中考英語被動(dòng)語態(tài)精講練

被動(dòng)語態(tài)：表示主語是動(dòng)作的承受者例1：Englishisspokenbymanypeople.(主語English是動(dòng)詞speak的承受者。)例2：ThisEnglishsongissungbyMillie.(主語thisEnglishsong是動(dòng)詞sing發(fā)出的，即sing這個(gè)動(dòng)作的承受者。)(二)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法1.不知道或沒有必要指出誰是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)。Somenewcomputerswerestolenlastnight.一些新電腦在昨晚被盜了。(不知道電腦是誰偷的)Thisbookwaspublishedin1981.這本書出版于1981年。(沒有必要或說出出版者)2.強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者，而不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。Thewindowwasbrokenbymike.窗戶是邁克打破的。Thetigerwaskilledbyhim.老虎被他殺死了。3.當(dāng)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者不是人時(shí)，多用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。

Thewindowwasblownbywind.窗戶被風(fēng)吹開了。Thewholevillagehasbeenwashedawaybytheflood.整個(gè)村莊都被洪水沖走了。4.表示客觀的說明常用“Itis+過去分詞”句型。

ItissaidthatLucyhasgoneabroad.據(jù)說露茜已經(jīng)出國了。Itisbelievedthatheisaspy.大家相信他是個(gè)間諜。(三)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語態(tài)由“be＋及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成。注：不及物動(dòng)詞本身沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。

人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化是通過be的變化表現(xiàn)出來的。

及物動(dòng)詞---本身意義不完整，后必須帶賓語，有些還可以帶雙賓。不及物動(dòng)詞---本身意義完整，不需要帶賓語，如帶賓語必須通過介詞。(四)主動(dòng)句變成被動(dòng)句主動(dòng)變被動(dòng)的基本“三部曲”1.變賓為主：即變主動(dòng)語態(tài)的動(dòng)詞賓語為被動(dòng)語態(tài)的主語，當(dāng)賓語為人稱代詞的時(shí)候，注意賓格和主格的轉(zhuǎn)換。2.把謂語變成被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)：即be+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞。3.變主語為介詞by的賓語：即變主動(dòng)語態(tài)的主語為被動(dòng)語態(tài)介詞by的賓語，當(dāng)主語為人稱代詞時(shí)，注意主格和賓格的轉(zhuǎn)換。歌訣：賓變主，主變賓，歌訣：賓變主，主變賓，by短語后面跟。謂語動(dòng)詞變被動(dòng)，be后“過分”來使用。主動(dòng)句：主語+謂語+賓語被動(dòng)句：主語+be+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞+by+賓語例：IwatchedafootballmatchonTVlastnight.→AfootballmatchonTVwaswatchedbymelastnight.(五)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的句式結(jié)構(gòu)以一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)為例：肯定句主語+be+動(dòng)詞過去分詞TheroomiscleanedbyTom.否定句主語+be+not+動(dòng)詞過去分詞Theroomisn’tcleanedbyTom.一般疑問句Be+主語+動(dòng)詞過去分詞?IstheroomcleanedbyTom?肯/否定回答Yes,主語+be.No,主語+be+not.Yes,itis.No,itisn’t.【例題】1.Keepquiet,please!Talking____duringthemeeting.A.isnotallowed B.isallowed C.doesn'tallow D.allows2.Thechildwithoutparents____goodcareofbyhisteachersinthisspecialschool.A.istaken B.aretaken C.take D.takes3.Lookatournewschool.It____lastyear.A.built B.wasbuilt C.isbuilt D.willbebuilt4.Inordertomakeourcitymorebeautiful,moretreesandflowers_____everyyear.A.willplant B.shouldplant C.shouldbeplanted D.shouldareplanted答案：AABC(六)不同時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)形式時(shí)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)am/is/are+done一般過去時(shí)was/were+done一般將來時(shí)shall/will/begoingto+bedone過去將來時(shí)would+be+done現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)am/is/are+being+done過去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/were+being+done現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/has+been+done過去完成時(shí)had+been+done含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+done(七)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的注意事項(xiàng)1.在含有使役動(dòng)詞（make,let,have）、感官動(dòng)詞（hear,see,watch,find,feel等）以及help的句子中，在主動(dòng)語態(tài)中這些詞后接動(dòng)詞原形（即省to的動(dòng)詞不定式），在變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，須將to補(bǔ)上。Isawhimplayfootballontheplaygroundjustnow.→Hewasseentoplayfootballontheplaygroundbyme.2.teach,give,show,pass,buy,tell等后常接兩個(gè)賓語，即雙賓語：直接賓語（表物的）和間接賓語（表人的）。變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，可以選取其中任一個(gè)做主語。但需要注意的是：如果選取直接賓語做主語時(shí)，那么間接賓語錢須加相應(yīng)的介詞for或to。Helenshowedmeaphoto.→IwasshownaphotobyHelen.→AphotowasshowntomebyHelen.3.由“不及物動(dòng)詞+介詞/副詞+賓語”的句子變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，介詞或副詞不能丟掉Shetookgoodcareofhergrandmother.→Hergrandmotherwastakengoodcareofbyher.(八)不用被動(dòng)語態(tài)的情況1.不及物動(dòng)詞，連系動(dòng)詞及短語不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)，常見的動(dòng)happen,appear,stay,breakout,takeplace,belongto,cometrue,comeout等。Thefamouswriter’snewbookwillcomeoutsoon.那位著名作家的新書馬上就要出版了。2.主語是感覺的對象，動(dòng)詞表示給人以什么樣的感覺，如smell(聞起來)，taste(嘗起來)，feel(摸起來)，look(看起來)，sound(聽起來)通常用作連系動(dòng)詞，后面用形容詞作表語，不用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)。Thesilkfeelssoft.絲綢摸上去軟綿綿的。3.不定式在形容詞后做狀語時(shí)構(gòu)成be+adj+todo結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，不定式不用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)。常見的形容詞有easy,hard,difficult等。Thequestioniseasytoanswer.這個(gè)問題容易回答。4.不定式做后置定語時(shí)，如果不定式的邏輯主語能在句中找到，不定式用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。反之，不能找到不定式的邏輯主語，不定式用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。Ihavealotofhomeworktodothisevening.今晚我又許多家庭作業(yè)要做。5.在require,need等后用動(dòng)名詞主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，也可以用不定式被動(dòng)語態(tài)。如：Myoldbikeneedsrepairing=Myoldbikeneedstoberequired。我的舊自行車需要修一下。6.有些動(dòng)詞如write,sell等用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義。Thispenwriteswell.這支筆很好寫?！纠}】1.Everyday,toomuchwater____inourschool.Weshouldsaveit.A.iswasted B.wastes C.waswasted D.wasted2.Thestudentsinthisschoolaremade____schooluniformsonMonday.A.towear B.wearing C.wear D.worn3.Anewhospital____inmytownnextyear.A.builds B.built C.isbuilt D.willbebuilt4.Tomygreatsurprise,thefamousathlete'sstory____differentlyinthenewspaper.A.wasreported B.reported C.wasreportingD.reports答案：AADA語法專練用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.English______(use)asasecondlanguagebypeopleinmanycountries.2.WouldyoupleasetellMissLithatshe______(choose)asavolunteerforthesportsgame?3.Allkindsofshoes______(sell)inthatshop.4.Whenwegotothepark,wefoundit______(close).單項(xiàng)填空。1.Anewhospital_____________inmytownnextyear.A.builds B.built C.isbuilt D.willbebuilt2.English____inCanada.A.speaks

B.arespoken

C.isspeaking D.isspoken3.ThisEnglishsong_______bythegirlsafterclass.A.oftensings

B.oftensang

C.isoftensang D.isoftensung4.Thiskindofcar_______inJapan.A.makes

B.made

C.ismaking D.ismade5.Newcomputers_______allovertheworld.A.isused

B.areusing

C.areused

D.haveused按要求完成句子。1.Theboyeatstwobananaseachday.(改為被動(dòng)語態(tài))Thetwobananas_____________________theboyeachday.2.Thepostmanbringssomenewspaperstomyhomeeveryweek.(改為被動(dòng)語態(tài))Somenewspapers______________tomyhomeeveryweek.3.WecelebratetheSpringFestivaleveryyear.(改為被動(dòng)語態(tài))TheSpringFestival_____________________useveryyear.4.ThemobilephoneismadeinJapan.(對畫線部分提問)______________themobilephone_______?單項(xiàng)填空

1.Teenagersshouldn'tbeallowed________,becausetheyarenotseriousenough.A.todrive B.drive C.driving D.todriving2.Theroom________everyday.A.cleans B.mustclean C.becleaned D.mustbecleaned3.Sorry,yourcar______infrontofthehotel.A.canput B.benotput C.can'tbeput D.canbenotput4.OurEnglishteacherisverystrict_______usandheisstrict________histeaching.A.with;at B.with;with C.at;at D.with;in5.—What'sthematter?—TheysaidIshouldnotbeallowed_______

here.Theydon'tallow_______inthewaitingroom.A.smoking;tosmoke B.tosmoke;smokeC.tosmoke;smoking D.smoking;smoking把下列句子改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)WeshouldhelpMarywithswimming.Mary_____________________withswimmingbyus.Hishairistoolong.Heshouldhaveitcut.Hishairistoolong.It_____________________.Mymotheraskedmetodothehomeworkatonce.I_____________________dothehomeworkatoncebymymother.Hecanallowyoutomakeyourowndecision.You_____________________tomakeyourowndecisionbyhim.Wemaycleantheroomthisafternoon.Theroom_____________________byusthisafternoon.單項(xiàng)選擇1.[2023河北40題]Breakfasteverydayforpeopleagedover60forfreeinthisvillage.A.provides B.provided C.isprovided D.wasprovided2.[2022河北40題]—Mmm…Delicious.Whatisit?—Itzongzi,Tony.It'satraditionalfoodinChina.A.calls B.iscalled C.called D.wascalled3.[2021河北39題]Thesegiftsbychildrenintheirlastsummerholidays.A.made B.weremade C.make D.aremade4.[2020河北37題]Trainticketsonline.Itisconvenient.A.sold B.weresold C.aresold D.havesold5.[2023天津]SomephotosofthemoonintheSpaceC