2023北京門頭溝高三一模英語（教師版）

2023北京門頭溝高三一模英語考生須知1.本試卷共12頁，共100分，考試時(shí)長90分鐘。2.請將條形碼粘貼在答題卡相應(yīng)位置處。3.試卷所有答案必須填涂或書寫在答題卡上，在試卷上作答無效。請使用2B鉛筆填涂，用黑色字跡簽字筆或鋼筆作答。第一部分：知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，30分)第一節(jié)完形填空(共10小題：每小題1.5分，共15分)閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。Familyisthewarmestplacewheremembersalwayshelpeachother,especiallyinthemostdifficulttimes.MyhusbandandIwentthroughtoughtimesmanyyearsago.However,wedidn’tmentionthedifficultiestoourchildren.Theonlythingtheyknewclearlywasthatwehadto___1___manythings.Butwedidn’twantto___2___themwithaproblemaboutwhichtheycoulddonothing.Oursituationwasn’timproving,andweknewthatwewouldhavetolookforoutsidehelp.Justaswereachedthepointof___3___,ourcommunitygaveusanenvelopethathadbeenleftinthecommittee’sofferingbox.Thecommitteesaid,“Inourcommunity,therehasbeenawayofassistingthosewhohavefinancialdifficulties.Inordernottomakethereceiversfeelashamed,moneyissecretlydroppedintoanofferingboxwithonlythe___4___nameoneachenvelope.Thentheenvelopesare___5___tothosememberswithoutthemknowingthegivers’names.”Youcouldimaginehowoverjoyedweweretoreceiveit,whichwasenoughtobringusthroughthedesperatetime.Wecouldn’thelpbut___6___whohadgivensuchagenerousgift.Wewereenormouslygrateful.Later,oursonappliedforastudentloansothathecouldattenduniversity.Itwasthenthatwe___7___hissavingaccountwasalmostempty.We’dtrustedhimtoputthewagesfromhispart-timejobintothebank.Wewereso___8___thatIaskedhimrepeatedlytofindoutwherethemoneyhadgone.Hejuststoodtherewithfirmeyesbutsaidnothing.Finally,withgreat___9___,mysoneventuallyadmittedthattheyearbeforehehadputhissavingsintheofferingboxforus.Istoodtherespeechless,tearsfillingmyeyes.Hehadspentseveralyearssavingthatmoneyandhadgivenittous_____10_____withouttellinguswhathehaddone.1.A.makeupfor B.comeupwith C.cutbackon D.lookforwardto2.A.bother B.harm C.encourage D.support3.A.anger B.desperation C.hope D.relief4.A.receiver’s B.giver’s C.organizer’s D.partner’s5.A.related B.contributed C.distributed D.devoted6.A.recall B.infer C.imagine D.wonder7.A.discovered B.thought C.ensured D.admitted8.A.pessimistic B.disappointed C.frightened D.guilty9.A.interaction B.explanation C.expectation D.hesitation10.A.obviously B.willingly C.gradually D.accidentally第二節(jié)語法填空(共10小題：每小題1.5分，共15分)A閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)脑~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Standingontheshoreofalake,Icouldn’thelpadmiringthehundredsofsmallrockthat____11____(surround)myshoes.Allcreatedfromhardsurfaces,therockssoftenovertime.AndIwaswondering____12____wecouldlearnfromapileofrocks.Oncewasasharprockthatwascoveredwithpointyedges,andnowIhavefoundmyattitudehavesoftenedandmydesiretounderstandothers____13____(expand)withtime.B閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)脑~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Oildominateseveryaspect____14____ourlife.Itfuelsourcars,anditisusedinproductionofourplasticgoodsandtheelectricityforourhomesandfactories.Moreover,itcaneven____15____(find)inthefertilizerforthesoilinwhichourfoodgrows.Oilmakesnations____16____(extreme)wealthy,whileshortagesofoilcanbringeconomiestotheirknees.Inshort,thisblackandstickysubstancehasbeenrunning____17____(we)world.C閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)脑~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Whenwegooutdoorsinwinter,coldwindgetsthroughourclothes,____18____(hit)ourbodypartsfiercely.Thenwemayfeelcold.Howdowefeelcold?Actuallyhumanskinisfilledwithtemperature-sensingnervereceptorsnamedTRPs,whichreceivestimuli(刺激)fromtheenvironment.____19____(sense)thecold，thebrainusesoneofthereceptorscalledTRPM8.WhentheTRPM8ishitbystimuli,itwillsendanelectricsignaltothebrain,___20___understandsthesignalas“cold”.第二部分：閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，38分)第一節(jié)(共14小題：每小題2分，共28分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。ATourscomeinmanycreativeforms,suchasguidedwalkingtours,self-guidedwalkingtours,coastalwalksandbushwalks.GuidedWalkingToursGuidedwalkingtoursareaninformativeandfunwaytodeeplyunderstandtheareaaboutacity’shistoryandthepeoplethere.Youcantakethiskindoftouranytimeandanywhere.Guidedwalkingtourscomewithaguidewiththeknowledgeandhistoryoftheareaandtheycanhelpyouwithalotofthehistorythathappenedinthearea.Guidedwalkingtoursarebetteratshowingsitesin-depth.Self-GuidedWalkingToursSelf-guidedtoursaregoodifyouwishtodothingsatyourownpace.Withself-guidedtours,youusuallyhaveabrochureontheareathatyoufollowanditwilltellyouaboutlocalpeople’sfavoritelandmarks.Self-guidedtoursaresuitableforindividualsorclosefriends.Youcantaketheminanyseasonyoulike.CoastalWalkingToursCoastalwalksareidealforthosewhoenjoybreathtakingviews.Coastalwalkswilloftentakeyouinlandforpartofyourjourney,onlytorejointhecoastlineatsomeotherspectacularviewsmothernaturehasprovided.Coastalwalksareforallyearround.Ihavedonesomegreatwalksinwinterandseenmothernatureatherbest,andthebestpartaboutdoingtoursduringwinteristhattherearenotverymanypeoplethatwillalmosthavethetourtothemselves.BushWalkingToursBushwalks,accordingtoresearch,canhelpreducedepressionandraiseself-esteem.Bushwalkscanbeafamilyactivitywithyourdogthroughouttheyear.Somebushwalksmaytakemorethanoneday.Wheneveryouwanttotakeabushwalk,youshouldkeepinmindthatallbushwalksshouldberesearchedthoroughlyasyoumayneedspecialequipmentlikewaterprooftrousers.Attheveryleastyoushouldletyourfamilyorfriendsknowwhereyouaregoing.Thisisusefulifyougetlost.Hopeyoucanfindthemostsuitabletourforyourself.21.Whatcanwelearnaboutguidedwalkingtoursfromthepassage?A.Itcanbeafamilyactivitythatmayincludepets.B.Youcanhaveafurtherunderstandingofthearea.C.Youcanenjoybreathtakingviewsduringthetour.D.Youcanknowthelandmarkswiththehelpoflocalpeople.22.Whichofthesetoursshouldyoutellyourfamilyorfriendsinadvance?A.Bushwalkingtours. B.Guidedwalkingtours.C.Coastalwalkingtours. D.Self-guidedwalkingtours.23.Whatdothesetourshaveincommon?A.Youcanparticipateanytimeoftheyear.B.Youshouldbuyspecialequipmentinadvance.C.Youwilltakepartinbothinlandandcoastlinejourneys.D.Youneedabrochuretointroducethetours’specialfeatures.BItwasrushhouronthemorningofJune1.HeatherSantellano,36,wasdrivinghercaronHoustonHarteFrontageRoadwithhernine-year-olddaughterandten-year-oldsonintheback.Suddenly,aredpickuptruckcutthemoff.Santellanoturnedthewheelhardtotheright,sendingthecarrunningofftheroadanddownanembankment(路堤)thatendedinadrop-offafterabout50feet.Ifthecardidn’tstop,itwouldgoupintotheairandslideontotheroadsome20feetbelow.Thencameabitofluck.Asthecarracedtowardstheedge,itsundercarriagegotstuckontheembankment,stoppingitcold.Theoccupants,however,werefarfromsafe.Thecarhadcometorestontopofaretainingwall,literallyteeteringontheedgeofdisaster.Onesuddenmovebyanyoneinsidecouldsenditover.JacobRodriguez,aveteran,watchedthesceneunfoldfromthecompanywhereheworks.Then,heandfourothermenrantothecar.Theyleapedontothetrunktobalancetheweightastheterrifiedkidsinthebackseatwatched.Meanwhile,JulioVasquezandhisnephew,MarcoVasquez,weredrivingtotheirjobsatnearbyPremierAutomotive.JuliojumpedoutofthecartohelpwhileMarcowenttotheshop,grabbedaheavy-dutystrapandreturnedtothedanglingcar.HetiedthecartoandF-350truckthathadbeendrivenoverbyoneoftheotherrescuers.Withthecarsecuredthegroupcarefullyopenedthebackdoorsandhelpedthechildrenout.Buttheirdepartureshiftedthecar’sweight,causingittoleanforward.Themen,stillonthetrunk,imploredSantellanotojumpintothebackseattore-balancetheweight.Shedidandtheninchedoutfromthebackdoor.Finally,themencarefullygotoffthetrunkEveryonewassafe.“Anotherfoot,”Rodrigueztoldthemedia,“andthiswouldbedifferentstory.”24.WhathappenedtoSantellano’scarafteraredpickuptruckcutitoff?A.Itranintothetruckandwasholed.B.Itrushedtotheroadsideandwasbroken.C.Itwentintotheairandfellsharplyontotheroad.D.Itslippedofftheroadanddownanembankment.25.Whydidthecarleanforward?A.Becauseeveryonegotoffthecar.B.BecauseSantellanojumpedintothebackseat.C.Becausethehelpersrantothecarandleapedontothetrunk.D.Becausetheweightofthecarwasunbalancedwhenthechildrenleft.26.Accordingtothepassage,whichwordscanbestdescribeJacobandhispartners?A.Generousandoutgoing. B.Friendlyandhumble.C.Helpfulandprofessional. D.Ambitiousandoptimistic.CThehydrogen-powereddrone(無人機(jī))，called“Qingting”inChinesepronouncedthesameastheChineseword“dragonfly”,hascompletedtheautomaticinspectionofthe500kilovoltofWangnanLine.Itisthefirsttimethatafuel-celldronepoweredbyhydrogenhasbeenusedinthenationalelectricalpowersystemtocarryoutinspectionprograms,meaningthathydrogenenergyequipmenthasbeenfirstlyappliedintotheinspectionofpowergrid(網(wǎng)).Theinspectiondronetraditionallyispoweredbylithiumbatterieswhichcanlast20-30minutesonaverage.Thereexistsacertainthreattoinspectionsafetyifthedronefallsoutofcontrolduetoitsuseoflarge-capacitylithiumbatterypack,whicheasilyleadstoburnandexplode.Thus,thecurrenturgentneedofinspectionworkforpowergridrequiresanewkindofdronewithlongbatterylife,continuousinspection,andhighsecurity.Itisintroducedthat,thisyearStateGridWenzhouPowerSupplyCompany,togetherwithJinlingCarbonEnergyDigitalIntelligenceTechnologyLaboratory,finallysuccessfullyinventedthefirsthydrogen-powereddroneafterhalfayear’sexplorationandperseverance.Asanelectricdronetakinghydrogenfuelcelltogeneratethepowerandhydrogen,hydrogendoesnotburninthefuelcellduringtheoperationof“Qingting”.Instead,itcanbetransformeddirectlyintoelectricitybycombininghydrogenandoxygenthroughtheactionofplatinum-carboncatalystinacleanandcarbon-freeway,andtheonlyproductiswater.Itislearnedthatitofferspowerautonomyof2hours,aboutfourtimesthatofthelithiumbatterydrone.Thelifeofhydrogenfuelcellismorethan2000hours,about20timesthatofthelithiumbattery.Thebatteryofhydrogenfuelcellcontainsnoheavymetalpollutants,whosematerialscanberecycledafterdestruction.Itistestedthatthe“Qingting”dronefailstoburnorexplodewhenitfallsoutofcontrol,whichperformsbetterinsafety.Thesuccessoftheinitialinspectionofthe“Qingting”dronehasfilledthegapoftheapplicationofhydrogenfuelintheelectricpowerdrone.Next,thecompanywillexpandthemulti-directionalapplicationofhydrogendronesininspectionforpowergridbycarryingdifferentfunctionalequipmenttomakebreakthroughsinthetechnicalbarriers.Moreover,underthenationalpolicyofactivelypromotingtheapplicationofcleanenergy,acceleratingthedevelopmentofhydrogenfuelcellsinthefieldofunmannedaviationvehicles(UAVs)isofsignificance.27.Whatcanwelearnaboutthetraditionaldrone?A.Itispoweredbyhydrogen.B.Itcanworkforalongtime.C.Itmayburniffailingtocontrol.D.Itcanensurethesafetyofpowergrid.28.WhatdoesParagraph5mainlytalkabout?A.How“Qingting”works.B.Why“Qingting”issafe.C.Whatadvantages“Qingting”has.D.Whateffects“Qingting”hasontheenvironment.29.Whichstatementabouthydrogen-powereddroneisNOTcorrect?A.Thebatteryitusesisrecyclable.B.Ithasbeenusedtoexaminepowergrid.C.Itcanchangehydrogendirectlyintoelectricity.D.Itcanpreventthehydrogenbatteryfromexplosion.30.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.Hydrogenfuelhasbeenappliedintootherfields.B.Hydrogenfuelhasabrightfutureinmanyfields.C.HydrogendroneiswidelyusedinthefieldofUAVs.D.Hydrogendronehastakenalonglimitedfunctionalequipment.DManyindustriesarefacingashortageoflabour.Warehousinghasgrownrapidly.Androbotsarenowindispensable,pickingitemsoffshelvesandhelpingpeoplepackanexponentiallyrisingnumbersofboxes.Theyareevenbeginningtowalkslowlyalongsomepavements,deliveringgoodsorfoodrighttopeople’sdoors.Havingmorerobotstoboostproductivitywouldbeagoodthing.Andyetmanypeoplefearthatrobotswilldestroyjobs.Apaperin2013byeconomistsatOxfordUniversitywaswidelymisinterpretedasmeaningthat47%ofAmericanjobswereatriskofbeingautomated.Infact,concernsaboutmassunemploymentbecauseofrobotsareoverblown.Theevidencesuggestsrobotswillbeultimatelybeneficialforlabourmarkets.AYaleUniversitystudyfoundthatanincreaseofonerobotunitper1,000workersboostedacompany’semploymentinJapan.ResearchfromtheBankofKoreafoundthatnotarizationmovedjobsawayfrommanufacturingintoothersectors,butthattherewasnodecreaseinoverallvacancies(空缺).Anotherstudy，byresearchersattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyandcolleagueselsewhere,lookedatFinnishfirmsandconcludedthattheiruseofadvancedtechnologiesledtoincreasesinhiring.Forallthat,themarchoftherobotswillbringbigchangestoworkplaces.Theskillsandfirmsthatarerewardedwillshift,too.Butthatneednotbethedisastermanyfear.Onesupposedexampleof“badautomation”isself-servicecheckoutsinsupermarketsbecausetheydisplacehumanworkers.Checkoutstaffwhoretraintohelpcustomerspickitemsfromaislesmaywellfindthatdealingwithpeopleinneedismorerewardingthanspendingalldayscanningbarcodes.Certainly,somepeoplewillbeonthelosingendofchangeevenastherobotsmakesocietyasawholebetteroff.Onelessonfromthefreewheelingglobalizationofthe1990sand2000sisthatthegrowthintradethatwasoverwhelminglybeneficialtriggeredapoliticalbacklash(強(qiáng)烈抵制)becausethelosersfeltleftbehind.Thatisonemorereasonwhyfirmsandgovernmentswoulddowelltorecognizethevalueofretrainingandlifelonglearning.Asjobschange,workersshouldbehelpedtoacquirenewskills,includinghowtoworkwithandmanagetherobotsthatwillincreasinglybetheircolleagues.Thepotentialgainsfromtherobotrevolutionhavejuststarted.Itwon’tbetheplotinsomefilmswheretherobotsfightagainsttheirhumanmastersandcausemassunemployment.31.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“indispensable”meaninParagraph1?A.Essential. B.Spare. C.Detective. D.Complicated.32.Whydoestheauthormentiontheexampleof“badautomation”inParagraph4?A.Toprovethatrobotswillnotbeadisaster.B.Toremindusofthebigchangesatworkplaces.C.Toillustratecheckoutstaffwillscanbarcodesslowly.D.Totellfirmsthevalueofretrainingandlifelonglearning.33.Accordingtotheauthor,whatwillhappenbecauseofnotarization?A.Itwillpushloserstoleavebehind.B.Robotsmayleadtomassunemployment.C.Peoplewillhelprobotstogainnewskills.D.Robotsandpeoplemaybecomeco-workers.34.Theauthormayagreethat___.A.jobswillbeatriskduetorobotsB.noevidenceshowsthatrobotswilldestroyjobsC.notarizationwillquicklyboostmassemploymentD.peoplehavebenefitedalotfromtherobotrevolution第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2分，共10分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Walkinghasbeenconsideredasoneofthebestpossibleexercises.Formanypeople,dailywalkingoffersmassiveandlong-termphysicalandmentalbenefits.___35___AStanfordUniversitystudyfoundthatparticipantsweremorecreativewhenwalkingasopposedtositting.___36___You’veprobablyheardthephrase“exerciseyourcreativity”,whichrefereetothebrainasmuscle.Ourcreativemindsetistriggeredbyphysicalmovement,whichisexactlywhywalking-withyourdog,afriend,oralone-feedscreativethinking.Butthesceneryisalmostasimportantasthesweat.Justbygoingoutside,youaresteppingoutofyourhabitualsurroundingsandyourcomfortzone,whichisnecessaryifyouwanttoopenyourmindtonewpossibilities.Youcanwalkthroughatree-filledneighborhood.___37___Evenwhenyouwalkdownabusystreet,youcan’thelpbutgetdistractedbythesweetsmellsfromafoodcartorthechildpointingtoabuildingyouhadn’tevennoticedbefore.Ourbrainsworkhardertoprocessindifferentenvironments.Therefore,walkingoutsidecultivatesourabilitytocollectnewideasandtakeinnewsights,sounds,smells,andflavors.Shinrin-yoku,acommonformofrelaxationinJapan,suggeststhatbeingintheforestandwalkingamongthetreescanloweryourstresslevels.___38___Researchhasshownthatimmersioninnatureandthedisconnectionfrommultimediaincreasedperformanceonacreativeproblem-solvingtaskinagroupofhikers.Soinsteadofsettingafitnessgoal,whyrotsetacreativitygoalthatjuststartswithwalkingoutdoors?___39___Forexample,youcanturnoffyourphoneandgiveyourselfthechancetobepresentintheworld,tohearconversationsandnaturalsounds,andtonoticethewaypeoplemoveandthewaythesunreflectsinalake.Walknotjustforexercise.Walkforwonder.A.Infact,youoftenfailtodoitbyyourself.B.Engagemorecloselywithyoursurroundings.C.Withoutenoughenergy,youcannotwonderorcreate.D.Thephysicalmovementduringwalkingisobviouslykey.E.Youcanwalkthroughaparkandobservepeoplerelaxingorbirdssinging.F.Butyoudon’thavetolivenearaforesttoreceivethepsychologicalbenefits.G.However,thishabitisn’tjustahealthyhabitbutanecessaryelementofcreativity.第三部分書面表達(dá)(共兩節(jié)，32分)第一節(jié)(共4小題：第40、41題各2分，第42題3分，第43題5分，共12分)閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求用英文回答問題。請?jiān)诖痤}卡指定區(qū)域作答。Lastyear,Ibakedbiscuitsforcompletestrangerstosay“thankyou”.I’dhadtocall999becauseIfoundmyhusbandunconsciousonthefloor.Withinminutes,apolicecararrivedandsoonmyhusbandreceivedmedicalcareinhospital.Aweeklater,whenIdroppedoffstill-warmbiscuitsandpresentedathank-younoteatthepolicestation,thepolicementhankedmefordeliveringgifts.Idroveawayfeelinglightandhappy.Later,Irealizedthatmynaturalhighmighthavebeenmorethanitseemed.Researchhasshownthatsharinggratitudehaspositiveeffectsonhealth.Peoplewhoexpressgratitudewillincreasetheirhappinesslevels,lowertheirbloodpressureandgetbettersleep.Whataboutpeoplewhoreceivegratitude?Researchhasconfirmedthatwhenpeoplereceivethanks,theyexperiencepositiveemotions.“Thosearehappysurprises,”saysJo-AnnTsang,aprofessorofpsychology.Whensomeoneisthanked,he’smorelikelytoreturnthefavororpasskindnesson,andhischancesofbeinghelpfulagaindoubles,probablybecauseheenjoysfeelingsociallyvalued.Thegive-and-takeofgratitudealsodeepensrelationships.Studiesshowthatwhenyourlovedonesregularlyexpressgratitude,makingyoufeelappreciated,you’remorelikelytoreturnappreciativefeelings,whichleadstomoresatisfactoryinyourrelationships.Nowadays,however,manypeopledon’texpressgratitude.Ourmodernlifestylemaybetoblame.Withcommercialandsocialmedia,everythingisspeedingtheyoungergenerationtofeelthey’rethecenteroftheworld.Ifit’sallaboutthem,whythankothers?Whynotthankothers?Justtakealookathowmanypositiveeffectscansaying“thankyou”haveonpersonalhealth—andthewell-beingofothers.Ifyouaren’tparticularlygrateful,Istronglysuggestyoulearntobe.Peoplewhoareinstructedtokeepgratitudejournals,inwhichtheywritedownpositivethingsthathappentothem,cultivategratitudeovertime.40.Whathealthbenefitscanpeoplegainfromexpressinggratitude?_______________________________________________________41.Howdopeopleprobablyrespondwhentheyreceivegratitudeandfeelsociallyvalued?_______________________________________________________42.Pleasedecidewhichpartofthefollowingstatementisfalse,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.?Saying“thank-you”improvesrelationships,butnowadayssomeyoungpeopledon’twanttodoitbecauseeverythingismakingthemfeelblamedbythewholesociety._______________________________________________________43.Ifpossible,whowouldyouliketoexpressgratitudetomost?Why?(Inabout40words)_______________________________________________________第二節(jié)(20分)44.假設(shè)你是紅星中學(xué)高三學(xué)生李華，你校將組織參觀中國載人航天工程成就展，你班的英國交換生Jim對中國航天興趣濃厚，請你寫一封郵件邀請他參加，內(nèi)容包括：1．活動(dòng)目的及時(shí)間安排；2．活動(dòng)內(nèi)容；3．詢問對方意向。注意：1．詞數(shù)100左右；2．開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。參考詞匯：中國載人航天工程成就展exhibitionofachievementsinChina’smannedspaceflightprogramDearJim.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua

參考答案第一部分：知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，30分)第一節(jié)完形填空(共10小題：每小題1.5分，共15分)【答案】1.C2.A3.B4.A5.C6.D7.A8.B9.D10.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者一家生活困難，在瀕臨絕望的時(shí)候，一個(gè)匿名的人給了他們一個(gè)裝有現(xiàn)金的信封幫他們度過了難關(guān)，最后發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)人居然是他們的兒子?！?題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：他們唯一清楚的是，我們必須削減開支。A.makeupfor補(bǔ)償；B.comeupwith提出；C.cutbackon消減；D.lookforwardto期待。根據(jù)上文“MyhusbandandIwentthroughtoughtimes(我和丈夫經(jīng)歷了艱難的時(shí)期)”可知他們需要消減開支，故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：但我們不想為他們無能為力幫忙的問題而困擾他們。A.bother打擾；煩擾；B.harm傷害；C.encourage鼓勵(lì)；D.support支持。根據(jù)下文“aproblemaboutwhichtheycoulddonothing(他們無能為力幫忙的問題)”可知，這些問題他們無能為力，所以父母不希望煩擾他們，故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：就在我們接近絕望的程度的時(shí)候，社區(qū)給了我們一個(gè)信封，這個(gè)信封放在了居委會(huì)的募捐箱里。A.anger生氣；B.desperation絕望；C.hope希望；D.relief解脫。根據(jù)下文“Youcouldimaginehowoverjoyedweweretoreceiveit,whichwasenoughtobringusthroughthedesperatetime.(你可以想象，我們收到它是多么的高興，這足以讓我們度過絕望的時(shí)光)”可知，作者一家的經(jīng)濟(jì)情況達(dá)到了絕望的程度，故選B項(xiàng)。【4題詳解】考查名詞所有格詞義辨析。句意：為了不讓接收者感到羞恥，人們偷偷地把錢放進(jìn)一個(gè)募捐箱里，每個(gè)信封上只有接收者的名字。A.receiver’s接收人的；B.giver’s贈(zèng)予人的；C.organizer’s組織者的；D.partner’s伙伴的。根據(jù)上文“ourcommunitygaveusanenvelope(社區(qū)給了我們一個(gè)信封)”可知，信封上面寫的是我們的名字，我們是接收者，故選A項(xiàng)。【5題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：然后，信封被分發(fā)給這些人，而他們不知道贈(zèng)予者的名字。A.related聯(lián)系；B.contributed貢獻(xiàn)；C.distributed分發(fā)；D.devoted奉獻(xiàn)。根據(jù)下文“withoutthemknowingthegivers’names(不知道贈(zèng)予者的名字)”可知，這是分發(fā)信封的方式，故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我們不禁想知道是誰送了這么慷慨的禮物。A.recall回憶；B.infer推理；C.imagine想象；D.wonder想知道。根據(jù)上文“Thentheenvelopesaredistributedtothosememberswithoutthemknowingthegivers’names(信封被分發(fā)給這些人，而他們不知道贈(zèng)予者的名字)”以及下文“Wewereenormouslygrateful(我們非常感激)”可知，我們得到了幫助，非常感激，但又不知道誰幫助了我們，想知道這個(gè)人是誰，故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：就在那時(shí)，我們才發(fā)現(xiàn)他的儲(chǔ)蓄賬戶幾乎是空的。A.discovered發(fā)現(xiàn)；B.thought思考；C.ensured確保；D.admitted承認(rèn)。根據(jù)下文“hissavingaccountwasalmostempty(他的儲(chǔ)蓄賬戶幾乎是空的)”可知，他的賬戶是空的，這是我們發(fā)現(xiàn)的，故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我們非常失望，反復(fù)要求他說出錢去了哪里。A.pessimistic悲觀的；B.disappointed失望的；C.frightened害怕的；D.guilty內(nèi)疚的。根據(jù)上文“wediscoverhissavingaccountwasalmostempty.We’dtrustedhimtoputthewagesfromhispart-timejobintothebank.(我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他的儲(chǔ)蓄賬戶幾乎是空的。我們原本相信他會(huì)把兼職工作的工資存入銀行)”可知，我們對他很失望，故選B項(xiàng)。【9題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：最后，在極大的猶豫之下，我兒子最終承認(rèn)前一年是他為我們把積蓄放進(jìn)了募捐箱。A.interaction互動(dòng)；B.explanation解釋；C.expectation期待；D.hesitation猶豫。根據(jù)下文“mysoneventuallyadmitted(我兒子最終承認(rèn))”可知，兒子是猶豫了很長時(shí)間才告知真相，故選D項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：他花了好幾年時(shí)間存了這筆錢，并心甘情愿地把錢給了我們，卻沒有告訴我們他做了什么。A.obviously顯而易見地；B.willingly樂意地；C.gradually逐漸地；D.accidentally偶然地。根據(jù)下文“withouttellinguswhathehaddone(沒有告訴我們他做了什么)”可知，他愿意這么做，故選B項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)語法填空(共10小題：每小題1.5分，共15分)【答案】11.surrounded12.what13.hasexpanded【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。作者站在湖岸邊，看著鞋子周圍的小石子，油然而生對生活的感悟。【11題詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：站在湖岸上，我忍不住欣賞著鞋子周圍的數(shù)百塊小石頭。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，空白處在定語從句中作謂語，因句子表達(dá)的是一個(gè)過去的動(dòng)作，應(yīng)使用一般過去時(shí)，故填surrounded?！?2題詳解】考查名詞性從句。句意：我想知道我們能從一堆石頭中學(xué)到什么。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，這是一個(gè)包含賓語從句的復(fù)合句，因空白處在句子中做主語表示內(nèi)容，使用what引導(dǎo)定語從句，故填what?！?3題詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：隨著時(shí)間的推移，我發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的態(tài)度被軟化了，理解他人的欲望也擴(kuò)大了。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，空白處在句子中作謂語，因句子表示的是過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響，謂語動(dòng)詞使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，故填hasexpanded。【答案】14.of15.befound16.extremely17.our【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章簡要介紹了石油控制著我們生活的方方面面?！?4題詳解】考查介詞。句意：石油主宰著我們生活的方方面面。根據(jù)空白處上文“aspect(方面)”以及下文“ourlife(我們生活)”可知上下文之間為所屬關(guān)系，故填of?！?5題詳解】考查被動(dòng)語態(tài)。句意：此外，它甚至可以在我們食物生長的土壤的肥料中找到。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，空白處在句子中作謂語，與主語之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，因空白處前面有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can，空白處只需填be+過去分詞，故填befound?！?6題詳解】考查副詞。句意：石油使國家變得極其富有，而石油短缺會(huì)使經(jīng)濟(jì)陷入癱瘓。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，空白處在句子中作狀語，使用副詞，故填extremely。【17題詳解】考查代詞。句意：簡而言之，這種黑色粘稠的物質(zhì)一直在統(tǒng)治著我們的世界。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，空白處在句子中作定語，應(yīng)使用形容詞性物主代詞，故填our?！敬鸢浮?8.hitting19.Tosense20.which【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹我們是怎樣感知到冷的?！?8題詳解】考查現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語。句意：當(dāng)我們在冬天外出時(shí)，冷風(fēng)穿過我們的衣服，猛烈地襲擊我們的身體部位。此處句子主語coldwind和動(dòng)詞hit之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，是現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語。故填hitting?！?9題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語。句意：為了感知寒冷，大腦使用一種名為TRPM8的受體。此處是動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語，且to的首字母大寫。故填Tosense?！?0題詳解】考查非限制性定語從句。句意：當(dāng)TRPM8受到刺激時(shí)，它會(huì)向大腦發(fā)送一個(gè)電信號，大腦將這個(gè)信號理解為“冷”。此處thebrain作先行詞，指物，在后面的非限制性定語從句中作主語，定語從句由關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)。故填which。第二部分：閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，38分)第一節(jié)(共14小題：每小題2分，共28分)【答案】21.B22.A23.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了旅游的幾種創(chuàng)造性形式，如導(dǎo)游徒步旅行、自助徒步旅行、海岸漫步和叢林漫步?！?1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“GuidedWalkingTours”部分的“Guidedwalkingtoursareaninformativeandfunwaytodeeplyunderstandtheareaaboutacity’shistoryandthepeoplethere(導(dǎo)游徒步旅行是一種信息豐富、有趣的方式，可以深入了解該地區(qū)的城市歷史和那里的人們)”可知，導(dǎo)游徒步旅行可以讓你深入了解這一區(qū)域，故選B項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“BushWalkingTours”部分的“Attheveryleastyoushouldletyourfamilyorfriendsknowwhereyouaregoing.Thisisusefulifyougetlost(至少你應(yīng)該讓你的家人或朋友知道你要去哪里。如果你迷路了，這很有用)”可知，Bushwalkingtours需要提前告知家人，故選A項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)“GuidedWalkingTours”部分的“Youcantakethiskindoftouranytimeandanywhere(你可以隨時(shí)隨地參加這種旅行).”、“Self-GuidedWalkingTours”部分的“Youcantaketheminanyseasonyoulike(你可以在任何你喜歡的季節(jié)參加)”、“CoastalWalkingTours”部分的“Coastalwalksareforallyearround.(海岸步道全年開放)”以及“BushWalkingTours”部分的“Bushwalkscanbeafamilyactivitywithyourdogthroughouttheyear(布什散步可以是一年中與你的狗一起進(jìn)行的家庭活動(dòng))”可知，這些旅游的共同之處是你可以在一年中隨時(shí)參與，故選A項(xiàng)?！敬鸢浮?4.D25.D26.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章主要報(bào)道了Santellano開車帶著兩個(gè)孩子時(shí)，突然遭遇車禍，幸虧得到了好心人的救助才得以獲救。【24題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Suddenly,aredpickuptruckcutthemoff.Santellanoturnedthewheelhardtotheright,sendingthecarrunningofftheroadanddownanembankment(路堤)thatendedinadrop-offafterabout50feet.(突然，一輛紅色皮卡擋住了他們的去路。Santellano使勁向右轉(zhuǎn)方向盤