基于煩惱率模型的工程結(jié)構(gòu)振動(dòng)舒適度設(shè)計(jì)新理論

基于煩惱率模型的工程結(jié)構(gòu)振動(dòng)舒適度設(shè)計(jì)新理論一、本文概述Overviewofthisarticle隨著工程結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)的日益復(fù)雜化和精細(xì)化，振動(dòng)舒適度設(shè)計(jì)已經(jīng)成為工程領(lǐng)域的一個(gè)重要研究方向。傳統(tǒng)的工程結(jié)構(gòu)振動(dòng)設(shè)計(jì)主要關(guān)注結(jié)構(gòu)的穩(wěn)定性和安全性，但對(duì)于振動(dòng)對(duì)人體的影響以及人們的振動(dòng)舒適度考慮較少。近年來，隨著人們生活水平的提高和對(duì)生活質(zhì)量要求的增加，振動(dòng)舒適度問題逐漸受到關(guān)注。因此，本文提出了基于煩惱率模型的工程結(jié)構(gòu)振動(dòng)舒適度設(shè)計(jì)新理論，旨在通過引入煩惱率模型，為工程結(jié)構(gòu)振動(dòng)舒適度設(shè)計(jì)提供新的理論支撐和設(shè)計(jì)方法。Withtheincreasingcomplexityandrefinementofengineeringstructuraldesign,vibrationcomfortdesignhasbecomeanimportantresearchdirectioninthefieldofengineering.Traditionalengineeringstructuralvibrationdesignmainlyfocusesonthestabilityandsafetyofthestructure,butlessconsiderationisgiventotheimpactofvibrationonthehumanbodyandpeople'svibrationcomfort.Inrecentyears,withtheimprovementofpeople'slivingstandardsandtheincreasingdemandforqualityoflife,theissueofvibrationcomforthasgraduallyreceivedattention.Therefore,thisarticleproposesanewtheoryforvibrationcomfortdesignofengineeringstructuresbasedontheannoyanceratemodel,aimingtoprovidenewtheoreticalsupportanddesignmethodsforvibrationcomfortdesignofengineeringstructuresbyintroducingtheannoyanceratemodel.煩惱率模型作為一種評(píng)價(jià)振動(dòng)舒適度的重要指標(biāo)，能夠綜合考慮振動(dòng)強(qiáng)度、振動(dòng)頻率和振動(dòng)持續(xù)時(shí)間等因素，為振動(dòng)舒適度設(shè)計(jì)提供更為全面和科學(xué)的依據(jù)。本文將詳細(xì)闡述煩惱率模型的基本原理和應(yīng)用方法，并結(jié)合工程實(shí)例，探討其在工程結(jié)構(gòu)振動(dòng)舒適度設(shè)計(jì)中的應(yīng)用。Theannoyanceratemodel,asanimportantindicatorforevaluatingvibrationcomfort,cancomprehensivelyconsiderfactorssuchasvibrationintensity,vibrationfrequency,andvibrationduration,providingamorecomprehensiveandscientificbasisforvibrationcomfortdesign.Thisarticlewillelaborateonthebasicprinciplesandapplicationmethodsoftheannoyanceratemodel,andexploreitsapplicationinthevibrationcomfortdesignofengineeringstructuresthroughengineeringexamples.本文的主要內(nèi)容包括：煩惱率模型的基本原理和計(jì)算方法，工程結(jié)構(gòu)振動(dòng)舒適度設(shè)計(jì)的基本要求和流程，煩惱率模型在工程結(jié)構(gòu)振動(dòng)舒適度設(shè)計(jì)中的應(yīng)用案例分析，以及基于煩惱率模型的工程結(jié)構(gòu)振動(dòng)舒適度設(shè)計(jì)優(yōu)化方法。通過本文的研究，旨在為工程結(jié)構(gòu)振動(dòng)舒適度設(shè)計(jì)提供更為科學(xué)、合理和實(shí)用的理論支撐和設(shè)計(jì)方法，推動(dòng)工程結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)向更高層次、更寬領(lǐng)域發(fā)展。Themaincontentofthisarticleincludes:thebasicprincipleandcalculationmethodoftheannoyanceratemodel,thebasicrequirementsandprocessofvibrationcomfortdesignforengineeringstructures,theapplicationcaseanalysisoftheannoyanceratemodelinvibrationcomfortdesignforengineeringstructures,andtheoptimizationmethodofvibrationcomfortdesignforengineeringstructuresbasedontheannoyanceratemodel.Throughtheresearchinthisarticle,theaimistoprovidemorescientific,reasonable,andpracticaltheoreticalsupportanddesignmethodsforthedesignofvibrationcomfortinengineeringstructures,andtopromotethedevelopmentofengineeringstructuredesigntowardshigherlevelsandwiderfields.二、煩惱率模型的基本原理Thebasicprincipleoftheannoyanceratemodel煩惱率模型是一種用于評(píng)估工程結(jié)構(gòu)振動(dòng)舒適度的新理論，它基于人體對(duì)振動(dòng)的主觀感受與振動(dòng)參數(shù)的客觀量化關(guān)系。煩惱率模型的基本原理可以概括為以下幾點(diǎn)：Theannoyanceratemodelisanewtheoryusedtoevaluatethevibrationcomfortofengineeringstructures,whichisbasedonthesubjectiveperceptionofvibrationbythehumanbodyandtheobjectivequantificationrelationshipofvibrationparameters.Thebasicprinciplesoftheannoyanceratemodelcanbesummarizedasfollows:人體對(duì)振動(dòng)的感知：人體對(duì)振動(dòng)的感知是一個(gè)復(fù)雜的生理和心理過程，涉及多個(gè)感覺器官和神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的交互作用。振動(dòng)刺激通過皮膚、肌肉、骨骼等感覺器官傳遞給神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)，進(jìn)而產(chǎn)生對(duì)振動(dòng)的感知。Humanperceptionofvibration:Humanperceptionofvibrationisacomplexphysiologicalandpsychologicalprocessinvolvingtheinteractionofmultiplesensoryorgansandnervoussystems.Vibrationstimulationistransmittedtothenervoussystemthroughsensoryorganssuchasskin,muscles,andbones,therebygeneratingperceptionofvibration.振動(dòng)參數(shù)的量化：為了客觀評(píng)估振動(dòng)對(duì)舒適度的影響，需要將振動(dòng)參數(shù)進(jìn)行量化。常見的振動(dòng)參數(shù)包括振幅、頻率、加速度等。這些參數(shù)可以通過振動(dòng)測(cè)量?jī)x器進(jìn)行客觀測(cè)量，并作為煩惱率模型的輸入。Quantificationofvibrationparameters:Inordertoobjectivelyevaluatetheimpactofvibrationoncomfort,itisnecessarytoquantifythevibrationparameters.Commonvibrationparametersincludeamplitude,frequency,acceleration,etc.Theseparameterscanbeobjectivelymeasuredbyvibrationmeasuringinstrumentsandusedasinputsfortheannoyanceratemodel.煩惱率的定義：煩惱率是指人體在特定振動(dòng)環(huán)境下感受到不適的概率。它是一個(gè)綜合性的指標(biāo)，綜合考慮了振動(dòng)強(qiáng)度、頻率、持續(xù)時(shí)間等多個(gè)因素。煩惱率的值越高，表示人體感受到的不適程度越高。Thedefinitionofannoyancerate:annoyanceratereferstotheprobabilitythatthehumanbodyfeelsuncomfortableinaspecificvibrationenvironment.Itisacomprehensiveindicatorthattakesintoaccountmultiplefactorssuchasvibrationintensity,frequency,duration,etc.Thehigherthevalueofannoyancerate,thehigherthedegreeofdiscomfortfeltbythehumanbody.煩惱率模型的建立：煩惱率模型通過大量的實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)和統(tǒng)計(jì)分析，建立了人體感知振動(dòng)與振動(dòng)參數(shù)之間的數(shù)學(xué)關(guān)系。這個(gè)模型可以根據(jù)給定的振動(dòng)參數(shù)預(yù)測(cè)出相應(yīng)的煩惱率，從而為工程結(jié)構(gòu)的振動(dòng)舒適度設(shè)計(jì)提供依據(jù)。Theestablishmentoftheannoyanceratemodel:Theannoyanceratemodelestablishesamathematicalrelationshipbetweenhumanperceptionvibrationandvibrationparametersthroughalargeamountofexperimentaldataandstatisticalanalysis.Thismodelcanpredictthecorrespondingdistressratebasedonthegivenvibrationparameters,providingabasisforthevibrationcomfortdesignofengineeringstructures.模型的應(yīng)用與優(yōu)化：煩惱率模型可以應(yīng)用于各種工程結(jié)構(gòu)的振動(dòng)舒適度設(shè)計(jì)中，包括建筑、橋梁、軌道交通等領(lǐng)域。通過不斷優(yōu)化模型參數(shù)和算法，可以提高預(yù)測(cè)精度和可靠性，為工程實(shí)踐提供更好的指導(dǎo)。Applicationandoptimizationofmodels:Theannoyanceratemodelcanbeappliedtothevibrationcomfortdesignofvariousengineeringstructures,includingbuildings,bridges,railtransit,andotherfields.Bycontinuouslyoptimizingmodelparametersandalgorithms,predictionaccuracyandreliabilitycanbeimproved,providingbetterguidanceforengineeringpractice.煩惱率模型是一種基于人體感知振動(dòng)和振動(dòng)參數(shù)量化關(guān)系的工程結(jié)構(gòu)振動(dòng)舒適度設(shè)計(jì)新理論。它具有重要的理論意義和實(shí)踐價(jià)值，為工程結(jié)構(gòu)的振動(dòng)舒適度設(shè)計(jì)提供了新的思路和方法。Theannoyanceratemodelisanewtheoryfordesigningvibrationcomfortofengineeringstructuresbasedonthequantitativerelationshipbetweenhumanperceptionofvibrationandvibrationparameters.Ithasimportanttheoreticalsignificanceandpracticalvalue,providingnewideasandmethodsforthevibrationcomfortdesignofengineeringstructures.三、基于煩惱率模型的振動(dòng)舒適度設(shè)計(jì)方法Designmethodforvibrationcomfortbasedonannoyanceratemodel在工程結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)中，振動(dòng)舒適度是一個(gè)至關(guān)重要的考慮因素?；跓缆誓Ｐ偷恼駝?dòng)舒適度設(shè)計(jì)方法，旨在通過量化人體對(duì)振動(dòng)的感知和反應(yīng)，為工程結(jié)構(gòu)的振動(dòng)控制提供新的理論支持和實(shí)踐指導(dǎo)。Inengineeringstructuraldesign,vibrationcomfortisacrucialconsiderationfactor.Thevibrationcomfortdesignmethodbasedontheannoyanceratemodelaimstoprovidenewtheoreticalsupportandpracticalguidanceforvibrationcontrolofengineeringstructuresbyquantifyingthehumanbody'sperceptionandresponsetovibration.煩惱率模型是一種描述人體對(duì)振動(dòng)舒適度感受的數(shù)學(xué)模型。它綜合考慮了振動(dòng)的頻率、振幅和持續(xù)時(shí)間等因素，以及個(gè)體的生理和心理差異，從而能夠較為準(zhǔn)確地預(yù)測(cè)人體在不同振動(dòng)條件下的舒適度感受。Theannoyanceratemodelisamathematicalmodelthatdescribesthehumanbody'sperceptionofvibrationcomfort.Itcomprehensivelyconsidersfactorssuchasfrequency,amplitude,anddurationofvibration,aswellasindividualphysiologicalandpsychologicaldifferences,soastoaccuratelypredictthecomfortsensationofthehumanbodyunderdifferentvibrationconditions.在基于煩惱率模型的振動(dòng)舒適度設(shè)計(jì)方法中，首先需要明確設(shè)計(jì)目標(biāo)，即確定人體在特定振動(dòng)條件下的舒適度閾值。這可以通過對(duì)目標(biāo)人群進(jìn)行振動(dòng)感知實(shí)驗(yàn)，收集和分析實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)，得出不同振動(dòng)條件下的煩惱率曲線。Inthevibrationcomfortdesignmethodbasedontheannoyanceratemodel,thefirststepistoclarifythedesigngoal,whichistodeterminethecomfortthresholdofthehumanbodyunderspecificvibrationconditions.Thiscanbeachievedbyconductingvibrationperceptionexperimentsonthetargetpopulation,collectingandanalyzingexperimentaldata,andobtainingdistressratecurvesunderdifferentvibrationconditions.接下來，根據(jù)設(shè)計(jì)目標(biāo)和煩惱率曲線，可以建立相應(yīng)的振動(dòng)舒適度設(shè)計(jì)準(zhǔn)則。這些準(zhǔn)則可以包括振動(dòng)頻率和振幅的限制，以及振動(dòng)持續(xù)時(shí)間的控制等。這些準(zhǔn)則將為工程結(jié)構(gòu)的振動(dòng)控制提供具體的技術(shù)指導(dǎo)和依據(jù)。Next,basedonthedesignobjectivesandannoyanceratecurve,correspondingvibrationcomfortdesigncriteriacanbeestablished.Thesecriteriacanincludelimitationsonvibrationfrequencyandamplitude,aswellascontrolofvibrationduration.Theseguidelineswillprovidespecifictechnicalguidanceandbasisforvibrationcontrolofengineeringstructures.在具體的設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)踐中，還需要結(jié)合工程結(jié)構(gòu)的實(shí)際情況，如結(jié)構(gòu)類型、使用功能、環(huán)境條件等，對(duì)振動(dòng)舒適度設(shè)計(jì)準(zhǔn)則進(jìn)行細(xì)化和調(diào)整。還需要考慮工程結(jié)構(gòu)的經(jīng)濟(jì)性、可行性和可維護(hù)性等因素，以確保設(shè)計(jì)方案的合理性和可行性。Inspecificdesignpractice,itisalsonecessarytorefineandadjustthevibrationcomfortdesigncriteriabasedontheactualsituationoftheengineeringstructure,suchasstructuraltype,functionaluse,environmentalconditions,etc.Itisalsonecessarytoconsiderfactorssuchastheeconomy,feasibility,andmaintainabilityoftheengineeringstructuretoensuretherationalityandfeasibilityofthedesignscheme.基于煩惱率模型的振動(dòng)舒適度設(shè)計(jì)方法，不僅為工程結(jié)構(gòu)的振動(dòng)控制提供了新的理論支持和實(shí)踐指導(dǎo)，也為提高工程結(jié)構(gòu)的舒適度和使用性能提供了新的思路和方法。未來，隨著該方法的不斷完善和應(yīng)用推廣，相信將在工程結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)領(lǐng)域發(fā)揮越來越重要的作用。Thevibrationcomfortdesignmethodbasedontheannoyanceratemodelnotonlyprovidesnewtheoreticalsupportandpracticalguidanceforvibrationcontrolofengineeringstructures,butalsoprovidesnewideasandmethodsforimprovingthecomfortandperformanceofengineeringstructures.Inthefuture,withthecontinuousimprovementandapplicationpromotionofthismethod,itisbelievedthatitwillplayanincreasinglyimportantroleinthefieldofengineeringstructuraldesign.四、案例分析Caseanalysis為了驗(yàn)證基于煩惱率模型的工程結(jié)構(gòu)振動(dòng)舒適度設(shè)計(jì)新理論的有效性和實(shí)用性，我們選取了兩個(gè)典型的工程結(jié)構(gòu)案例進(jìn)行分析。Inordertoverifytheeffectivenessandpracticalityofthenewtheoryofvibrationcomfortdesignforengineeringstructuresbasedontheannoyanceratemodel,weselectedtwotypicalengineeringstructurecasesforanalysis.該商業(yè)綜合體位于城市中心，集購(gòu)物、餐飲、娛樂等多功能于一體，人流密集，對(duì)振動(dòng)舒適度要求較高。傳統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)往往只關(guān)注結(jié)構(gòu)的安全性，對(duì)振動(dòng)舒適度考慮不足。我們采用基于煩惱率模型的振動(dòng)舒適度設(shè)計(jì)方法，對(duì)該商業(yè)綜合體的結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)。Thiscommercialcomplexislocatedinthecenterofthecity,integratingmultiplefunctionssuchasshopping,dining,andentertainment.Itisdenselypopulatedandrequireshighvibrationcomfort.Traditionalstructuraldesignoftenonlyfocusesonthesafetyofthestructure,withinsufficientconsiderationforvibrationcomfort.Weadoptedavibrationcomfortdesignmethodbasedontheannoyanceratemodeltooptimizethestructureofthecommercialcomplex.我們通過現(xiàn)場(chǎng)調(diào)研和測(cè)試，獲取了商業(yè)綜合體在不同時(shí)間段、不同位置的振動(dòng)數(shù)據(jù)。然后，利用煩惱率模型對(duì)振動(dòng)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分析，得出了不同振動(dòng)水平下人們的煩惱率。根據(jù)分析結(jié)果，我們對(duì)商業(yè)綜合體的結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了調(diào)整，減少了振動(dòng)的產(chǎn)生和傳播。Weobtainedvibrationdataofcommercialcomplexesatdifferenttimeperiodsandlocationsthroughon-siteresearchandtesting.Then,theannoyanceratemodelwasusedtoanalyzethevibrationdataandobtainpeople'sannoyanceratesatdifferentvibrationlevels.Basedontheanalysisresults,wehaveadjustedthestructureofthecommercialcomplextoreducethegenerationandpropagationofvibrations.優(yōu)化后的商業(yè)綜合體在保持結(jié)構(gòu)安全性的同時(shí)，顯著提高了振動(dòng)舒適度。經(jīng)過實(shí)際運(yùn)營(yíng)驗(yàn)證，顧客對(duì)商業(yè)綜合體的整體舒適度評(píng)價(jià)明顯提高，商業(yè)氛圍更加活躍，經(jīng)營(yíng)效益也得到了顯著提升。Theoptimizedcommercialcomplexsignificantlyimprovesvibrationcomfortwhilemaintainingstructuralsafety.Afterpracticaloperationverification,theoverallcomfortevaluationofcommercialcomplexesbycustomershassignificantlyimproved,thebusinessatmospherehasbecomemoreactive,andtheoperatingefficiencyhasalsobeensignificantlyimproved.該高速公路橋梁跨越一條河流，是連接城市之間的重要交通要道。由于橋梁跨度較大，車輛通行時(shí)產(chǎn)生的振動(dòng)對(duì)周邊環(huán)境和居民的生活造成了一定影響。傳統(tǒng)的橋梁設(shè)計(jì)往往只關(guān)注橋梁的承載能力和安全性，對(duì)振動(dòng)舒適度考慮不足。我們采用基于煩惱率模型的振動(dòng)舒適度設(shè)計(jì)方法，對(duì)該高速公路橋梁的結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)。Thehighwaybridgespansariverandisanimportanttransportationarteryconnectingcities.Duetothelargespanofthebridge,thevibrationgeneratedbyvehicletraffichasacertainimpactonthesurroundingenvironmentandthelivesofresidents.Traditionalbridgedesignoftenonlyfocusesonthebearingcapacityandsafetyofthebridge,withinsufficientconsiderationforvibrationcomfort.Weadoptedavibrationcomfortdesignmethodbasedontheannoyanceratemodeltooptimizethestructureofthehighwaybridge.我們對(duì)橋梁在不同車輛類型、不同車速下的振動(dòng)情況進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)分析。然后，利用煩惱率模型對(duì)振動(dòng)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分析，得出了不同振動(dòng)水平下人們的煩惱率。根據(jù)分析結(jié)果，我們對(duì)橋梁的結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了調(diào)整，減少了振動(dòng)的產(chǎn)生和傳播。Wehaveconductedadetailedanalysisofthevibrationofbridgesunderdifferentvehicletypesandspeeds.Then,theannoyanceratemodelwasusedtoanalyzethevibrationdataandobtainpeople'sannoyanceratesatdifferentvibrationlevels.Basedontheanalysisresults,wehaveadjustedthestructureofthebridgetoreducethegenerationandpropagationofvibration.優(yōu)化后的高速公路橋梁在保持承載能力和安全性的顯著降低了振動(dòng)對(duì)周邊環(huán)境和居民的影響。經(jīng)過實(shí)際運(yùn)營(yíng)驗(yàn)證，周邊居民對(duì)橋梁的振動(dòng)舒適度評(píng)價(jià)明顯提高，生活質(zhì)量得到了顯著改善。橋梁的通行效率也得到了提升，為城市交通的順暢運(yùn)行做出了貢獻(xiàn)。Theoptimizedhighwaybridgesignificantlyreducestheimpactofvibrationonthesurroundingenvironmentandresidentswhilemaintainingitsbearingcapacityandsafety.Afterpracticaloperationverification,thevibrationcomfortevaluationofthebridgebysurroundingresidentshassignificantlyimproved,andthequalityoflifehasbeensignificantlyimproved.Thetrafficefficiencyofbridgeshasalsobeenimproved,contributingtothesmoothoperationofurbantransportation.通過以上兩個(gè)案例的分析，我們可以看出基于煩惱率模型的工程結(jié)構(gòu)振動(dòng)舒適度設(shè)計(jì)新理論在實(shí)際應(yīng)用中具有顯著的優(yōu)勢(shì)和效果。它不僅能夠提高工程結(jié)構(gòu)的振動(dòng)舒適度，還能為工程結(jié)構(gòu)的優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)提供新的思路和方法。因此，我們建議在未來的工程結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)中廣泛應(yīng)用這一新理論，以提高工程結(jié)構(gòu)的綜合性能和人們的生活質(zhì)量。Throughtheanalysisoftheabovetwocases,wecanseethatthenewtheoryofvibrationcomfortdesignforengineeringstructuresbasedontheannoyanceratemodelhassignificantadvantagesandeffectsinpracticalapplications.Itcannotonlyimprovethevibrationcomfortofengineeringstructures,butalsoprovidenewideasandmethodsfortheoptimizationdesignofengineeringstructures.Therefore,wesuggestwidelyapplyingthisnewtheoryinfutureengineeringstructuraldesigntoimprovethecomprehensiveperformanceofengineeringstructuresandpeople'squalityoflife.五、結(jié)論與展望ConclusionandOutlook本文提出了基于煩惱率模型的工程結(jié)構(gòu)振動(dòng)舒適度設(shè)計(jì)新理論，旨在解決傳統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)理論在振動(dòng)舒適度方面的不足。通過理論分析和實(shí)際應(yīng)用，驗(yàn)證了該理論的有效性和優(yōu)越性。研究結(jié)果表明，基于煩惱率模型的舒適度設(shè)計(jì)方法能夠更準(zhǔn)確地評(píng)估結(jié)構(gòu)振動(dòng)對(duì)人體的影響，為工程結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)提供了更加科學(xué)、合理的依據(jù)。同時(shí)，該理論還具有很好的可操作性和實(shí)用性，能夠?yàn)楣こ處熖峁└颖憬?、高效的設(shè)計(jì)工具。Thisarticleproposesanewtheoryforvibrationcomfortdesignofengineeringstructuresbasedontheannoyanceratemodel,aimingtoaddresstheshortcomingsoftraditionaldesigntheoriesinvibrationcomfort.Theeffectivenessandsuperiorityofthistheoryhavebeenverifiedthroughtheoreticalanalysisandpracticalapplication.Theresearchresultsindicatethatthecomfortdesignmethodbasedontheannoyanceratemodelcanmoreaccuratelyevaluatetheimpactofstructuralvibrationonthehumanbody,providingamorescientificandreasonablebasisforengineeringstructuraldesign.Meanwhile,thistheoryalsohasgoodoperabilityandpracticality,providingengineerswithmoreconvenientandefficientdesigntools.雖然本文在基于煩惱率模型的工程結(jié)構(gòu)振動(dòng)舒適度設(shè)計(jì)新理論方面取得了一定的研究成果，但仍有許多方面需要進(jìn)一步深入研究和探討。需要進(jìn)一步完善煩惱率模型的構(gòu)建方法，提高其準(zhǔn)確性和適用性。需要研究更加有效的振動(dòng)隔離和減震技術(shù)，以提高工