2023學士學位英語考試閱讀理解模擬試題講解

2023學士學位英語考試閱讀理解

模擬試題講解

ReadingComprehension(40points)

Directions:Thereare4passagesinthispart.Eachofthepassageis

followedby5questionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthem

therearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosethebestoneand

markyouranswerontheANSWERSHEETwithasinglelinethrough

thecentre.

Passage1

Humanneedsseemendless.Whenahungrymangetsameal,he

beginstothinkaboutanovercoat;whenamanagergetsanewsports

car,abighouseandpleasureboatsdanceintoview.

Themanyneedsofmankindmightberegardedasmakingupseveral

levels.Whenthereismoneyenoughtosatisfyonelevelofneeds,

anotherlevelappears.

Thefirstandmostbasiclevelofneedsinvolvesfood.Oncethislevel

issatisfied,thesecondlevelofneeds,clothingandsomesortof

shelter,appears.BytheendofWorldWarII,theseneedswere

satisfiedforagreatmajorityofAmericans.Thenathirdlevel

appeared.Itincludedsuchitemsasautomobilesandnewhouses.

By1957or1958thisthirdlevelofneedswasfairlywellsatisfied.Then,

inthelate1950s,afourthlevelofneedsappeared:the"lifeenriching"

level.Whiletheotherlevelsinvolvephysicalsatisfaction,thatis,the

feeding,comfort,safety,andtransportation,thislevelstressesmental

needsforrecognition,achievement,andhappiness.Itincludesa

varietyofgoodsandservices,manyofwhichcouldbecalled"luxury"

items.Amongthemarevacationtrips,thebestmedicalanddental

care,andrecreation.Alsoincludedherearefancygoodsandthe

lateststylesinclothing.

Onthefourthlevel,alotofmoneyisspentonservices,whileonthe

firstthreelevelsmoreisspentongoods.Willconsumersraisetheir

sightstoafifthlevelofneedsastheirincomeincreases,orwillthey

continuetodemandluxuriesandpersonalservicesonthefourth

level?

Afifthlevelwouldprobablyinvolveneedsthatcanbeachievedbest

bycommunityaction.Consumersmaybespendingmoreontaxesto

payforgovernmentactionagainstdisease,ignorance,crim,and

prejudice.Afterfillingourstomachs,ourclothesclosets,ourgarages,

ourteeth,andourminds,wenowmayseektoensurethehealth,

safety,andleisuretoenjoymorefullythegoodthingsonthefirst

fourlevels.

1.Accordingtothepassage,manwillbegintothinkaboutsuch

needsashousingandclothingonlywhen.

A.hehassavedupenoughmoney

B.hehasgrowndissatisfiedwithhissimpleshelter

C.hehassatisfiedhishunger

D.hehaslearnedtobuildhouses

2.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatbytheendofWorldWar

II,mostAmericans.

A.wereveryrich

B.livedinpoverty

C.hadthegoodthingsonthefirstthreelevels

D.didnotownautomobiles

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTrelatedto"physicalsatisfaction"?

A.Asuccessfulcareer.

B.Acomfortablehome.

C.Agoodmeal.

D.Afamilycar.

4.Whatisthemainconcernofmanonthefourthlevel?

A.Themoregoodsthebetter.

B.Themorementalsatisfactionthebetter.

C.Themore“l(fā)uxury“itemsthebetter.

D.Themoreearningsthebetter.

5.Theauthortendstothinkthatthefifthlevel.

A.wouldbelittlebetterthanthefourthlevel

B.maybealotmoredesirablethanthefirstfour

C.canbethelastandmostsatisfyinglevel

D.willbecomeattainablebeforethegovernmenttakesactions

L［答案］C

【精析】本題答案對應(yīng)于第一、三段。文章的第一段提到一個人有了吃

的就會想到再要件衣服，第三段又說最基本的需求是食物，這個層次的

需求得到滿足后人就會考慮服裝和住的地方。綜合判斷，所以選C,即

他不再饑餓后就會產(chǎn)生對住處和衣服的需求。

2.［答案］D

【精析】文章第三段中說第二次世界大戰(zhàn)結(jié)束時，對于大多數(shù)美國人來

說，食品、服裝以及住所的需求都滿足了，然后第三個層次的需求，包

括汽車和新房子便出現(xiàn)了。這說明第二次世界大戰(zhàn)結(jié)束時大多數(shù)美國人

還沒有汽車。A"很富有"，意思不明。B"生活在貧困中"，不符合文意。

C”滿足了前三個層次的需求"，也不正確，因為這時第三個層次的需求

才剛剛出現(xiàn)。

3.［答案］A【精析】本題答案對應(yīng)于文章的第四段，第四段第三行說

physicalsatisfaction包括食物、生活舒適、有安全感、有交通工具，在

B、C、D中都有體現(xiàn)。故選A.

4.［答案］B

【精析1本題答案對應(yīng)文章第四段，其中第四行thislevel,也就是第四

個層次的需求強調(diào)的是精神需求，所以選B.

5.［答案］B

【精析】本題考查考生對作者意思的整體把握。先看A”比第四個層次

要好一些"，意思含糊。C”是最終的、最令人滿意的需求層次"，太絕對。

D”在政府采取行動之前就能實現(xiàn)"，不合文意。文章說第五個層次的需

求要通過集體行動實現(xiàn)，即人們付錢給政府，讓其對抗疾病、愚昧、犯

罪與不公?？梢娺@要在政府采取行動后實現(xiàn)。而B的意思是"比前四個

層次的需求更值得擁有"，這是正確的。

Passage2

Inthesamewaythatachildmustbeabletomovehisarmsandlegs

beforehecanlearntowalk,thechildmustphysiologicallybecapable

ofproducingandexperiencingparticularemotionsbeforethese

emotionscanbemodifiedthroughlearning.Psychologistshave

foundthattherearetwobasicprocessesbywhichlearningtakes

place.Onekindoflearningiscalled"classicalconditioning".This

occurswhenoneeventorstimulusisconsistentlypairedwithor

followedby,arewardorpunishment.Itisthroughclassical

conditioningthatachildlearnstoassociateshismother'sfaceand

voicewithhappinessandlove,forhelearnsthatthispersonprovides

foodandcomfort.Negativeemotionsarelearnedinasimilarfashion.

Thesecondkindoflearningiscalled"operantconditioning".This

occurswhenanindividuallearnstodothingsthatproducerewardsin

hisenvironmentandlearnsnottodothingsthatproduce

punishments.Forexample,ifamotheralwaysattendstoherbaby

whenhecriesandcuddleshimuntilheisquiet,shemayteachhim

thatifhecrieshewillgetattentionfrommother.Thus,thebabywill

learntoincreasehiscryinginordertohavehismothermore.

Everyday,wegrowandhavenewexperiences.Weconstantlylearn

byreading,watchingtelevision,interactingwithotherpeople,andso

forth.Thislearningaffectsouremotions.Whyisitthatwelearnto

likesomepeopleanddislikeothers?Ifapersonisnicetous,cares

aboutus,welearntoassociatethispersonwithpositivefeelings,such

asjoy,happiness,andfriendliness.Ontheotherhand,ifapersonis

meantous,doesnotcareaboutus,andevendeliberatelydoes

thingstoharmus,welearntoassociatethispersonwithnegative

feelings,suchasunhappiness,discomfort,andanger.

1.Theauthor'smainpurposeinwritingthepassageisto.

A.teachchildrenhowtolearntoproduceandexperiencecertain

emotions

B.givethegeneralreaderanaccountoftwobasickindsoflearning

C.giveparentssomeadviceonhowtomodifytheirchildren's

emotionsthroughlearning

D.discusswithpsychologistshowpositiveandnegativefeelingsare

produced

2.Ifyourjokesoftenfindareadyechoinaperson,youwilllearn

throughthattellingjokestothispersonisfun,andyouwilltry

withgreatereffortstobehumorousinhispresence.

A.classicalconditioning

B.neitherofthem

C.operantconditioning

D.someothersortsofconditioning

3.Ifachildisbittenorstartledseveraltimesbyadog,hemaylearn

toassociatefurryanimalswithpainorstartleandthusdevelopafear

offurryanimals.Thisisatypicalexampleoflearningthrough.

A.classicalconditioning

B.bothofthem

C.operantconditioning

D.neitherofthem

4.Inthethirdparagraph,theauthoris.

A.discussinghowwegrowandhavenewexperienceseveryday

B.talkingaboutlearningtomodifyemotionsthroughoperant

conditioning

C.concentratingonlearningbyreading,watchingtelevision,

interactingwithpeople,andsoon

D.usingexamplestofurtherillustratelearningthroughclassical

conditioning

5.Inthefollowingparagraphstheauthorwillmostprobablygoonto

discuss.

A.definitionsofpositivefeelingsandnegativefeelings

B.thethirdkindoflearning

C.furtherexamplesoflearningthroughoperantconditioning

D.noneoftheabove

1.［答案］B

【精析】通讀全文可看出，文章主要是關(guān)于兩個定義的講述：一種是"經(jīng)

典性條件反射"，一種是"操作性條件反射”。文章對這兩種模式進行了解

釋，因此讀懂兩個定義是非常關(guān)鍵的。所以選B,其他三項均不全面。

2.［答案］C

【精析】二段可知，"operantconditioning"是"learnstodothingsthat

producerewardsinhisenvironmentandlearnsnottodothingsthat

producepunishments."因此題目中的例子是"操作性條件反射"。

3.［答案］A【精析】從文章第一段可知，"classicalconditioning"是"This

occurswhenoneeventorstimulusisconsistentlypairedwithor

followedby,arewardorpunishment."因此題目中的例子是"經(jīng)典性條

件反射"。

4.［答案］D

【精析】第三段所舉例子都是為了進一步說明經(jīng)典性條件反射。

5.［答案］C

【精析［從文章結(jié)構(gòu)來看，文章一開始就說明了學習的兩種模式，而后

又分別定義這兩種模式——"經(jīng)典性條件反射"和"操作性條件反射"。第

三段是舉例進一步說明經(jīng)典性條件反射，由此可以推斷下一段將舉例進

一步說明操作性條件反射。故選C.

Passage3

Katherinewalkedintoanewspaperoffice,anddemandedtoseethe

editor.Fortunately,theeditorwaspassingtheinquiryofficewhenshe

askedforhim.Seeingshewasagirlofschoolage,hethoughtit

mightofferhimanamusingfiveminutesbetweeninterviews.

Katherinewasveryrudetohimwhenhetoldhertheydidn'taccept

schoolgirls.Shesaidshewassurprisedthattheeditorofagreat

Londonnewspaperdidnotknowhowtobehavelikeagentleman.

Theeditorsatbackinhischairandlaughedheartily.Hehadnever

beenspokentolikethatinhislife.Heratherlikeditforitsnovelty.

Aftersomefurtherconversation,inwhichKatherineattemptedto

persuadehimthatshecoulddoanythinghewanted,fromwritinga

leadingarticletoaserialstory,shesaid:"Iamnotgoingtoleavethis

roomuntilyouputmeonthestaff!"

Thentheeditorhadtospeaktoherratherseriously,andtoldher

whatagreatLondonnewspapermeanttoagirlandhowutterly

ignorantshewasofeverythingthatwouldmakeherusefulasa

journalist.UponthisKatherineburstintotears,andtheeditor,who

haddismissedmanymeninthecourseofhiscareer,walkedupand

downtheroomwonderingwhathecoulddoforthisextraordinary

younggirlwhosetearfuleyesweresofullofdisappointment.

"Lookhere,"hesaid,"ifyoucometomeintwoyears'time,witha

knowledgeofshorthand,andifyoupromisenottoshedtearsonmy

blottingpaper,Iwillgiveyousomethingtodo."

"Really?Ifyoudon'tmind,I'llhaveitinblackandwhite,"saidthegirl.

Theeditorwasstartled.Hebegantothinkthatthisyounggirlwasnot

soyoungasshelooked.Hedraftedoutanagreementforheronthe

lineslaiddownwithagreatdealofsolemnity（嚴肅）whichhefound

quiteamusing,forhewasconfidentthattheyounggirlmightquite

aswellchangehermindorwouldbeengagedtoaniceboylong

beforetheagreementtookeffect.

1.Therealreasonwhytheeditordecidedtointerviewthegirlwas

thathe.

A.heardheraskingforhimB.wasnotverybusy

C.thoughtitwouldamusehimD.likedtoworkwithyounggirls

2."Heratherlikeditforitsnovelty"meanshelikeditbecauseitwas

A.unusualB.pleasantC.courageousD.friendly

3.Theeditorwalkedupanddowntheroom,becausehewas.

A.ratherangrywithher

B.afraidotherpeoplewouldhearhercrying

C.notsurewhetherheshoulddismissherornot

D.tryingtomakeadecision

4.Astheirconversationcontinued,theeditor.

A.changedhisopinionofthegirlB.grewtiredofher

C.becameannoyedD.thoughtshewastoouneducated

5.Whentheeditordraftedouttheagreementforthegirl,he.

A.hopedthatthiswouldpleasethegirl

B.wishedthatitwouldtakeeffectsoon

C.adoptedaratherseriousattitude

D.didn'tmeanwhathewrote

1.［答案］C

【精析】Seeingshewasagirlofschoolage,hethoughtitmightoffer

himanamusingfiveminutesbetweeninterviews.故選C.

2.［答案］A

【精析】Hehadneverbeenspokentolikethatinhislife.Herather

likeditforitsnovelty.根據(jù)上下文推測只有unusual正確。

3.［答案］D

【精析】walkedupanddowntheroomwonderingwhathecoulddo

forthisextraordinaryyounggirlwhosetearfuleyesweresofullof

disappointment.此題要讀出wondering后面的意思，因此選D.

4.［答案］A

【精析】Theeditorwasstartled.Hebegantothinkthatthisyounggirl

wasnotsoyoungasshelooked.從編輯見到這個女孩剛開始的應(yīng)付

狀態(tài)，到最后這個編輯對女孩的談吐很吃驚，考慮給她一個答復，可以

看出編輯逐步改變對這個女孩的認識及看法。

5.［答案］D

【精析】文章最后結(jié)尾forhewasconfidentthattheyounggirlmight

quiteaswellchangehermindorwouldbeengagedtoaniceboy

longbeforetheagreementtookeffect.表明TD的意思。

Passage4

Likefinefood,goodwritingissomethingweapproachwithpleasure

andenjoyfromthefirsttastetothelast.Andgoodwriters,likegood

cooks,donotsuddenlyappearfullblown.Quitethecontrary,justas

thecookhastoundergoanintensivetraining,masteringtheskillsof

histrade,thewritermustsitathisdeskanddevotelonghoursto

achievingastyleinhiswriting,whateveritspurpose—schoolwork,

mattersofbusiness,orpurelysocialcommunication.Youmaybesure

thatthemorepainstakingtheeffort,themoreeffectivethewriting,

andthemorerewarding.

Therearestillsomeremoteplacesintheworldwhereyoumightfind

apublicscribetodoyourbusinessorsocialwritingforyou,forafee.

Thereareafewmanagerswhoareluckyenoughtohavetheservice

ofthatrarekindofsecretarywhocantakecareofallsortsofletter

writingwithnomorethanaquicknotetoworkfrom.Butformostof

us,ifthereisanywritingtobedone,wehavetodoitourselves.

Wehavetowriteschoolpapers,businesspapersorhomepapers.We

areconstantlycalledontoputwordstopaper.Itwouldbedifficultto

countthenumberofsuchwords,messages,letters,andreportsput

intothemailsordeliveredbyhand,butthedailyfiguremustbe

enormous.Whatismore,everyonewhowritesexpects,oratleast

hopes,thathiswritingwillberead.Wewanttoarouse（弓I起）and

holdtheinterestofthereaders.Wewantwhateverwewritetobe

read,fromfirstwordtolast,notjustthrownintosome"letterstobe

read"fileorintoawastepaperbasket.Thisisthereasonwebendour

effortstowardlearningandpracticingtheskillsofinteresting,

effectivewriting.

1.Inthispassage,goodwritingiscomparedtofinefoodbecause

A.bothwritersandcookshavetoworklonghourseveryday

B.bothareessentialtolife

C.bothareenjoyable

D.bothwritersandcookscanearnagoodliving

2.Apublic"scribe"(Para.2)is.

A.asecretarywhodoesyourbusinessorsocialwriting

B.amachinethatdoeswritingforyou

C.apublicschoolwherewritingistaught

D.apersonwhoearnsalivingbywritingforothers

3.Accordingtothepassage,somemanagersdon'thavetodoany

letterwriting