2023年高考卷英語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)難句分析課件高三英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)

高考英語(yǔ)

長(zhǎng)難句分析選自2023高考真題閱讀01/02/寫作句式拓展練習(xí)長(zhǎng)難句分析

練習(xí)

CONTENTRevision——三長(zhǎng)兩短一平行的標(biāo)記原則主干三長(zhǎng)兩短一平行主謂SV介詞短語(yǔ)非謂語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)從句形容詞副詞并列結(jié)構(gòu)主謂賓SVO主謂賓賓SVOO主謂賓補(bǔ)SVOC主系表SLPCompulsory(括號(hào)原則)不做標(biāo)記△下劃線※同位語(yǔ)、插入語(yǔ)、強(qiáng)調(diào)句、省略句、倒裝句的嵌套R(shí)evision——“一括二劃三會(huì)意”三步法①去繁存簡(jiǎn)抓主干無(wú)論句子多長(zhǎng),結(jié)構(gòu)多么復(fù)雜,句子都是由一些基本成分組成的。因此突破長(zhǎng)難句的關(guān)鍵在于先找到句子的主干,再分析其他成分②借助連詞/引導(dǎo)詞劃意群運(yùn)用語(yǔ)法知識(shí),借助連詞/引導(dǎo)詞的提示,將長(zhǎng)句分解成若干意群,以降低理解難度③調(diào)整語(yǔ)序明句意理解句意時(shí),應(yīng)注意英、漢兩種語(yǔ)言的差異,合理調(diào)整語(yǔ)序。Revision——攻克三個(gè)“攔路虎”①

非簡(jiǎn)單句并列句：句子+并列連詞(and,but,or,while,so,notonly...butalso...,either...or...等)十句子主從復(fù)合句：主從復(fù)合句中的三大從句為:定語(yǔ)從句、名詞性從句和狀語(yǔ)從句。②非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))在句中可作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)，主要形式為：todo，doing，done。③非正常語(yǔ)序非正常語(yǔ)序的句子主要指倒裝句和強(qiáng)調(diào)句。高考長(zhǎng)難句分析11.Apersonisthoughttodevelopahabitinthecourseofpursuinggoalsbybeginningtoassociatecertaincues(刺激)withbehaviouralresponsesthathelpmeetthegoal.(2023年北京卷閱讀表達(dá))本句為主從復(fù)合句。主干：Apersonisthoughttodevelopahabit。其修飾成分為：①

in

thecourseofpursuinggoals②

bybeginningtoassociatecertaincueswithbehaviouralresponses③

thathelpmeetthegoal翻譯：人們認(rèn)為，一個(gè)人在追求目標(biāo)的過(guò)程中，會(huì)將某些特定的刺激與有助于實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)的行為反應(yīng)聯(lián)系起來(lái)，從而養(yǎng)成一種習(xí)慣。2.Thekeyfindingofthestudywasthatwhencrowdswerefurtherdividedintosmallergroupsthatwereallowedtohaveadiscussion,theaveragesfromthesegroupsweremoreaccuratethanthosefromanequalnumberofindependentindividuals.（2023年新高考I卷閱讀理解D篇）本句含有多個(gè)從句。主句：Thekeyfindingofthestudywas...。①that引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句，that在句子中不作成分，無(wú)含義，該從句的主干是theaveragesweremoreaccurate。②

when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。③that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞smallergroups。翻譯：該研究最重要的發(fā)現(xiàn)是，當(dāng)人群被進(jìn)一步分成更小的組，允許彼此進(jìn)行討論時(shí)，這些小組的平均結(jié)果比同等數(shù)量獨(dú)立個(gè)體的平均結(jié)果更加準(zhǔn)確。3.Inpartone,Idescribethephilosophicalfoundationsofdigitalminimalism,startingwithanexaminationoftheforcesthataremakingsomanypeople’sdigitallivesincreasinglyintolerable,beforemovingontoadetaileddiscussionofthedigitalminimalismphilosophy.（2023年新高考I卷閱讀理解C篇）本句是主從復(fù)合句。主句：Idescribethephilosophicalfoundationsofdigitalminimalism。①

starting作非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于whichstartwith...；其中，that引導(dǎo)的是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾theforces。②

moving作非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)，且與①形成先后順序的邏輯關(guān)系。③

注意在英譯漢中，定語(yǔ)從句和“名介名”的短語(yǔ)需要從后往前翻。翻譯：在第一部分里，我描述了數(shù)字極簡(jiǎn)主義的哲學(xué)基礎(chǔ)，首先分析了讓許多人的數(shù)字生活越來(lái)越難以忍受的因素，然后詳細(xì)探討了什么是數(shù)字極簡(jiǎn)主義哲學(xué)。4.TheCaribbeanTaino,theAustralianAboriginals,theAfricanpeopleofBeninandtheIncas,allofwhomappearinthisbook,canspeaktousnowoftheirpastachievementsmostpowerfullythroughtheobjectstheymade:ahistorytoldthroughthingsgivesthembackavoice.（2023年全國(guó)乙卷閱讀理解D篇）本句是主從復(fù)合句。主句：TheCT,AA,AP,Icanspeaktous。①

allofwhom引導(dǎo)的是定語(yǔ)從句。②

speak(tosb.)ofsth.意為“談?wù)?，提?..”。③

throughtheobjectstheymade作方式狀語(yǔ)，theymade是定語(yǔ)從句，省略了關(guān)聯(lián)詞that。④ahistorytoldthroughthingsgivesthembackavoice中toldthroughthings作定語(yǔ)，修飾history。翻譯：加勒比海的泰諾人、澳大利亞的原住民、非洲的貝寧人和印加人，所有這些出現(xiàn)在本書中的人們，都可以通過(guò)他們制造的物品最有力地向我們講述他們過(guò)往的成就：通過(guò)物品講述的歷史讓他們重新得到了發(fā)聲的機(jī)會(huì)。5.Thegoalofthisbookistomakethecasefordigitalminimalism,includingadetailedexplorationofwhatitasksandwhyitworks,andthentoteachyouhowtoadoptthisphilosophyifyoudecideit’srightforyou.（2023年新高考I卷閱讀理解C篇）本句是主從復(fù)合句。主句：Thegoalistomake...andthentoteach...。①

makethecaseforsth意為“說(shuō)明某物的情況”。②

including引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)用來(lái)補(bǔ)充具體內(nèi)容，后面只能加名詞(性短語(yǔ))。③

why&who&how引導(dǎo)的是賓語(yǔ)從句；work作為動(dòng)詞時(shí)意為“起作用，生效”。④

if引導(dǎo)的是條件狀語(yǔ)從句。⑤it’srightforyou是decide的賓語(yǔ)從句，省略了關(guān)聯(lián)詞that。翻譯：本書的目的是說(shuō)明數(shù)字極簡(jiǎn)主義的理由，包括詳細(xì)探討它有何要求，以及為什么有效，然后教你如何應(yīng)用這種哲學(xué)，如果你確定適合自己。6.EventhoughBritainhasareputationforless-than-impressivecuisine,itisproducingmoretopclasschefswhoappearfrequentlyonourtelevisionscreensandwhoserecipebooksfrequentlytopthebestsellerlists.（2023年全國(guó)乙卷閱讀理解C篇）本句是主從復(fù)合句。本句雖然較長(zhǎng)，但是結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單，只需找準(zhǔn)結(jié)構(gòu)既可快速拆分句子，理解整體大意。主句：itisproducingmoretopclasschefs。①

eventhough引導(dǎo)的是條件狀語(yǔ)從句。②

who&whose作為并列的定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞chefs。③

top在本句中作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，意為“登上頂峰，名列前茅”。翻譯：盡管英國(guó)的菜肴有個(gè)不怎么樣的名聲，但是越來(lái)越多的頂級(jí)廚師來(lái)自英國(guó)，他們經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)在電視屏幕上，他們的食譜經(jīng)常在暢銷書列表上名列前茅。8.Still,lookingbackonthephotos,theyaresomeofmybestshotsthoughtheycouldhavebeensomuchbetterifIwouldhavebeenpreparedandmanagedmytimewisely.（2023年全國(guó)乙卷閱讀理解B篇）本句是主從復(fù)合句。主句：theyaresomeofmybestshots。①

lookingback引導(dǎo)的是現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)，意為“回顧”。②

thought引導(dǎo)的是讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。③if引導(dǎo)的是條件狀語(yǔ)從句；wouldhavedone為虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示“本應(yīng)該，本能夠”，指代與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反。翻譯：不過(guò)，回顧這些照片，它們是我拍得最好的照片，雖然如果我能做好準(zhǔn)備并且合理管理時(shí)間，它們可能會(huì)好得多?！菊骖}再現(xiàn)】HowdoestheauthorfindhisphotostakenatDevil’sLake?A.Amusing.

B.Satisfying.

C.Encouraging.

D.Comforting.10.Ratherthansettingplansinstone,I’velearnedthatsometimesIneedtotaketheopportunitiesthatareoffered,eveniftheydon’tsoundperfectatthetime,andmakethemostofthem.（2023年北京卷閱讀理解B篇）本句是主從復(fù)合句。主句：I’velearnedthatIneedtotaketheopportunitiesandmakethemostofthem。①

ratherthan作狀語(yǔ)，是直接被轉(zhuǎn)折短語(yǔ)否定掉的信息，側(cè)重的內(nèi)容在后面；set...instone意為“板上釘釘”。②

learned后的that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句；而opportunities后的that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。③

evenif引導(dǎo)的是讓步狀語(yǔ)從句；and連接的是并列句。翻譯：我明白了有時(shí)需要去抓住出現(xiàn)的機(jī)會(huì)，并且充分利用它們，而不是一成不變地按照計(jì)劃做，即使這些機(jī)會(huì)當(dāng)時(shí)聽起來(lái)并不完美。寫作長(zhǎng)難句拓展201追加成分注意：“1.詞數(shù)80左右；2.可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫”?！康模簲U(kuò)展句子，充實(shí)文章※方法：在要點(diǎn)句基礎(chǔ)上適當(dāng)增加合乎邏輯的附加成分，如定語(yǔ)(從句)、狀語(yǔ)(從句)(如目的、條件、原因、結(jié)果、方式等)、非謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)、舉例等，使表達(dá)更豐滿，內(nèi)容更充實(shí)，主題更突出?！攸c(diǎn)：結(jié)構(gòu)多變，句式多樣1.(提醒演講參賽選手)要守時(shí)、講衛(wèi)生、守紀(jì)律。Pleasearriveontime,keepquietanddon'tlitteraround.→Pleasearrivethereontime,

for

whoever

is

late

won'tbeallowed

to

enter(因?yàn)檫t到的人不讓進(jìn)).It'sbad

manners

to

litter

around.

Andalwayskeepquiet

while

waiting

for

your

turn

(在等待輪到你的時(shí)候).2.(演講注意事項(xiàng))要面帶微笑；要講慢些，講清楚。Besuretowearasmileonyourface.Besides,remembertospeakslowlyandclearly.→Besuretowearasmileonyourface

when

you

speak(當(dāng)你說(shuō)話的時(shí)候),

whichwillmakeyourelaxed(這能使你放松).Besides,remembertospeakslowlyandclearlysothatyoucanleaveagoodimpressiononthe

audience

and

judges(這樣子你可以給觀眾和裁判留下好印象).Asweallknow,thereisaChineseclassicalmusicconcertthatwillbeheldinthemusichallofourschoolonNovember8th.Accordingtotheconcertposter,manymusicmasterpieceswillbeplayedbyafamousband.2．(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ書面表達(dá))(介紹語(yǔ)言能力)克服語(yǔ)言障礙。TheEnglishshortfilmismainlyrelatedtothedevelopmentofourschool,whichwillgreatlyhelpusstudents

knowtheschool's

historybetterandappealtoustomakecontributionstoourschool'sdevelopment.5．(2018·北京高考書面表達(dá))(咨詢來(lái)北京上大學(xué))建議你上北京大學(xué)，中國(guó)文學(xué)專業(yè)適合你。02補(bǔ)加語(yǔ)句補(bǔ)加語(yǔ)句是常見的“增加細(xì)節(jié)”的方法，這可以使文章顯得錯(cuò)落有致，這樣不僅使文章在形式上增加美感，而且使文章讀起來(lái)鏗鏘有力，從而使作文在內(nèi)容上更加連貫、豐滿?！康模撼鋵?shí)文章，增強(qiáng)連貫性※方法：根據(jù)行文走向，適當(dāng)增加一些與主題相關(guān)的語(yǔ)句，或由要點(diǎn)衍生的句子，既起到前引后聯(lián)的作用，又能補(bǔ)充一些相關(guān)信息，幫助閱卷者理解所寫內(nèi)容。同時(shí)，還能協(xié)調(diào)句式，避免句式單調(diào)的問(wèn)題※特色：協(xié)調(diào)句式，結(jié)構(gòu)多樣技法1列舉具體的實(shí)例進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明①我喜歡讀書。Ilikereadingbooks,+suchasnovels,shortstories,magazinesandnewspapers.②我要花一些時(shí)間和父母在一起。I'llspendsometimestayingwithmyparents.+chattingwiththemanddoingsomehousework.③我想找一個(gè)像我一樣喜歡旅行的筆友。I'dliketoseekapenpalwhoisinterestedintravelingjustlikeme.+Ifpossible,wecantraveltogetherorshareourunforgettabletravelingexperiences.技法2增添與所寫信息相關(guān)的神態(tài)、動(dòng)作、心理描寫以及背景渲染等內(nèi)容①我有時(shí)去村西的小河游泳。Igoswimmingintheriverofthewestofthevillagenowandthen.+Thewaterintheriverisveryclear.(背景渲染)+Weatherpermitting,Igoswimmingintheriverofthewestofthevillagenowandthen.(相關(guān)條件)②旅行了一周后，他回到了家。Afteraweek'strip,hereturnedhome.+tiredbutveryhappy.(心理描寫)技法3增加相關(guān)信息的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)等內(nèi)容①我要和父母一起去超市購(gòu)物。I'mgoingtodosomeshoppingwithmyparentsinthesupermarket.+andwon'tbebackuntilabout5:00intheafternoon.(增加時(shí)間)②我已經(jīng)帶來(lái)了你讓我歸還的這兩本書。Ihavetakenwithmethetwobooksyouaskedmetoreturn.+totheCityLibrary.(增加地點(diǎn))③(談?wù)撋瓶钣猛?募捐得來(lái)的錢將送給最急需的人。Themoneycollectedinthecharitysalewillbesenttothoseingreatneed.+Thiswillnotonlyhelpthemgetthroughdifficulties,butalsogivethemwarmthandhappiness.(增加意義)1．(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ書面表達(dá))(介紹音樂(lè)節(jié)的情況)As

scheduled,

the

festival

will

start

at

9:00

August

15th.

(1)

It

will

last

two

and

a

half

hours.

(持續(xù)時(shí)長(zhǎng))(2)

Additionally,

we

will

be

fully

absorbed

in

the

attractive

and

fascinating

performances.

(活動(dòng)內(nèi)容)(3)

And

at

the

same

time

we

will

sit

on

the

grass

and

enjoy

the

tasty

food

and

drinks

provided

by

sponsors.

(其它活動(dòng))(4)

Furthermore,

we

also

expect

to

see

you

on

the

stage

then.

(表達(dá)期待)2．(說(shuō)明自己所擅長(zhǎng)的兩項(xiàng)技藝)As

a

Chinese,

I'm

good

at

many

skills

related

to

our

traditional

culture.

But

among

them,

Tai

chi

is

my

favorite

because

it

does

much

good

to

my

health.(1)

I'm

sure

American

friends

will

be

also

crazy

about

it

after

they

touch

it.

(這項(xiàng)技能對(duì)競(jìng)選這一職位的好處)And

as

you

know,

Chinese

cooking

is

popular

all

over

the

world.

(2)

It

happens

that

I'm

expert

at

it,

and

I'm

glad

to

present

some

traditional

Chinese

dishes

to

everybody.(這項(xiàng)技能對(duì)競(jìng)選這一職位的好處)3．(2018·天津高考書面表達(dá))

邀請(qǐng)他的原因(1)We

are

desperately

in

need

of

your

help.

(邀請(qǐng)的原因)So

as

the

group

leader,

I

sincerely

invite

you

to

join

us.

(2)I

am

convinced

that

with

our

joint

efforts

we

can

undoubtedly

get

good

results.

(我堅(jiān)信我們共同的努力會(huì)得到好的結(jié)果)(3)

What's

more,

I

will

e-mail

you

our

training

plan

soon,

hoping

you

can

offer

some

constructive

suggestions

regarding

it.

(我郵件發(fā)你我們的培訓(xùn)計(jì)劃，希望你可以提供一些建設(shè)性的建議)5．(互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的好處)The

Internet

is

playing

a

more

and

more

important

part

in

our

daily

life.

We

can

not

only

read

news

from

home

and

abroad,

but

also

get

information,

send

emails

and

attend

online

schools.(不僅可以...而且可以...)03增加過(guò)渡增加過(guò)渡是常見的“增加細(xì)節(jié)”的方法，過(guò)渡性詞語(yǔ)和過(guò)渡性語(yǔ)句的使用是語(yǔ)言連貫性得以實(shí)現(xiàn)的最常用手段。在句與句之間、段與段之間恰當(dāng)?shù)厥褂靡恍┏猩蠁⑾碌倪^(guò)渡(連接)性詞語(yǔ)，句子可避免語(yǔ)句陡轉(zhuǎn)直下，不聯(lián)不搭，通過(guò)合理過(guò)渡，實(shí)現(xiàn)語(yǔ)句的銜接順暢。這就需要考生在日常學(xué)習(xí)中積累背誦常用的過(guò)渡詞。例如：表示列舉的firstly,secondly,thirdly,finally；表示自己看法的asfarasI'mconcerned,frommypointofview,inmyopinion；表示轉(zhuǎn)折的onthecontrary,however,everycoinhastwosides等?！康模涸黾幽哿?，突出連貫性※方法：根據(jù)行文或段落需要，在句與句或段與段之間適當(dāng)增加過(guò)渡性詞語(yǔ)，或者過(guò)渡句，以使文章渾然一體，提高說(shuō)服力※特色：行文連貫，條理清晰1．(話題：家長(zhǎng)用車接送學(xué)生引起校門口擁堵) Our

traffic

department

should

strengthen

management

to

make

the

parents

obey

traffic

rules.

Our

school

should

appeal

to

us

students

to

walk

or

ride

a

bike

to

and

from

school,

which

is

not

only

friendly

to

our

traffic

environment

but

also

is

good

for

students'

health.2．(去美國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)詢問(wèn)具體問(wèn)題)I'mconcernedwithhowfaritisfromthehostfamilytomyschool.I'mwonderingwhethera

privatebedroomwillbeofferedtome.ItendtoknowifthereareanyspecialcustomsthatIshouldpayattentionto.Wouldyoupleasegivemesomemoresuggestionsonhowtogetalongwellwiththehostfamily?I'msureyouradvicewillbenefitmealot.2．(去美國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)詢問(wèn)具體問(wèn)題)I'mconcernedwithhowfaritisfromthehostfamilytomyschool.I'mwonderingwhethera

privatebedroomwillbeofferedtome.ItendtoknowifthereareanyspecialcustomsthatIshouldpayattentionto.Wouldyoupleasegivemesomemoresuggestionsonhowtogetalongwellwiththehostfamily?I'msureyouradvicewillbenefitmealot.1.(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ書面表達(dá))First

of

all/To

begin

with

(首先),

I'm

a

big

fan

of

traditional

Chinese

paintings.

Therefore

(因此),I

am

capable

of

offering

visitors

detailed

explanations

on

the

stories

of

famous

Chinese

painters.2.(2018·浙江高考寫作)We

lost

our

way

in

the

forest

and

to

make

matters

worse/worse

still

(更糟的是),

it

got

dark.3.(2018·北京高考書面表達(dá))In

my

opinion/view

(依我看),

studying

for

a

degree

in

a

different

culture

is

never

easy.4.On

the

one

hand

(一方面),

they

can

sweep

the

tombs

for

the

dead.

On

the

other

hand

(另一方面),

they

can

go

for

a

walk

in

the

country

in

spring

when

the

grass

has

just

turned

green.5.In

a

word/In

conclusion/In

short/In

brief

(總之),

success

is

important,

and

so

is

failure,

because

it's

the

mother

of

success.04詳加描述詳加描述是常見的“增加細(xì)節(jié)”的方法，這可以使文章詞數(shù)達(dá)標(biāo)、內(nèi)容充實(shí)、結(jié)構(gòu)連貫、語(yǔ)意順暢?！康模河性斢新?，主次分明※方法：根據(jù)提示要求，首先確定主要點(diǎn)和次要點(diǎn)，然后在主要點(diǎn)上著筆潑墨。除了前面提到的采用“追加成分”以擴(kuò)展句子的方式外，還可把一些主要點(diǎn)分開詳述，從而提升這些要點(diǎn)的分量※特色：詳略得當(dāng)，重點(diǎn)突出Dear

James, I'm

very

excited

and

inspired

by

the

news

that

your

first

novel

has

been

published.

I'd

like

to

offer

my

sincere

congratulations

to

you

on

your

great

success. Actually,

I

have

witnessed

your

progre