2024版高考英語復(fù)習(xí)語法專題：形容詞和副詞課件北師大版

語法專題突破第2講形容詞和副詞英語內(nèi)容索引情境導(dǎo)入考點(diǎn)解讀技法圖解考點(diǎn)達(dá)標(biāo)檢測情境導(dǎo)入Somepeoplethinkthattheywillgetilliftheyusetheirbrainstoomuch.Itisnottrue.Throughmanystudies,scientistsshowusthatthe

moreyouuseyourbrain,the

betteritwillbeandthe

cleverer①youwillbecome.Ofcourse,ifyouwanttokeepyourmindclearandactive,youmusttakeaproperrestandstudyproperly②.Totheteenagers,usingtheirbrainsinthemorningisgoodfortheirhealth.Therearemanywaystorest.Oneisapeaceful③rest.Sleepisapeacefulrest.Anotherisanactiverest.Forexample,youcantakeawalkoutdoorsanddomoreexerciseeveryday.用法感悟1.根據(jù)①可知,“the

+比較級(jí),the+比較級(jí)”意為“

”。

2.②中的properly為

詞,其詞根是

,詞綴為

。3.③中的peaceful為形容詞,其詞根是

,詞綴為

。

越……越……

副

proper

-ly

peace

-ful

考點(diǎn)解讀一、形容詞與副詞的構(gòu)詞知識(shí)1.名詞、動(dòng)詞變形容詞2.形容詞變副詞形容詞不同詞尾變副詞加-ly的口訣:(一般直接加)

clear→clearly清楚地great→greatly很,大大地(元e去e加)

true→truly真實(shí)地(輔y變i加)

happy→happily高興地heavy→heavily沉重地(-le尾e變y)

terrible→terribly可怕地gentle→gently輕輕地(-ll尾只加-y)

full→fully完全地dull→dully遲鈍地(-ic加-ally)

basic→basically主要地scientific→scientifically合乎科學(xué)地3.-ed結(jié)尾的形容詞修飾物的用法-ed結(jié)尾的形容詞通常用于說明人的感受,常譯為“感到……的”,強(qiáng)調(diào)人自身的情感波動(dòng);修飾事物時(shí),則多修飾smile(微笑),feeling(感覺),cry(叫聲),face(表情),voice(聲音),look(表情),eye(眼神),expression(表情)等表示某人情感狀況的名詞。Hehada

pleased

smileonhisface.他的臉上露出了滿意的微笑。Hetoldmethenewsina

very

excited

voice.他以非常激動(dòng)的聲音告訴了我這個(gè)消息。二、比較等級(jí)的用法(一)比較級(jí)1.比較級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu):形容詞/副詞的比較級(jí)+than;more/less+多音節(jié)或某些雙音節(jié)的形容詞或副詞+than。常見的修飾比較級(jí)的詞(組)有any,much,even,far,byfar,alot,agreatdeal等。Thebookisfar

more

interestingthanthebooksIhaveeverread.這本書比我以前讀的書有趣多了。2.比較級(jí)的常用句型(1)“比較級(jí)+and+比較級(jí)”或“moreandmore+原級(jí)”表示“越來越……”。Holidayflightticketsaregettingless

and

less

expensive.假期的機(jī)票越來越便宜了。(2)“the+比較級(jí)...,the+比較級(jí)...”表示“越……,越……”。The

moreyoulistenandread,the

betteryouwriteandspeak.你聽得越多、讀得越多,你的寫作和口語就越好。(3)“the+比較級(jí)+of(the)+名詞/代詞”表示“(兩者中)較……的”。Ofthetwocameras,Iwouldpreferthe

smaller

one,whichisveryeasyformetocarry.這兩個(gè)照相機(jī),我喜歡較小的一個(gè),它容易攜帶。3.比較級(jí)形式表達(dá)最高級(jí)的含義(1)“否定詞語+比較級(jí)”或“否定詞語+such/so...as”結(jié)構(gòu)表示最高級(jí)含義。Yourstoryisperfect;I’veneverheardabetteronebefore.你的故事太完美了,我從來沒有聽過比這更好的故事。(2)比較級(jí)在以下幾種結(jié)構(gòu)中均表示最高級(jí)含義:①比較級(jí)+thananyother+單數(shù)名詞;②比較級(jí)+thanalltheother+復(fù)數(shù)名詞;③比較級(jí)+thananyoftheother+復(fù)數(shù)名詞。TheYangtzeRiverislonger

than

any

other

river/than

all

the

other

rivers/than

any

of

the

other

riversinChina.長江比中國的其他任何一條河都長。(二)最高級(jí)最高級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu):the+形容詞的最高級(jí)(+名詞)+比較范圍(in/of/among短語);oneofthe+形容詞的最高級(jí)+名詞復(fù)數(shù)。常用來修飾最高級(jí)的詞(組)有byfar,almost以及序數(shù)詞等。Raymond’sparentswantedhimtohavethe

besteducation.雷蒙德的父母想讓他接受最好的教育。(三)倍數(shù)表達(dá)法常見的倍數(shù)表達(dá)句型主要有:(1)Ais+倍數(shù)+比較級(jí)+than+BSmokingisharmfultopeople’shealth,killingseven

times

morepeopleeachyearthantrafficaccidents.吸煙有害健康,每年因抽煙而喪命的人數(shù)是死于交通事故的人數(shù)的7倍。(2)Ais+倍數(shù)+as+原級(jí)+as+B(3)Ais+倍數(shù)+the+名詞(size,length,height等)+of+BOurclassroomisthree

times

as

large

astheirs.=Ourclassroomisthree

times

larger

thantheirs.=Ourclassroomisthree

times

the

size

oftheirs.我們的教室是他們教室的三倍大。(4)Ais+倍數(shù)+what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句Thelengthoftheroadisfour

times

what

it

was

three

years

ago.這條路的長度是三年前的四倍。小題快練

單句語法填空1.Withthisthought,twoNigeriansingers,WajeandCobhams,

(recent)broughttheirmusictoChinaduringthisdifficulttime.

2.Thewordtongpaoisnowusedtodescribewhoeverappreciates

(tradition)HanChineseclothing.

recently

考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。此處修飾動(dòng)詞brought,應(yīng)用副詞形式,故填recently。

traditional考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。該空修飾名詞Han

Chinese

clothing,應(yīng)用形容詞,所以填traditional。3.Atthesite,morethan500artifacts,includinggoldmasks,bronzeitems,jadeandclothes,havebeenunearthedfromthepits,whichare3,200to4,000yearsold.Thebroadcastfueledvisitors’interestinnumerousartifacts

(early)atthesite,whichareondisplayatthemuseum.

earlier考查副詞比較級(jí)。句意:這段廣播激起了游客對(duì)早些時(shí)候在該遺址展出的許多文物的興趣。根據(jù)后文“which

are

on

display

at

the

museum”可知,此處指“更早些時(shí)候展出的文物”。故填earlier。4.Theircomplaintsthatthingsusedtobebetterinthepastorthatsomenewdevelopmentisnogoodcanberegardedastheunavoidablethoughtsofpeoplewhosimplydon’tlikechangeandaretherefore

(able)toseethebenefitsofprogress.

unable考查形容詞。句意:他們抱怨過去的事物更好,或者一些新的發(fā)展不好,這些都可以被認(rèn)為是人們不可避免的想法,他們只是不喜歡改變,因此看不到進(jìn)步的好處。根據(jù)系動(dòng)詞are可知,此處要用形容詞作表語。故填unable。5.TheoriginalBeijing-Zhangjiakourailway,China’sfirst

(independent)designedline,wasfirstputintooperationin1909fortrainsgoing35kilometersperhour.

independently考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。此處應(yīng)用副詞修飾形容詞designed。故填independently。

技法圖解【例1】

Hisforeignperspective,

(globe)visionandWesternwayofthinkingmakeaconsistentnarration.

分析:解本題時(shí)可采用句法功能法。設(shè)空處作定語,修飾名詞vision,故應(yīng)用形容詞形式。global【例2】

Thisisthesecond

(deep)recordintheworldaftertheonesetbytheRussianVityaz-DAUV.

分析:解本題時(shí)可采用語境分析法。根據(jù)“after

the

one

set

by

the

Russian

Vityaz-D

AUV”可知,此處表示這是繼俄羅斯Vityaz-D

AUV之后的世界第二深的記錄,所以second

后跟deep的最高級(jí)。deepest考點(diǎn)達(dá)標(biāo)檢測Ⅰ.單句語法填空模擬沖關(guān)1.AfterthefoundingofthePRC,thecentralgovernmentinvested

(enormous)inBeijingglassware.

2.Onfestive

(occasion),astorytellermightbeinvitedtoperformintheprivatehomesoftheupperclassesandevenatthecourt.

enormously考查副詞。句中invested是動(dòng)詞過去式,應(yīng)由副詞修飾;所給詞enormous是形容詞,其副詞是enormously。故填enormously。occasions考查名詞的數(shù)。occasion為可數(shù)名詞,前面沒有冠詞,故應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)。故填occasions。3.However,theyareimportantpartofChineseculture,andit’sour

(responsible)toprotectandmaintainthem.

4.ButJapan,whichlacksitsownmineralresources,iskeenontakingthethemeofasustainablefutureastep

(far).

responsibility考查名詞。句意:然而,它們是中國文化的重要組成部分,保護(hù)和維護(hù)它們是我們的責(zé)任。形容詞性物主代詞修飾名詞,故填responsibility。further

考查比較級(jí)。句意:但是,由于缺乏自己的礦產(chǎn)資源,日本熱衷于將可持續(xù)未來的主題更進(jìn)一步。結(jié)合句意可知,此處表示“將某事更進(jìn)一步”,短語為take

sth

a

step

further。故填further。5.Itclaimedthesewerethe

(strict)measuresinChina’sgameindustrytopreventaddictionandthecompanyexpectedtheywouldeaseparents’anxiety.

strictest

考查形容詞最高級(jí)。in

China’s

game

industry是一個(gè)范圍,表示這些措施在游戲產(chǎn)業(yè)中是最嚴(yán)厲的,應(yīng)使用最高級(jí)形式,故填strictest。真題演練1.(2022全國甲卷)CaoandWualsocollectedgarbagealongtheroad,inordertopromoteenvironmental

(protect).Caobelievesthiswillmakethehikingtripevenmore

(meaning).Thetwoofthemcollectedmorethan1,000plasticbottlesalongthe40-dayjourney.

protection

meaningful

protection

考查名詞。形容詞修飾名詞;根據(jù)空前的形容詞environmental可知,該處應(yīng)用名詞形式protection,表示“環(huán)境保護(hù)”。meaningful

考查形容詞。該處作賓語補(bǔ)足語,表示這將使得徒步旅行更有意義。故用形容詞。2.(2022全國乙卷)AsamainpromoteroftheInternationalTeaDay,thebirthplaceofteaandthe

(large)tea-producingcountry,Chinahasa

(responsible)toworkwithothercountriestopromotethehealthydevelopmentoftheteaindustry.

largest

responsibility

largest

考查形容詞最高級(jí)。根據(jù)定冠詞the和常識(shí)可知,中國是最大的產(chǎn)茶國,所以用形容詞的最高級(jí)形式。故填largest。responsibility

考查名詞。不定冠詞a后接可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式。故填responsibility。3.(2022新高考全國Ⅰ卷)TheGPNP’smaingoalistoimproveconnectivitybetweenseparate

(population)andhomesofgiantpandas,

and

(eventual)achieveadesiredlevelofpopulationinthewild.populations

eventually

populations

考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。此處population表示“數(shù)量”,因?yàn)榍懊嬗衧eparate(不同的)修飾,所以此處用population的復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填populations。eventually

考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。此處需要副詞修飾后面的動(dòng)詞achieve。故填eventually。4.(2022新高考全國Ⅱ卷)“Hesavedmy

(son)life,”saidMrs.Brown.“Idon’tknowhowtothankhim.”

5.(2021全國乙卷)Provide

(finance)aidandotherbenefitsforlocalpeoples.

son’s

考查名詞所有格。句意:他拯救了我兒子的生命。根據(jù)句意,life與提示詞son之間是所屬關(guān)系,故應(yīng)該使用名詞所有格。故填son’s。financial

考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。此處修飾名詞aid,應(yīng)該用形容詞形式financial。

6.(2021新高考全國Ⅰ卷)Thehotspringatthefootofthemountainissomethingyoumusttryaftertheclimb.Itwill

(undoubted)helpyougetrefreshed!Theamazingthingaboutthespringisthatthecolderthetemperaturegets,the

(hot)thespring!Strange,isn’tit?Butthat’shownatureis—alwaysleavingus

(astonish).

undoubtedly

hotter

astonished

undoubtedly

考查副詞。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu),此句謂語為“will

help”,由此可知,此處應(yīng)該要用副詞形式作狀語。hotter

考查比較級(jí)。分析句意“溫度越低,溫泉就越熱”可知,此處應(yīng)為“the+比較級(jí),the+比較級(jí)”結(jié)構(gòu)。astonished

考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。結(jié)合句意“總是使我們驚訝”可知,空格處應(yīng)為賓語us的補(bǔ)足語,說明賓語的狀態(tài)“感到驚訝的”,故用過去分詞形式。Ⅱ.語法與寫作1.(2022全國甲卷,書面表達(dá))參與的人越多,海洋環(huán)境就越好。(the+比較級(jí),the+比較級(jí))2.(2021全國乙卷,書面表達(dá))此外,我們可以利用各種資源使學(xué)習(xí)更有趣。(比較級(jí))Themorepeopleareinvolved,thebettertheoceanenvironmentis.

Besides,wecanuseallkindsofresourcestomakelearningmoreinteresting.

3.(2021全國甲卷,書面表達(dá))眾所周知,中國是世界四大文明古國之一,有著5000多年的歷史和無數(shù)博大精深的文化。(名詞復(fù)數(shù))4.(2020新高考全國Ⅰ卷)John認(rèn)為沒有什么比幫助別人自力更生更有意義的事情了。(否定詞+比較級(jí))Johnthought

was

thanhelpingothersearnalivingbythemselves.

Asweallknow,Chinaisoneofthefourancientcivilizationswithmorethan5,000yearshistoryandcountlessprofoundcultures.nothing

moremeaningful

Ⅲ.語法填空(名詞、形容詞和副詞專練)MaryhadlivedinChinafornearlytwenty1.

(year)beforeshecamehere.I’veplannedtovisitChinanextyear.SoIrequestedhertotellmethe2.

(good)timetogothere.Marysaidtome,“ThemostcomfortabletimetovisitChinaiseitherbetweenMarchandMayorbetweenSeptemberandearlyNovember.Duringthesemonths,theweatheris3.

(particular)pleasantthroughoutthecountry,neithertoohotnortoocold.”

years

best

particularly

I’m4.

(interest)intastingallkindsoffoodallovertheworld.Iaskedhertosaysomethingaboutthe5.

(China)food.“Well,Chines