高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí) 閱讀理解特訓(xùn)-人教版高三英語(yǔ)試題

閱讀理解專(zhuān)題特訓(xùn)16

能力升級(jí)訓(xùn)練第26頁(yè)

A

（2016?全國(guó)in卷,C）

Ifyouareafruitgrower一orwouldliketobecomeone一takeadvantageofApple

Daytoseewhat,saround.It'scalledAppleDaybutinpracticeit'smorelikeApple

Month.ThedayitselfisonOctober21,butsinceithascaughton,eventsnowspread

outovermostofOctoberaroundBritain.

Visitinganappleeventisagoodchancetosee,andoftentaste,awidevariety

ofapples.TopeoplewhoareusedtothelimitedchoiceofapplessuchasGolden

DeliciousandRoyalGalainsupermarkets,itcanbequiteaneyeopenertoseethe

rangeofclassicalapplesstillinexistence,suchasDeciowhichwasgrownbythe

Romans.Althoughitdoesn'ttasteofanythingspecial,it'sstillworthatry,asis

theknobbly（多疙瘩的）Cat?sHeadwhichismoreofacuriositythananythingelse.

Therearealsovarietiesdevelopedtosuitspecificlocalconditions.Oneofthe

verybestvarietiesforeatingqualityisOrleansReinette,butyou'11needa

warm,shelteredplacewithperfectsoiltogrowit,soit'sapipedeeaeformostapple

loverswhofallforit.

Attheevents,youcanmeetexpertgrowersanddiscusswhichoneswillbestsuit

yourconditions,andbecausethesearefamilyaffairs,childrenarewellcateredfor

withapple-themedfunandgames.

AppleDaysarebeingheldatallsortsofplaceswithaninterestin

fruit,includingstatelygardensandcommercialorchards（果園）.Ifyouwanttohave

arealorchardexperience,tryvisitingtheNationalFruitCollectionatBrogdale,near

FavershaminKent.

【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了蘋(píng)果節(jié)舉辦的時(shí)間、項(xiàng)目及地點(diǎn)。重點(diǎn)提到蘋(píng)

果節(jié)上種類(lèi)豐富的蘋(píng)果品種和有關(guān)蘋(píng)果種植的相關(guān)知識(shí)，特別指出可以與蘋(píng)果種植專(zhuān)家進(jìn)行

討論等。再加上孩子們喜歡的以蘋(píng)果為主題的趣味游戲,可以說(shuō),對(duì)于那些對(duì)蘋(píng)果及蘋(píng)果種植

感興趣的人極具吸引力。

1.Whatcanpeopledoattheappleevents?

A.Attendexperts?lectures.

B.Visitfruit-lovingfamilies.

C.Plantfruittreesinanorchard.

D.Tastemanykindsofapples.

答案:D

解析:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段第一句

^Visitinganappleeventisagoodchancetosee,andoftentaste,awidevarietyofapples.“可

知,在蘋(píng)果節(jié)的活動(dòng)中,人們可以品嘗到各種蘋(píng)果。故選D項(xiàng)。

2.WhatcanwelearnaboutDecio?

A.Itisanewvariety.B.Ithasastrangelook.

C.Itisrarelyseennow.D.Ithasaspecialtaste.

答案:C

解析:推理判斷題。由第二段第二句中的

“…itcanbequiteaneyeopenertoseetherangeofclassicalapplesstillinexistence,sucha

sDeciowhichwasgrownbytheRomans.可推知,Decio是以前由羅馬人種植的一種蘋(píng)果，現(xiàn)在的

人們能夠看到這種蘋(píng)果就算是大開(kāi)眼界了。由此推知現(xiàn)在Deci。蘋(píng)果非常罕見(jiàn)。故選C項(xiàng)。

3.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“apipedream“inParagraph3mean?

A.Apracticalidea.B.Avainhope.

C.Abrilliantplan.D.Aselfishdesire.

答案:B

解析:詞義猜測(cè)題。由第三段第二句可知,OrleansReinette果品上佳,但是對(duì)溫度、環(huán)境、土

壤的要求很高,因此,對(duì)大多數(shù)喜歡種植該蘋(píng)果的愛(ài)好者來(lái)說(shuō)是apipedream（白日夢(mèng)）。

4.Whatistheauthor,spurposeinwritingthetext?

A.Toshowhowtogrowapples.

B.Tointroduceanapplefestival.

C.Tohelppeopleselectapples.

D.Topromoteappleresearch.

答案:B

解析:寫(xiě)作意圖題。通讀全篇可知，文章主要介紹了一個(gè)關(guān)于蘋(píng)果的節(jié)日一一蘋(píng)果節(jié)。故選B

項(xiàng)。

B

（2016?全國(guó)III卷,D）

Badnewssells.Ifitbleeds,itleads.Nonewsisgoodnews,andgoodnewsisno

news.Thosearetheclassicrulesfortheeveningbroadcastsandthemorningpapers.But

nowthatinformationisbeingspreadandmonitored（監(jiān)控）indifferent

ways,researchersarediscoveringnewrules.Bytrackingpeople'se-mailsandonline

posts,scientistshavefoundthatgoodnewscanspreadfasterandfartherthan

disastersandsobstories.

“The'ifitbleeds'ruleworksformassmedia,“saysJonahBerger,ascholar

attheUniversityofPennsylvania."Theywantyoureyeballsanddon'tcarehow

you'refeeling.Butwhenyoushareastorywithyourfriends,youcarealotmorehow

theyreact.Youdon'twantthemtothinkofyouasaDebbieDowner.”

Researchersanalyzingword-of-mouthcommunication一e-mails,Webpostsand

reviews,face-to-faceconversations一foundthatittendedtobemorepositivethan

negative（消極的），butthatdidn'tnecessarilymeanpeoplepreferredpositive

news.Waspositivenewssharedmoreoftensimplybecausepeopleexperiencedmoregood

thingsthanbadthings?Totestforthatpossibility,Dr.Bergerlookedathowpeople

spreadaparticularsetofnewsstories:thousandsofarticlesonTheNewYorkTimes?

website.HeandaPenncolleagueanalyzedthe“moste-mailed“l(fā)istforsixmonths.One

ofhisfirstfindingswasthatarticlesinthesciencesectionweremuchmorelikely

tomakethelistthannon-sciencearticles.HefoundthatscienceamazedTimes'

readersandmadethemwanttosharethispositivefeelingwithothers.

Readersalsotendedtosharearticlesthatwereexcitingorfunny,orthatinspired

negativefeelingslikeangeroranxiety,butnotarticlesthatleftthemmerely

sad.Theyneededtobearoused（激發(fā)）onewayortheother,andtheypreferredgoodnews

tobad.Themorepositiveanarticle,themorelikelyitwastobeshared,asDr.Berger

explainsinhisnewbook,“Contagious:WhyThingsCatchOn.”

【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇議論文。俗話說(shuō)，好事不出門(mén)，壞事傳千里。但是研究者們通過(guò)跟蹤

和監(jiān)控人們的電子郵件、網(wǎng)絡(luò)帖子及評(píng)論、面對(duì)面會(huì)話等發(fā)現(xiàn)，人與人之間更多分享的是那些

給人們帶來(lái)積極情緒的好消息，而不是導(dǎo)致消極情緒的壞消息。

1.Whatdotheclassicrulesmentionedinthetextapplyto?

A.Newsreports.B.Researchpapers.

C.Privatee-mails.D.Dailyconversations.

答案:A

解析:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段前四句可知，這些經(jīng)典的規(guī)則主要應(yīng)用于eveningbroadcasts和

morningpapers,由此推出，這些規(guī)則常用于新聞報(bào)道中。故選A項(xiàng)。

2.WhatcanweinferaboutpeoplelikeDebbieDowner?

A.They'resociallyinactive.

B.They'regoodattellingstories.

C.They'reinconsiderateofothers.

D.They'recarefulwiththeirwords.

答案:C

解析:推理判斷題。由第二段JonahBerger所說(shuō)的

^Butwhenyoushareastorywithyourfriends,youcarealotmorehowtheyreact.Youdon'twant

themtothinkofyouasaDebbieDowner.??可知，當(dāng)你和朋友們分享故事時(shí)，你更在乎他們的反應(yīng),

你不希望他們認(rèn)為你是一個(gè)不考慮別人感受的人。故選C項(xiàng)。

3.Whichtendedtobethemoste-mailedaccordingtoDr.Berger?sresearch?

A.Sportsnews.B.Sciencearticles.

C.Personalaccounts.D.Financialreviews.

答案:B

解析:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第三段最后兩句可知,人們分享最多的文章是那些關(guān)于科學(xué)欄目的文章。

故選B項(xiàng)。

4.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.SadStoriesTravelFarandWide

B.OnlineNewsAttractsMorePeople

C.ReadingHabitsChangewiththeTimes

D.GoodNewsBeatsBadonSocialNetworks

答案:D

解析:主旨大意題。通過(guò)第一段最后一句引出話題，以及最后一段的概括總結(jié)可知，在社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)

中,人們更愿意分享的是傳遞積極情緒的好消息。故選D項(xiàng)。

C

Ihadn'twalkedacrossouroldfarminthepastfifteenyears.Yetthememories

camefloodingback.Rainorshine,IusedtowalkthispatheachdaytoseeGreta.She

alwaysmademesmile,evenaftermysisterandIhadjusthadabigquarrel.Iwould

helpGretawithherchores（家務(wù)活）.Thenwewouldtasteherdelicioushome-made

chocolatecookiesandicecream.Stayinginawheelchairdidn'tstopGretafrombeing

anoutstandingcook.

GretagavemetwoofthegreatestgiftsI'veeverreceived.First,shetaughtme

howtoread.ShealsotaughtmethatwhenIforgavemysisterforourquarrels,itmeant

Iwouldn,tkeepfeelinglikeavictim.Instead,Iwouldfeelsunny.

Mr.Dinking,thelocalbanker,triedtotakeawayGreta'shouseandlandafterher

husbandpassedaway.ThankstoPapaandUncleJohan,Gretagottokeepeverything.

SoonfolkswerecomingfrommilesaroundtobuyGreta'shome-madecookiesand

icecream.GretaevenhadmetakeabigapplepietoMr.Dinkingwholaterbecameone

ofherbestcustomersandfriends.That?sjusthowGretawas.Shecouldturnanyone

intoafriend!

Gretaalwayssaid,“Dear,keepwalkinginthesunshine!”Nomatterhowterrible

mydaystarted,IalwaysfeltsunnywalkinghomefromGreta'shouse一evenbeneath

thewinterstarlight.

IarrivedatGreta/shousetodayjustaftersunset.Anambulancehadstoppeda.

fewfeetfromherdoor.WhenIranintotheoldhouse,Gretarecognizedmerightaway.

Shewasalmostoutofbreathwhenshereachedoutandsoftlytouchedmyarm.Her

lastwordstomewere,“Dear,keepwalkinginthesunshine!??

I'msurethatGretaiswalkinginthebrightestsunshineshe'severseen.

【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇記敘文。回到了闊別15年的農(nóng)場(chǎng),作者想起了一位故人Greta。Greta

不僅教會(huì)了作者閱讀,而且還教會(huì)了作者寬恕別人。

1.Fromthepassage,wecanlearnthat.

A.theauthoralwaysquarreledwithhissister

B.Gretaoftenaskedtheauthortohelpherwithherchores

C.GretawastiredofMr.Dinking'stakingawayherhouse

D.theauthorhadasenseofhappinessstayinginGreta,shouse

答案:D

解析:推理判斷題。A項(xiàng)中的always在文中并未提及，故被排除;第一段提到了“我愿意幫助

Greta做家務(wù)活”，但沒(méi)提及Greta經(jīng)常請(qǐng)作者幫她做家務(wù),故排除B項(xiàng);C項(xiàng)中的

"...wastiredof..."未被提及,故排除C項(xiàng);根據(jù)第五段的

^Nomatterhowterriblemydaystarted,IalwaysfeltsunnywalkinghomefromGreta?shouse一

evenbeneaththewinterstar1ight.,,可知作者在Greta家有一種快樂(lè)的感覺(jué)，故答案為D項(xiàng)。

2.WhatmadeGretaworkoutherproblemwhenherhusbandpassedaway?

A.Theauthor?shelpandthefolks'support.

B.Theauthor,spapaandUncleJohan,shelpaswellasherattitudetopeople.

C.Mrs.Greta'sdelicioushome-madechocolatecookiesandicecream.

D.Mrs.Greta,sbravefightingforherhouseandland.

答案:B

解析:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的

ThankstoPapaandUnc1eJohan,Gretagottokeepeverything.以及第四段的描述可知答案

為B項(xiàng)。

3.FromthefactthatGretahadmetakeabigapplepietoMr.Dinking,wecaninfer

Gretawasawoman.

A.tolerantB.talented

C.helpfulD.warm-hearted

答案:A

解析:推理判斷題。第三段介紹了在Greta的丈夫去世之后，當(dāng)?shù)氐你y行家Dinking先生曾經(jīng)

要沒(méi)收她的房子和土地。第四段中Greta又讓作者給Dinking先生送去一張大的蘋(píng)果派。從

中可推斷出Greta是一個(gè)寬容的（tolerant）女人,故答案為A項(xiàng)。

4.What'sthebesttitleofthepassage?

A.Alwayshelpthosewhoareinneed

B.Neverquarrelwithalittlegirl

C.Keepwalkinginthesunshine

D.Afriendinneedisafriendindeed

答案:C

解析:主旨大意題。通讀全文尤其是倒數(shù)第二段中Greta臨終前告訴作者的話及最后一段可知

C項(xiàng)最符合本文主題。

D

（2019?北京卷，B）

AliceMooreisateenagerentrepreneur（倉(cāng)ij業(yè)者），whoinMay2015setupherbusiness

AilieCandy.Bythetimeshewas13,hercompanywasworthmillionsofdollarswiththe

inventionofasuper-sweettreatthatcouldsavekids'teeth,insteadofdestroying

them.

ItallbeganwhenMoorevisitedabankwithherdad.Ontheouting,shewasoffered

acandybar.However,herdadremindedherthatsugarytreatswerebadforherteeth.But

Moorewassickofmissingoutoncandies.Soshedesiredtogetroundthewarning,“Why

can'tImakeahealthycandythat'sgoodformyteethsothatmyparentscan't

saynotoit?”Withthatinmind,Mooreaskedherdadifshecouldstartherowncandy

company.Herecommendedthatshedosomeresearchandtalktodentistsaboutwhata

healthiercandywouldcontain.

Withherdad'spermission,shespentthenexttwoyearsresearchingonlineand

conductingtrialstogetarecipethatwasbothtastyandtooth-friendly.Shealso

approacheddentiststolearnmoreaboutteethcleaning.Consequently,shesucceeded

inmakingakindofcandyonlyusingnaturalsweeteners,whichcanreduceoralbacteria.

Moorethenusedhersavingstogetherbusinessofftheground.Afterwards,she

andherfathersecuredtheirfirstbusinessmeetingwithasupermarketowner,who

finallyagreedtosellMooresproduct一CanCandy.

AsCanCandy'ssuccessgrows,sodoesMoore,scredibilityasayoung

entrepreneur.Mooreisenthusiasticaboutthecandyshecreated,andshe'salso

positiveaboutwhatthefuturemightbring.Shehopesthateverykidcanhaveaclean

mouthandabroadsmile.

Meanwhile,withherparents,help,Mooreisgenerallyabletoliveanormal

teenagelife.Althoughshefoundedhercompanyearlyoninlife,shewasn'tdriven

primarilybyprofit.Moorewantstouseheruniquetalenttohelpothersfindtheir

smiles.Shedonates10%ofAilieCandy,sprofitstoBigSmiles.Withhertalentand

determination,itappearsthattheskycouldbethelimitforAliceMoore.

【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇記敘文。愛(ài)麗絲?摩爾是一個(gè)青少年創(chuàng)業(yè)者,她在2015年建立了自

己的公司，之后她致力于幫助其他人開(kāi)心快樂(lè)地生活。

1.HowdidMoorereacttoherdad'swarning?

A.Shearguedwithhim.B.Shetriedtofindawayout.

C.Shepaidnoattention.D.Shechosetoconsultdentists.

答案:B

解析:推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的第五句

^Soshedesiredtogetroundthewarning,Whycan?tlmakeahealthycandy...?”可知，摩爾

想找到一種兩全其美的方法。故選B項(xiàng)。

2.WhatisspecialaboutCanCandy?

A.Itisbeneficialtodentalhealth.

B.Itisfreeofsweeteners.

C.Itissweeterthanothercandies.

D.Itisproducedtoadentists'recipe.

答案:A

解析:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的第一句

“Withherdad'spermission,shespent...togetarecipethatwasbothtastyandtooth-friend

ly.”可知，她所建立的公司生產(chǎn)的糖對(duì)孩子們的牙齒有好處。故選A項(xiàng)。

3.WhatdoesMooreexpectfromherbusiness?

A.Toearnmoremoney.

B.Tohelpothersfindsmiles.

C.Tomakeherselfstandout.

D.Tobeatothercandycompanies.

答案:B

解析:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段的第三句

^Moorewantstouseheruniquetalenttohelpothersfindtheirsmiles.??可知,摩爾想利用自

己的技能幫助其他人找到微笑。故選B項(xiàng)。

4.WhatcanwelearnfromAliceMoore'sstory?

A.Fameisagreatthirstoftheyoung.

B.Ayouthistoberegardedwithrespect.

C.Positivethinkingandactionresultinsuccess.

D.Successmeansgettingpersonaldesiressatisfied.

答案:C

解析:推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，摩爾的成功源于她積極的想法和行動(dòng)。故選C項(xiàng)。

E

HowtoLoveYourParents

Evenifyouthinkthatyourparentsaremean-spiritedattimes,lovingyourparents

isanormalandfulfillingpartoflife.Youlovethemforthefactthattheycreated

you,raisedyou,andareinpartasourceofwhoyouare.Herearesomewaystolove

yourparents.

1Agentle“goodmorning"and"Iloveyou“willwarmacoldest

heart.Rememberthattheybroughtyouintothisworld.Withoutyourparents,youmight

stillwanderatanunknowncornerinanunknownworld.

Respectthemmoreandcherishthesemoments.Youcanusethesemomentstolearn

fromthemwhenyou'reoffonyourown.It'sOKtogetangrybutangryactionsdon't

helpyouoryourparents.Actcalmly,cooloff,writedownyourfeelings,ortalktoa

friend.2Obeytheirrequests.Itwillmakeyourattitudebetterandearnyoumore

respectfromthem.Itmayseemlikeyouaregoingthroughhellwhenyoudon'tget

whatyouwantoryouhavetoclean.However,youhadbetterremembertheykeeparoof

overyourheadwhenit'scold,raining,snowing,ortoohot.Understandthatparents

arehumanbeingsandmakemistakes.3Sinceyoucanforgiveyourfriends,whynot

forgiveyourparents?

Keepcompanywiththem.DothingswithyourparentslikewatchingTV,orgo

somewherewiththem.Listentotheiroldstoriesandlearnfromthem.4Youwill

findtheyareyourteachersinthiswayoranother.

Somepeoplesimplymaynotbeabletolovetheirparents.5Seekhelpifyou

arebeingabused（虐待）inanyway.Parentsdonothavearighttoharmyou.

A.Forgivenessisthekey.

B.Tellthemyoulovethemeverymorning.

C.Parentswill