定語從句導(dǎo)學(xué)案高考語法一輪復(fù)習(xí)

定語從句第一節(jié)：關(guān)系代詞定語從句的基本概念和結(jié)構(gòu)什么是定語？定語用來修飾、限定、說明名詞或代詞年輕人____________,我的朋友____________,桌子上的書____________什么結(jié)構(gòu)可以作定語？Thereisanappletreeinmyyard.__________StrangethingswerehappeninginthecountrysideofnortheasternHebei._________Morethan400,000peoplewerekilledintheearthquake.________Thesportsmeetheldinourschoollastweekwasasuccess.________Theboysittinginthelastrowisourmonitor._________Attheartfestival,wegotachancetoshowourtalents._________Iwantabighousewithagarden._________Allmenmustdie._________TheteamthatLangPinghadbuiltwasfallingapart._________10)Theplayerwhobecameknowas“AirJordan”changedbasketballwithhisgracefulmovesandjumps.________什么是定語從句？在句子中作定語,用來修飾名詞或代詞的從句定語從句的結(jié)構(gòu)：先行詞+關(guān)系詞+從句先行詞：被修飾的名詞或代詞Twothirdsofthepeoplewholivedthereweredeadorinjured.引導(dǎo)定語從句引導(dǎo)定語從句在從句中充當(dāng)成分指代在從句中充當(dāng)成分指代先行詞關(guān)系代詞：that,which,who,whom,whose關(guān)系代詞：that,which,who,whom,whose關(guān)系副詞：when,where,why關(guān)系副詞：when,where,whyTheBoysandGirlsClubwhichhestartedinChicagohasbeenhelpingyoungpeoplesince1996.下一個標(biāo)點符號下一個標(biāo)點符號再一個謂語動詞定語從句的范圍：關(guān)系詞開始，結(jié)束再一個謂語動詞練習(xí)：畫出下列句子中的定語從句。（1）Thereweredeepcracksthatappearedinthewellwalls.（2）TheteamthatLangPinghadbuiltwasfallingapart.（3）Theymustbeathleteswhoaremastersintheirsports.（4）Thenumberofpeoplewhowerekilledorbadlyinjuredinthequakewasmorethan400,000.（5）MrLiisanarchitectwhosedesignsforthenewshoppingmallhavewonpraise.關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞先行詞在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞质欠窨墒÷詔hat人/物主，賓，表賓可省which物主，賓賓可省who人主，賓賓可省whom人賓賓可省whose人/物定不可省畫出下列句子中的先行詞，關(guān)系詞和定語從句，并寫出關(guān)系詞在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞?。Thereweredeepcracksthatappearedinthewellwalls.Itwasaquakethatevencauseddamagemorethan150kilometersawayinBeijing.TheteamthatLangPinghadbuiltwasfallingapart.It’sluckytospendallyourlifewithapersonwhoyoulove.Workersbuiltsheltersforsurvivorswhosehomeshadbeendestroyed.如何選擇關(guān)系代詞？先行詞關(guān)系詞在從句中成分關(guān)系詞人主語that,who人賓語that,who,whom，省略物主語that,which物賓語that,which，省略人/物定語whose用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞填空。Theterribleshakingofthebuildingwokeupallthepeople_______wereasleep.Severaldayslater,mostofthebuildings________hadbeendamagedbythehurricanewererepaired.Theinjuredboy________motherwaslostinthedisasterwastakentothehospital.Isthistheyoungboy_________savedseveralotherstudentsintheearthquake?I’maneighteenyearoldboy_______lovesmusicandpainting.InancientChinalivedanartist________paintingswerealmostlifelike.Thelittleproblems________wemetinourdailylifemaybeinspirationsforgreatinventions.Therearemanypeople________areeagertoworkeventhoughtheycan’tmove.Iftheyhaveanopportunitytogetajob,itgivesthemconfidence,”saidtheinventor.Instead,Imadealistofthethings________Ilikeaboutmyself.Themostpowerfulearthquakeinthelast40yearscauseatsunami__________killedmorethen6,500peopleinIndonesia,India,Thailand,Malaysia,andatleastfourothercountries.Thebooktellsstoriesoftheearthquakethroughtheeyesofthose_________liveswereaffected.Davidhadabraindisease__________preventedhimfromwalkingorrunninglikeotherchildren,butatschoolhisclassmatesthoughtofhimasaregularkid.Asspecialeducationteacherattheschool,Iwasfamiliarwiththechallenges__________Davidfacedandwasproudofhisstrongdetermination.Agroundbreaking,fivetearstudyfoundshowsthatdietrelatedchangesinhumanbiteledtonewspeechsounds________arenowfoundinhalftheworld’slanguages.選擇關(guān)系代詞時的特殊情況用that不用which或who的情況當(dāng)先行詞是all,little,few,much,anything,everything,nothing,none,some等不定代詞時。當(dāng)先行詞被all,every,no,some,any,little,much,theonly,thevery,theright,thelast,few,just等修飾時。當(dāng)先行詞既有人又有物時。當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級修飾時。當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在從句中作表語時。當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞出現(xiàn)在以who或which開頭的疑問句中時，為避免重復(fù)，關(guān)系代詞用that。用which不用that的情況當(dāng)關(guān)系詞前有介詞時。當(dāng)先行詞為that或those時，關(guān)系代詞只能用which而不用that，以避免重復(fù)。用who不用that的情況當(dāng)先行詞時指人的代詞時，如one,ones,anyone,those等。當(dāng)先行詞為人稱代詞時，關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)用who。用恰當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空。Ididnothing_______mighthurtyou.Those_______havenotgotbikesmaygobybus.Iamnotthelittlegirl_________Iwastenyearsago.Marinecreaturesarethose_______liveinthesea.TheWuyiMountainNationalParkexperimentalareaistheonlyparkinChina________islistedasaUNESCOculturalandnaturalheritage.ThesearethefamouschimebellsofMarquisYioftheZengState,thelargestandmostpletesetofchimebells_________existstodayinChina.Happinessandsuccessoftenetothose_________aregoodatrecognizetheirownstrengths.為什么要學(xué)定語從句？閱讀：能識別出定語從句，以便清晰地理解句子和文章Ihavegreatparentswhoalwaysencourageandsupportme.AtyphoonisanextremelystrongwindthatoftenhappensintheWesternPacificOcean.Unfortunately,ittooktheexplorersandthesettlerswhofollowedonlyafewdecadestodecimatealargepartoftheseresources.(2021新高考Ⅰ卷C篇）ThetwinswerefilledwithexcitementastheythoughtofthesurprisethattheywereplanningforMother’sDay.(2021新高考Ⅰ卷讀后續(xù)寫改編）Heisbuildingafourwheeledrobotthatwillrunonsolarandelectricpower.(2021新高考Ⅱ卷D篇）語法填空Luckily,Ifoundagreatinstructor_____guidedmethroughthisnewmusicalworld.IdecidedthatifIlearnedofapany________usedalotofplastic,I’dsendtianemailurgingittocutback.(2021新高考Ⅱ卷語法填空）TheGPNPisintendedtoprovidestrongerprotectionforallthespecies_________livewithintheGiantPandaRangeandsignificantlyimprovethehealthoftheecosysteminthearea.(2021新高考Ⅰ卷語法填空）Maryisamodelstudents_______isoftenpraisedforhergoodworkatschool.Wedrovetoasupermarket_________sellsallkindsofthings,includingtoys,clothesandfood.寫作看著Mr.White給他的字典，他心里忐忑不安。Lookingatthedictionarythat______________________,hegotbutterfliesinhisstomach.真正的朋友是那些給予你鼓勵和支持的人。Truefriendsarethosewho____________________________________________________.對這個活動感興趣的同學(xué)應(yīng)在周五之前報名。Students_______________________________________________shouldsignupbeforeFriday.為了幫助那些想要提高他們英語的同學(xué)，我們學(xué)校將成立一個英語俱樂部。Inordertohelpthestudents___________________________________________,ourschoolwillfoundanEnglishClub.有一天，我讀了一篇教人們?nèi)绾喂芾頃r間的文章。我開始思考充分利用時間的重要性。__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.英語是一座連接世界與我們的橋梁。學(xué)英語真的有好處。__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.定語從句第二節(jié)：關(guān)系副詞與介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語從句：名詞、代詞+關(guān)系副詞+從句引導(dǎo)定語從句：名詞、代詞+關(guān)系副詞+從句指代先行詞：在。。。（時間或地點）；為什么。。。的原因(why)關(guān)系副詞指代先行詞：在。。。（時間或地點）；為什么。。。的原因(why)在從句中充當(dāng)成分：狀語（從句結(jié)構(gòu)完整/不缺主或賓）在從句中充當(dāng)成分：狀語（從句結(jié)構(gòu)完整/不缺主或賓）關(guān)系副詞的選擇先行詞成分關(guān)系副詞表示時間的名詞時間狀語從句結(jié)構(gòu)完整表示地點的名詞地點狀語reason原因狀語畫出下列句中的先行詞和關(guān)系詞，并分析從句成分。Therearemanyreasonswhythishasbeenpossible,butoneofthemainfactorshasbeentheChinesewritingsystem.Overtheyears,thesystemdevelopedintodifferentforms,asitwasatimewhenpeopleweredividedgeographically.EmperorQinshihuangunitedthesevenmajorstatesintooneunifiedcountrywheretheChinesewritingsystembegantodevelopinonedirection.先行詞關(guān)系詞在從句中成分關(guān)系詞人主語從句缺主語人賓語從句缺主語物主語從句缺主語物賓語從句缺主語人/物定語_______+名詞用正確的關(guān)系詞填空。Thenursingcenter____________Lisafoundedprovidesmedicaltreatmentfortheold.Thenursingcenter______Ms.Ricereceivedtreatmentwas27milesaway.Therestaurant_________offersSichuandishesispopularamonglocals.Therestaurant______Ihaddinneryesterdayisnotfaraway.Therearemanyreasons________canexplainthephenomenon.Therearemanyreason________Idon’tlikehim.Ivisitedthehouse_______ZhangXueliangoncelivedandworked.1949istheyear_______thePeople’sRepublicwasfounded.Iwanttotraveltoplaces________Icanexperienceitscultureandhistory.Canyouexplainthereason____youdidn’tshowupatthepartyyesterday?Becausethemoon’sbodyblocksdirectradiomunicationwithaprobe,Chinafirsthadtoputasatelliteinorbitabovethemooninaspot___________itcouldsendsignalstothespacecraftandtoEarth.介詞+which/whom引導(dǎo)定語從句ItdatesbackseveralthousandyearstotheuseofLongguanimalbonesandshellsonwhichsymbolswerecarvedbyancientChinesepeople.WrittenChinesehasalsobeeanimportantmeansbywhichChina’spresentisconnectedwithitspast.先行詞是物介詞+which先行詞是人介詞+whom介詞+which/whom=介短在從句中作狀語從句結(jié)構(gòu)完整，不缺主或賓選哪個介詞呢？看從句中動詞或形容詞與介詞的搭配Mymotheristheperson______whomIcandepend.Thetwothings_______whichtheyfeltproudwereJim’sgoldwatchandDella’shair.（2）看介詞與先行詞的搭配Thefarm______whichmyfatherworksisfarawayfromthecity.Wevisitedthehouse______whichLuxunoncelived.根據(jù)句意而定跟我一起去看電影的男孩來自3班。Theboy_______whomIsawthefilmesfromClass3.Thecolorlessgas_______whichwecannotliveiscalledoxygen.用介詞+which/whom填空(1)Thevillage________shewasfamiliarchangedalot.(2)Heistheperson________Icandepend.(3)Istillremembertheday________mysonwasborn.(4)Hemadeaholeonthewall___________hecouldseewhatwashappeninginside.(5)Theymovedintoahouse___________plentyofshrubswereplanted.（周圍種了很多灌木）(6)Theymovedintoahouse_________________adeadbodywasburied.（下面埋著一個尸體）(7)Theymovedintoahouse__________therewasacemetery.（旁邊有個公墓）(8)WilliamHastieoncesuggestedthathistoryinformsusofpastmistakes_____________wecanlearnwithoutrepeatingthem.(9)Theotherday,ahomelessman_____________Igavesomechangetoldhislifestory.選哪個介詞呢？先行詞成分關(guān)系副詞介詞+which代替表示時間的名詞時間狀語從句結(jié)構(gòu)完整whenon/in/at/during+which表示地點的名詞地點狀語wherein/on/at+whichreason原因狀語whyfor+whichTakesometimetocheckoutthebuildings__________/__________yourclasseswillbeheld.Idon’tknowthereason__________/__________hedidn’tattendhissister’swedding.Inthespring,aseason_________/___________wearelearningnewrhythmsoflife,manyofusfindfortinthenaturalworld.Iwillneverforgettheday_______/_________Ijoinedtheparty.Thereason______/________herefusedtheinvitationisnorclear.Thehouse_______/________Ihavelivedfor20yearswerepulleddownonJuly4th.抽象地點名詞atmosphere（氣氛，環(huán)境）,stage（階段）,condition（狀況，情況）,position（處境，狀況）,activity,case（情況）,instance（例子）,situation（情況）,point（時刻，階段）Creatinganatmosphere_______employeesfeelrelaxedisofgreatimportance.Ioftentakepartinvariousactivities_________Icanmeetpeople_________sharesimilarinterests.Weareinaposition________wemaylosealargesumofmoney.Ihavereachedapointinmylife_________Ihavetofighthardformyfuture.Therearecases_________theword“drive”doesnotmean“tooperateavehicle”.定語從句第三節(jié)：非限制性定語從句限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句Afterlisteningtothescientistswhostudiedtheproblem,andcitizenswholivednearthedam,thegovernmentturnedtotheUnitedNationsforhelpin1959.Iadviseyoutowritedownthenewwordsthatyoumeet.限制性定語從句：對先行詞進行修飾限定（說明談?wù)摰氖悄膫€/哪些人或事,從句去掉后句意不明確不完整）PerhapsthebestexampleisshownbyUNESCO,whichrunsaprogrammethatpreventsworldculturalheritagefromdisappearing.Iamcrazyaboutdancing,whichisagreatwaytorelaxmyselfafterschool.非限制性定語從句：補充說明（相對獨立，去掉之后不影響主句意思）引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的which指代什么？PerhapsthebestexampleisshownbyUNESCO,whichrunsaprogrammethatpreventsworldculturalheritagefromdisappearing.(which指代_____________)What’smore,IhavethegoodhabitofkeepingadiaryinEnglish,whichisagreatwaytoimprovemywritingskills.(which指代______________)Tomalwaysmakestroubleatschool,whichmakeshisparentsworried.(which指代______________)限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句比較定語從句類型作用形式是否可用that引導(dǎo)which指代關(guān)系詞是否可省略可否用why引導(dǎo)作賓語可否用who限制性修飾限定無逗號可以先行詞（名/代)作賓語可省可以可以非限制性補充說明有逗號不可以先行詞，主句部分或全部內(nèi)容不可省略不可以不可以用恰當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空。Ifit’snotraining,thisoldmanalsocontinuestopracticeoutdoorrockclimbingwithhissonsYvesandClaude,_____alsoloveclimbingverymuch.People_________reallylovebookswillenomatterwherethebookstoreis.WhenIwasinhighschool,IjoinedmanyChineseculturalactivities,_______mademeloveChinamore.Butfor(除了。。。之外）allitsancientbuildings,Beijingisalsoaplace_________welesthefastpaceddevelopmentofmodernlife.(2023全國乙卷）5.Onthe1,100kilometerjourney,themanCaoShengkang,_____losthiseyesightattheageofeightinacaraccident,crossed40citiesandcountiesinthreeprovinces.（2022年全國甲卷）ThetypicalChinesealcoholicbeverageisbaijiu,_________ismadefromvariousgrains.PabloPicassowasoneofthemostfamousartistsintheworld,_________fullnamewasreallyalongone,infactamixtureofmanynames.Helearnedcarpentryinhisteens,after_________hetaughthimselftheartsofpainting,poetry,calligraphyandsealcutting.AnotherconcernidnewfoodallergiesbecauseGMOfoodcontainproteins_________peoplehavenevereatenbefore.YouthDayinChinafallonMay4th.ItoriginatesfromtheMay4thMovements,__________happenedduringWorldWarOne.Chinaattendedthesocalled“PeaceConference”inParisasoneofthevictoriousnations.Inthelatesummerandearlyfall,thebutterfliestypicallyleavesouthernCanadaandnorthernandcentralregionsoftheUnitedStates.TheymakeadangeroustriptoFloridaandMexico,________theweatheriswarmer.IlookedaroundandspottedDavid,________wasstandingbyhimselfofftothesidebyafence.介詞+which/whom引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句Thecleverboymadeaholeinthewall,______________hecouldseewhatwashappeninginsidethehouse.ImetJackincollege,___________Ifoundedasoftwarepany.Readingliteratureisareallygoodhobby,___________Ibenefitalot.(benefitfrom…從。。。中受益）名詞、代詞、數(shù)次+of+which/whom引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句Theschoolhasoneclassroom,theroofof______ismadeupofgrass.Chemistryisnotusefulforthesestudents,mostof______willgobacktothevillages_______theywereborn.There