五大基本句式的成分劃分練習(xí)

PAGEPAGE5基本句型一主語(yǔ)—系動(dòng)詞—表語(yǔ)（SVC）英文中常見的系動(dòng)詞主要有：become,look,seem,appear,get,feel,grow,turn,remain,come,fall,hold,keep,stand,stay,smell,sound,taste等。系動(dòng)詞后接的部分可稱為表語(yǔ)或（主語(yǔ)）補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，主要是用來(lái)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)、特征、職業(yè)、年齡等等。Thismachineisingoodcondition.這臺(tái)機(jī)器的情況良好。Thegardensmellspleasant.這座花園香氣怡人。Silkfeelssoftandsmooth.絲綢摸起來(lái)又軟又滑。二、主語(yǔ)—?jiǎng)釉~（SV）這種句型中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞，沒(méi)有直接賓語(yǔ)；但常帶有狀語(yǔ)。Thewaterisboiling. Theyhavebeenwaitingthereforhours.Thetrainwillleavesoon. Theflagsarewavinginthewind.三、主語(yǔ)—?jiǎng)釉~—賓語(yǔ)（SVO）這一句型中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是及物動(dòng)詞，必須帶有自己的賓語(yǔ)。Hehasasister. Theywantedtohavearest.Shesuccessfullycarriedoutherplan.四、主語(yǔ)—?jiǎng)釉~—賓語(yǔ)—賓語(yǔ)（SVOO）此句型中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后接兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)：前一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)稱為”間接賓語(yǔ)”，多由代詞或名詞充當(dāng)；后一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)稱為”直接賓語(yǔ)”，往往由名詞充當(dāng)。這類句型常有”給某人某物”、”送某人某物”、”留給某人某物”等意思。常見的這類謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有g(shù)ive,bring,tell,send,leave,pass,write,take,show,teach,get,award,lend,rent,buy,pay),hand,recommend等。Shebroughtmeashirt. Passhimthedictionary,please.Ilendhimmybicycle.五、主語(yǔ)—?jiǎng)釉~—賓語(yǔ)—賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)（SVOC）在這一結(jié)構(gòu)中，賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)是對(duì)賓語(yǔ)”做什么”、”怎么樣”等方面進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明。賓語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是”動(dòng)賓關(guān)系”，而賓語(yǔ)和它的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)在邏輯上卻是”主謂關(guān)系”。賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)可由名詞、形容詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、分詞或介詞短語(yǔ)擔(dān)當(dāng)。Weelectedhimourmonitor. Thenewsmademehappy.PresidentappointedJohnmanagerofMarketing. Heheardsomebodyopeningthedoor.Weknowhimtobeanexpert.Thestorymadeuslaugh.Ifoundmyselfindark.V.句子的成分構(gòu)成句子的基本成分叫做句子成分。句子成分可分為主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ),表語(yǔ),定語(yǔ),狀語(yǔ),同位語(yǔ)。它們可以由單詞來(lái)?yè)?dān)任,也可以由詞組以及句子來(lái)?yè)?dān)任。主語(yǔ)一個(gè)句子中所要表達(dá)、描述的人或物，是句子的主體。Iworkhere. Sheisanewteacher.Heisinchargeofalimitedcompany.主語(yǔ)可以由名詞,代詞,數(shù)詞,動(dòng)詞不定式,動(dòng)名詞,名詞化形容詞,分詞,從句,短語(yǔ)等來(lái)?yè)?dān)任。Thebookisonthedesk. Whentobeginisnotknownyet.Thewoundedhasbeentakentothehospital.謂語(yǔ)用來(lái)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)做了什么動(dòng)作或處在什么狀態(tài)。謂語(yǔ)可以由動(dòng)詞來(lái)?yè)?dān)任,一般放在主語(yǔ)的后面。Thechildhasbeenbroughtupbyhismother. Wedon’tknowhimverywell.ShespeaksEnglishfluently.表語(yǔ)是用來(lái)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì),身份,特征和狀態(tài)。表語(yǔ)須和連系動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成句子的復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)。表語(yǔ)一般放在系動(dòng)詞之后。表語(yǔ)可以由名詞,形容詞或起名詞和形容詞作用的詞和短語(yǔ)擔(dān)任。Thesedesksareyellow. Wearehappynow.Thedictionaryisinthebag. Myquestionishowyouknewhim.賓語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作所涉及的對(duì)象,它是動(dòng)作的承受者。賓語(yǔ)可以由名詞或起名詞作用的成分擔(dān)任，賓語(yǔ)一般放在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后面。Isawacatinthetree. Iwanttogoshopping.Wethinkyouareright.有些及物動(dòng)詞可以有兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ),其中一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)多指人,另一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)指物,指人的賓語(yǔ)叫做間接賓語(yǔ),指物的賓語(yǔ)叫做直接賓語(yǔ),可以帶兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有bring,give,show,send,pass,tell等。間接賓語(yǔ)一般放在直接賓語(yǔ)的前面,如果強(qiáng)調(diào)直接賓語(yǔ)可把直接賓語(yǔ)放在間接賓語(yǔ)的前面,但間接賓語(yǔ)前須加"to"。Myfatherboughtmeabook. Givetherubbertome.PleasegivethelettertoXiaoLi.有些及物動(dòng)詞除跟一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)外，還需要加上賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),否則意思不完整,它們一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語(yǔ),復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)中賓語(yǔ)和后面的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)有一種邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，這也是判斷是兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)還是復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的依據(jù),賓語(yǔ)可以由名詞或起名詞作用的詞擔(dān)任。WeallcallhimLaoWang. Pleasecoloritred.Wefoundthelittlegirlinthehill.定語(yǔ)用于描述名詞，代詞，短語(yǔ)或從句的性質(zhì)、特征范圍等情況的詞叫做定語(yǔ)；定語(yǔ)可以由名詞，形容詞和起名詞和形容詞作用的詞、短語(yǔ)擔(dān)任。如果定語(yǔ)是單個(gè)詞，定語(yǔ)放在被修飾詞的前面，如果是詞組，定語(yǔ)放在被修飾詞的后面。Thatisabeautifulflower. Thisismybook,notyourbook.Ihavealotofthingstodo.狀語(yǔ)英語(yǔ)中,修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞等的句子成分叫狀語(yǔ)（adverbial)。狀語(yǔ)說(shuō)明地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、方向、程度、方式和伴隨狀況等。狀語(yǔ)一般由副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、分詞和分詞短語(yǔ)、不定式或相當(dāng)于副詞的詞或短語(yǔ)來(lái)?yè)?dān)當(dāng)。其位置一般放在句末，但也可放在句首或句中。

HespeaksEnglishverywell.Tenyearsago,ShebegantoliveinDalian.

Heisplayingunderthetree.同位語(yǔ)當(dāng)兩個(gè)指同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置時(shí)，一個(gè)句子成分可被用來(lái)說(shuō)明或解釋另一個(gè)句子成分，前者就叫做后者的同位語(yǔ)（appositive）。這兩個(gè)句子成分多由名詞（代詞）擔(dān)任，同位語(yǔ)通常皆放在其說(shuō)明的名詞（代詞）之后。Thenewsthatyoutoldmeyesterdaywasreallyexciting.IwillneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedthearmy.Mr.Smith,ournewteacher,isverykindtous.句子成分練習(xí)題(一)(一).指出下列句中主語(yǔ)的中心詞（4分，4分鐘）①Theteacherwithtwoofhisstudentsiswalkingintotheclassroom.②Thereisanoldmancominghere.③Theusefuldictionarywasgivenbymymotherlastyear.④Todotoday'shomeworkwithouttheteacher'shelpisverydifficult.(二)選出句中謂語(yǔ)的中心詞（10分，10分鐘）①Idon'tlikethepictureonthewall.A.don'tB.likeC.pictureD.wall②Thedaysgetlongerandlongerwhensummercomes.A.getB.longerC.daysD.summer③Doyouusuallygotoschoolbybus?A.DoB.usuallyC.goD.bus④Therewillbeameetingatthelibrarythisafternoon.A.willbeB.meetingC.thelibraryD.afternoon⑤Didthetwinshaveporridgefortheirbreakfast?A.DidB.twinsC.haveD.breakfast⑥Tomdidn'tdohishomeworkyesterday.A.TomB.didn'tC.doD.hishomework⑦WhatIwanttotellyouisthis.A.wantB.totellC.youD.is⑧Wehadbettersendforadoctor.A.WeB.hadC.sendD.doctor⑨Heisinterestedinmusic.A.isB.interestedC.inD.music⑩Whomdidyougivemybookto?A.giveB.didC.whomD.book(三)挑出下列句中的賓語(yǔ)（10分，10分鐘）①M(fèi)ybrotherhasn'tdonehishomework.②PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.③Youmustpaygoodattentiontoyourpronunciation.④Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?⑤Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming,howaboutyou?⑥Theoldmansittingatthegatesaidhewasill.⑦Theymadehimmonitoroftheclass.⑧Goacrossthebridgeandyouwillfindthemuseumontheleft.⑨Youwillfinditusefulafteryouleaveschool.⑩Theydidn'tknowwho"FatherChristmas"reallyis.(四)挑出下列句中的表語(yǔ)（5分，5分鐘）①Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired.②WhyisheworriedaboutJim?③Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.④SoonTheyallbecameinterestedinthesubject.⑤Shewasthefirsttolearnaboutit.(五)挑出下列句中的定語(yǔ)（6分，6分鐘）①TheyuseMr,Mrswiththefamilyname.②Whatisyourgivenname?③OnthethirdlapareClass1andClass3.④Iamafraidsomepeopleforgottosweepthefloor.⑤Themandownstairswastryingtosleep.⑥Iamwaitingforthesoundoftheothershoe!(六)挑出下列句中的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)（6分，6分鐘）①Shelikesthechildrentoreadnewspapersandbooksinthereading-room.②Heaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.③Shefounditdifficulttodothework.④TheycallmeLilysometimes.⑤IsawMrWanggetonthebus.⑥D(zhuǎn)idyouseeLiMingplayingfootballontheplaygroundjustnow?(七)挑出下列句中的狀語(yǔ)（8分，8分鐘）①Therewasabigsmileonherface.②Everynightheheardthenoiseupstairs.③HebegantolearnEnglishwhenhewaseleven.④Themanonthemotorbikewastravellingtoofast.⑤Withthemedicineboxunderherarm,MissLihurriedoff.⑥Shelovesthelibrarybecauseshelovesbooks.⑦Iamafraidthatifyou'velostit,youmustpayforit.⑧ThestudentsfollowedUncleWangtoseetheothermachine.(八)劃出句中的直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)（5分，5分鐘）①Pleasetellusastory.②Myfatherboughtanewbikeformelastweek.③MrLiisgoingtoteachushistorynextterm.④Hereisapen.GiveittoTom.⑤Didheleaveanymessageforme?句子成分練習(xí)題(二)指出下列句子中劃線部分的句子成分：1.Whetherwe’llgodependontheweather.2.People’sstandardsoflivingaregoingupsteadily.3.Thatwashowtheyweredefeated.4.Thenurserytakesgoodcareofourchildren.5.I’llreturnthebooktoyoutomorrow.6.Wearesurethatweshallsucceed.7.Thewomanwithababyinherarmsishisother.8.TherearemanyfilmthatI’dliketosee.9.Haveyoumetthepersonaboutwhomhewasspeaking?10.Ihavealotofworktodo.AnywayIwon’tstopyoufromdoingit.Isaiditinfun.Wecansendacarovertofetchyou.Shehadtoworkstandingup.Seeingthis,somecomradesbecameveryworried.Muchinterested,heagreedtogiveitatry.Thebusarrivedtenminuteslate.Weshouldservethepeopleheartandsoul.Springcomingon,thetreeturnedgreen.Somefarmerssawsomethingstrangeinthesky.Wethinkitnecessarythateveryoneshouldattendthemeeting.It’sstrangethatshedoesn’tcometoday.ItwasinthelibrarythatIcometoday.Helikesdrawingattimeswhenheisn’tworking.Weleftinsuchahurrythatweforgottolockthedoor.句子成分練習(xí)題(三)A1、_sixyearssinceIbegantostudyEnglish.

A.ItisB.IhavebeenC.ThereareD.Itwas2、___intheroomatthattime.

A.NobodywasB.SomeonewereC.WhoisD.Heare3、IT'Sverynoisyoutside.___isgoingon?

A.WhoB.WhatC.WhichD.Where4、___inEnglishinclasseverydayisimportant.

A.SpeakB.TalkingC.SayingD.Totell5、Theremustbe____nearthefactory.

A.abookstoreB.bookstoreC.booksstoreD.booksstores6、Althoughit'sraininghard,___arestillworkinginthefields.

A.buttheyB.andtheyC.theyD.sincethey

B1、Thedoctoraswellasthenurses___greatconcernforthepatients.

A.showB.showsC.haveshownD.areshowing2、Yoursonmustbeacleverboy,___he?

A.isB.isn'tC.mustD.mustn't3、Thecomputercenter,___lastyear,isverypopularamongstudentsinthisschool.

A.openB.openingC.openedD.beingopened4、I___gototheshoptoday,forthereisalotoffoodathome.

A.mustn'tB.hadtoC.can'tD.needn't5、Don't___excited.

A.getB.isC.seemD.look6Thisroom___everymorning.

A.iscleaningB.iscleanedC.cleansD.cleaning

C1、Gladtomeetyou!___isyourfullname?

A.WhatB.WhereC.HowD.Who2、Heis___tolifttheheavybox.

A.tooweakB.weaktooC.enoughweakD.weakenough3、Thedaysare___warmerandwarmerinspring.

A.gettingB.lookingC.seemingD.going4、Hisjobis____English.

A.teachB.toteachC.taughtD.teaches5、Twoballsare___.

A.underthedeskB.inthewallC.tohereD.atdesks

D1、Weshouldgetready___others.

A.helpingB.tohelpC.helpD.helpwith2、___interestingworkwearedoing?

A.WhataB.HowC.WhatD.Whatan3、Iwant___ateacherwhenIgrowup(-fx;fc).

A.tobeB.toC.beD.being4、-Wouldyouliketogoonapicnicwithmetoday?

-Idon'tthinkso.Tobehonest,Ireallydon'tfeellike___ona

picnic.

A.goingB.togoC.goD.went5Doyouknow___?

A.wheredoesheliveB.wherehelives

C.whereheliveD.ifwherehelives6Let____doitagain.

A.IB.meC.heD.she7Idon'tknow___.

A.howtodoB.whattodoC.wheretodoD.whentodo

E1、Isawhim___basketballwithJackanhourago.

A.playsB.toplayC.playedD.playo2、Sorry,we'vekeptyou___foralongtime.

A.waitedB.singC.standD.waiting3、Theteachertoldus____lateagain.

A.aren'tbeB.don'tbeC.nottobeD.notbe4、Wefindtheroomvery___.

A.warmB.warmlyC.terriblyD.hardly

F1、Ifound___difficulttoworktogetherwithhim.

A.itB.itsC.thatD.those2、Weallknow___ourdutytocleanourclassroomafterschooleveryday.

A.thatB.thisC.whichD.it3、Hefound___veryinterestingtoplaywiththelittledog.

A.whatB.itC./D.that

G1Tomsaidhe___agooddreamyesterdayevening.

A.dreamB.dreamedC.haveD.has2Children___ahappylifeinChina.

A.leadB.livingC.hasD.leading

H1America,JapanandCanadaare___countries.

A.developingB.developedC.lessdevelopedD.develop2-_skirtisthatonthechair?

-Letmesee.Oh,no,it'snotmine.

A.WhoseB.WhatC.Who'sD.Which3Doyouhaveanything___?

A.sayingB.to^ayC.saidD.say4Look,thereisan___treebythewall.

A.appleB.apple'sC.apples'D.apples5Whereis____seat?

A.yoursB.yourC.youD.yourselves

I1Theboxis___heavyforher___carry.

A.very;toB.too;notto

C.too;toD.verytoo;to2-___didyoubuythenewbag?

-LastMonday.

A.WhereB.HowC.WhenD.Who3Youcanseethesesignsinahospital.___canyouseethem?

A.WhereelseB.Whereplaceelse

C.WhereelseplaceD.Elsewhere4Theywentout___theiroldfriends.

A.visitB.visitingC.tovisitD.visited5Thereisawideriver____ourvillage.

A.outsideB.overC.fromD.below

J1Theyoungman,___worksintheoffice.

A