoneminuteon30June1908,atanaltitudeof5-10kilometres,flatteningsome2,000squarekilometresandcharringmorethan100squarekilometresofpineforestnearthePodkamennayaTunguskaRiverinCentralSiberia,Russia.BlackholeA

blackholeisaregionofspace-timeexhibitinggravitationalaccelerationsostrongthatnothing,notevenlight,canescapefromit.1Lookatthepicturesandanswerthequestions.Dofurtherresearchifnecessary.Understandingideas1Whatdoyouknowabouttheseancientcivilisations?2Whatmightbethereasonsbehindtheircollapse?3

Whatotherancientcivilisationsdoyouknowof?Sharewhatyouknowwiththeclass.AncientGreeceAncientBabylonAncientEgypt1.Whatdoyouknowabouttheseancientcivilisations?AncientGreecehasalonghistorywhichwasmadeupofmanyGreekcity-states.TheancientGreeksbelievedingods,goddesses,andmagicalcreatures.TheGreeksbuilttemplestohonortheirgods.Theytoldwonderfulmythsabouttheirgods.AncientBabylonwasamassivewalledcity,andeveryonelivedinsidethewalledcity.

LawsofBabylonwerefamous.Toensurethatthelawswerefollowedbyeveryone,oneofthekingsofBabylonhadthelawswrittendownonstonesothateveryonewouldbetreatedequallyunderthelaw.AncientEgypthadadvancedscienceandtechnologyforthetime.AncientEgyptiansbuiltalotofgrandPyramids,whichwerethetombsoftheirkings.

AncientEgyptiansleftmanyworksofart,whichreflectedthecollectiveeffort.Thecolorsofthepaintingsintherocktombslookedfreshandvivid.2.Whatmightbethereasonsbehindtheircollapse?3.Whatotherancientcivilisationsdoyouknowof?Sharewhatyouknowwiththeclass.Itmightbethewarsthatledtotheircollapse.Theywereconqueredbyotherempires.TheMayanIndianslivedinMexicoforthousandsofyears.TheMayabelievedinmanygods.Theybuiltlargetemplestohonorthem.ReadthepassageandfindoutthepossiblereasonsforthedisappearanceofMayacivilisation.25_________________________________________________________________Somerecentstudieshavefoundthattherewerefarfewertropicalcyclonesthanusualbetween700ADand1000AD.Thisislikelytohaveledtoaseriesofdroughts,eachlastingforacoupleofyears,inchudinga“megadrought”around900AD.ManyscientistsbelievethatthesedroughtswerethemainreasonwhyMayacivilisationbegantocollapseatdifferentratesindifferentplaces.Thesedroughtswouldhaveledtofoodshortages,conflictsand,ultimately,thedownfallofthecities.6Whateverthereasons,Mayacivilisationlargelydisappearedwithinthedeepjungle.Itsoncegreatcitiesfellintoruin,leavingvariousmysteriesforlaterpeopletosolve.___________________________________________________Nowcheckyourfindings:ThewaythattheMayapeoplechangedthelandscapearoundthemmayhavebeenoneofthereasonsbehindthedisappearanceoftheircivilisation.Turningwetlandsintofieldsforgrowinggrains,digginghugecanalsystemsandcuttingdownmoretreesfor

constructionreducedtheirabilitytocopewithnaturaldisasters.Whenthosenaturaldisasters,suchasdroughts,struck,theMayawouldhavefacedfoodshortages,conflictsand,eventually,thedownfalloftheircities.3aMayacivilisationhasbeensurroundedbymysterysinceitsrediscoveryinthe19thcentury.bButthegreatestmysteryofalliswhatcausedtheMayatoabandonmostoftheirgreatcities.cAlthoughhistheoryhasbeendismissedbyscholars,itshowshowpowerfulthesecretsofAncientMayacivilisationareamongpeople.dResearchalsosuggeststhatthosenaturaldisastersmayhaveledtothedeclineoftheMaya.eMeanwhile,theriseandfallofthiscivilisationmustalsoleaveusthinkingaboutourownpast,presentandfuture.fSomeresearchseemstoindicatethattheMayapeoplethemselvesmayhaveplayedapartintheirdownfall.1-c2-a3-b4-f5-d6-e

Trytofigureoutthestructureofthepassage.PartsPara.(s)MainideaPart1Part2Part3Part4Part5Para.1Para.2Para.3Para.s4-5Para.6IntroducethetopicTheachievementsofMayacivilizationThedeclineofMayacivilizationThereasonsforthecollapseofMayacivilizationThemysteriesofMayacivilizationremaintobesolved4MAYACIVILISATIONTimeLocationPossiblereasonsforcollapsearound1800BCto1100ADfrom1__________to2_______________1humancauses-reducedtheabilitytodealwith3_________________4___________________________5___________________________hugeexpansionofthe6____________2naturalcauses-aseriesof7__________between700ADand1000AD,each8________________________________.

Mexico

CentralAmerica

naturaldisastersturningwetlandsintofields

digginghugecanalsystems

population

droughts

lastingforacoupleofyears5mathematicscalendarwritingsystemItcanthereforebedifficulttoexplainwhy,despitetheirexcellentconstructionskills,theMayaneverlearnttouse4___________________________________,whiletheancientChinesedid.FactssuchastheseaddtothemysterysurroundingMayacivilisation,drivingpeopletofindoutwhyit5___________whileothers,suchasAncientChina,survivedandthrived.wheels,metaltoolsorevenanimalpowerdisappeared1Whatistheauthor’spurposeinstartingthepassagewiththestoryaboutWilliamGadoury?2Whatotherthingsdoyouthinkcoulddestroyacivilisation?Shareanexamplewiththeclass.3WhatlessonscanyoulearnfromthecollapseofMayacivilisation?Howcanthisinformationhelpthedevelopmentoftoday’ssociety?4Whichoftheargumentsinthepassagedidyoufindthemostconvincing?Giveyourreasons.ThinkShare1.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinstartingthepassagewiththestoryaboutWilliamGadoury?ThestoryaboutWilliamGadouryshowshowthesecretsofAncientMayacivilisationhavecapturedpeople’simaginations.2.Whatotherthingsdoyouthinkcoulddestroyacivilisation?Shareanexamplewiththeclass.Maybethewars.AncientGreecewasconqueredbytheRomanEmpire.3.WhatlessonscanyoulearnfromthecollapseofMayacivilisation?Howcanthisinformationhelpthedevelopmentoftoday’ssociety?Wecan’tdestroythebalanceoftheecosystem.Humansshouldliveinharmonywithnature.Onlyifwecarefornaturecanwebetterprotectourlivingenvironment.4.Whichoftheargumentsinthepassagedidyoufindthemostconvincing?Giveyourreasons.Megadrought.Itmightcausefoodshortage,conflictsandthedownfallofthecities.1.IntriguedbyMayacivilisationfromaveryyoungage,15-year-oldCanadianWilliamGadourythoughthehadmadeanincrediblediscoveryfromhisstudyofancientstarcharts.十五歲的加拿大少年威廉.加杜里自幼便對瑪雅文明著迷，他認為自己通過研究古老星象圖有了驚人發(fā)現(xiàn)。Paraphrase:Fifteen-year-oldCanadianWilliamGadourywasfascinatedbyMayacivilisationfromaveryyoungage，andhethoughthehaddiscoveredsomethingamazingwhilestudyingancientstarcharts.本句中的intriguedby是過去分詞短語作原因狀語，表示“被……所吸引”。e.g.Intriguedbytheheateddebate,hekeptwatchingfortwohours.

他被這場激烈的辯論吸引住了，一直看了兩個小時。Languagepoints4.ExtendingsouthfrompartsofwhatwenowknowasMexicointoCentralAmerica,Mayacivilisationhasbeensurroundedbymysterysinceitsrediscoveryinthe19thcentury.瑪雅文明從我們現(xiàn)在所知的墨西哥向南延伸到中美洲，自19世紀被重新發(fā)現(xiàn)以來，瑪雅文明一直被神秘所包圍。【詞匯拓展】expand(...)into（把……）擴展/發(fā)展成……expansionn.擴大；增加；膨脹contract(反義詞)vi.收縮【易混辨析】expand指范圍、體積的擴大、膨脹；enlarge指面積、體積的擴大extend指長度、寬度的延伸及時間的延長spread指物種、疾病、思想、文化等的傳播、延伸。

8.ThefactthatMayasocietywastechnologicallyprimitive

makesitsachievementsallthemore

incredibleandmysterious.瑪雅社會的科技水平十分原始，這一事實使得瑪雅的種種成就更加令人難以置信、神秘莫測。(1)allthemore更加，愈加（用于強調(diào)）e.g.Severalpublishersrejectedherbook,butthatmadeherallthemoredetermined.幾家出版商拒絕了她的書，但這讓她更加堅定了決心。(2