廣東省汕頭市澄海區(qū)2023-2024學(xué)年高二上學(xué)期期末考試英語(yǔ)試題【含答案解析】

2023-2024學(xué)年度第一學(xué)期期末質(zhì)量監(jiān)測(cè)高二級(jí)英語(yǔ)科試題注意事項(xiàng)：1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)填寫在答題卡上。2.回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其它答案標(biāo)號(hào)。回答非選擇題時(shí)，將答案寫在答題卡上，寫在本試卷上無(wú)效。第一部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AAsthesayinggoes,nobody’sperfect.Thatmeanswehaveroomforatleastsomeimprovementinourlives.Andno,we’renottalkingaboutgettingabetter-paidjoboranewhaircut;we’rereferringtoinnerimprovement.Ifyou’rewishingforsomeinnerimprovementinyourlives,considerreadingthefollowingbooks.The7HabitsofHighlyEffectiveTeenswrittenbySeanCoveyTomakethisbookage-appropriateandfuntoread,Coveybreaksupthetextwithcartoons,quotes,andbrainstormingideastobringthebooktogether.Thebookcoverstopicslikebodyimage,friendships,Internetsafety,andmuchmore.Thebookisespeciallygoodforteenagers.ANewEarthwrittenbyEckhartTolleThebookgoesbeyondteachinghowtoliveinthemomentandhelpsreaderslearnhowtoturntheirsufferingintopeace.Alltypesofsufferingareaddressedinthebook.Whetheryoursufferingiscausedbyanger,sadness,anxiety,orothers,Tollewillhelpyouseelifefromvariedways,awakeningyoutoyourlife’spurpose.DeclutterYourMindwrittenbyBarrieDavenportThisbookisfullofvariousexercises.You’lllearnhowtochangenegativethoughtstopositiveones,strategiestohelpwithrelationships,howtoidentifywhat’simportanttoyou,howtosetgoals,andmuchmore.Thispowerfulbookwilldoitspartinofferingvarioustipstodealwithanoveractivemind.BigMagicwrittenbyElizabethGilbertFromcreatingnewhabitstodealingwithfearandsurroundingyourselfwithlike-mindedindividuals,Gilbertanalyzesthedifficultiesacreativepersonmayfaceinpursuinghisdreams.Thebestpartofthisbookistheusageofstoriesfromregularmenandwomenacrossthecountry.1.Whichbookbestsuitsonewho’sstrugglingtofindlife’spurpose?A.The7HabitsofHighlyEffectiveTeens. B.ANewEarth.C.DeclutterYourMind. D.BigMagic.2.Whousesreal-lifeexamplesinhisorherbook?A.SeanCovey. B.EckhartTolle.C.BarrieDavenport. D.ElizabethGilbert.3.Whattypeofbooksarethefourbooks?A.Self-helpbooks. B.Sciencebooks.C.Healthbooks. D.Adventurebooks.【答案】1.B2.D3.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章就內(nèi)在的改善方面推薦了四本書?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章ANewEarthwrittenbyEckhartTolle中“Thebookgoesbeyondteachinghowtoliveinthemomentandhelpsreaderslearnhowtoturntheirsufferingintopeace.Alltypesofsufferingareaddressedinthebook.Whetheryoursufferingiscausedbyanger,sadness,anxiety,orothers,Tollewillhelpyouseelifefromvariedways,awakeningyoutoyourlife’spurpose.(這本書不僅教會(huì)讀者如何活在當(dāng)下，還幫助讀者學(xué)會(huì)如何將痛苦轉(zhuǎn)化為和平。書中提到了所有類型的痛苦。無(wú)論你的痛苦是由憤怒、悲傷、焦慮還是其他原因引起的，Tolle都會(huì)幫助你從不同的角度看待生活，喚醒你的人生目標(biāo)。)”可知，ANewEarth這本書最適合努力尋找人生目標(biāo)的人。故選B項(xiàng)。【2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由BigMagicwrittenbyElizabethGilbert中“Thebestpartofthisbookistheusageofstoriesfromregularmenandwomenacrossthecountry.(這本書最精彩的部分是使用了來(lái)自全國(guó)各地普通男女的故事。)”可知，ElizabethGilbert在書中使用真實(shí)的例子。故選D項(xiàng)。【3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第一段“Asthesayinggoes,nobody’sperfect.Thatmeanswehaveroomforatleastsomeimprovementinourlives.Andno,we’renottalkingaboutgettingabetter-paidjoboranewhaircut;we’rereferringtoinnerimprovement.Ifyou’rewishingforsomeinnerimprovementinyourlives,considerreadingthefollowingbooks.(俗話說(shuō)，人無(wú)完人。這意味著我們的生活至少還有一些改善的空間。不，我們不是在談?wù)撜乙环菪剿叩墓ぷ骰蛐掳l(fā)型；我們指的是內(nèi)在的改善。如果你希望自己的生活有所改善，可以考慮閱讀以下書籍。)”可知，這四本書都是自我?guī)椭愋偷臅?。故選A項(xiàng)。BInapostsharedonTwitterlastMonday,thewoman,AmyClukey,explainedthatherdad,Rick,abeekeeper,diedoflungcanceraboutnineyearsago.But,beforepassingaway,hewroteanotethathehopedoneofhischildrenwouldlaterfind,andfinallyaftersolong,herlittlebrother,whoisnow16yearsold,founditinhisfather’sbeekeepingclothes.Thenotesaid,“Ihopeoneofmychildreniscuriousaboutbeekeeping.Beekeepingisactuallyprettyeasyandyoucanlearneverythingonline.Beesmakemoreproductsthanjusthoney;itcanbeasourceofextraincome.Sodon’tbeafraid,havecourage.Goodluck.LoveDad.”Thebeepopulationin2019consistedprimarilyofwildbees,andNorthDakotahasthehighesthoneyproductionwithover38millionpounds.Clukeyexplainedthatherfatherboughtafarmwhenhewasinhis40s,anditwasthenthathetookupbeekeepingandotherhobbieslikeraisingcattleandhorses.Sheadded,“Whenhewasdiagnosed(診斷)withstage4lungcancer,thedoctorstoldhimthathehad18monthstolive.Hewasafighter:Helived5yearsandaweekafterhisdiagnosis.”Theposthasattractedalotofreadersontheplatformandhasreceivedover42,800likes,2,333comments,and749,000re-sharesinlessthan24hours,andinthecomments,thewomanaddedthatwhileshedoesn’tdobeekeepingherself,twoofherbrothersareinterestedinit.Oneusercommented,“Ilostmydadin2018.Thispostmakesmecry.”Andanotherusersaid,“Mydadisinthelastfewweeksofhislifebattlingcancer.I’llcomebacktothepostinacoupleofmonthswhenIneeditagain.”Andonealsosharedthestoryofherpersonalloss,writing,“Ilostmyhusbandhalfayearago.Heusedtoleavelittlenotesalloverthehouse.Ican’tbringmyselftomoveanything.”4.Whatdidthefatherwishaccordingtothetext?A.Hischildrencouldmakebigmoney.B.Oneofhischildrencouldfindthehiddennote.C.Oneofhischildrencouldbeinterestedinkeepingbees.D.Hischildrencouldmakegreatcontributiontothehoneyproduction.5.WhatkindofpersonwasAmy’sfather?A.Hard-workingandbrave. B.Wealthyandhealthy.C.Easy-goingandintelligent. D.Generousandwise.6.Whatisthecommonpartofthereaders?A.Theyareallbeekeepers. B.Theyareallmovedbythenote.C.Theyalllosttheirlovedones. D.Theyallfoundthefamilymember’snotes.7.What’sthemainideaofthetext?A.Afather’sdeathtouchedpeople’shearts.B.Peoplemadecommentsonafather’sdeath.C.Afather’snotepostedonlineattractedattention.D.Beekeepingisimportantformanyfamilies.【答案】4.C5.A6.B7.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章報(bào)道了AmyClukey分享已故父親Rick留下的字條并引起網(wǎng)友共鳴的故事?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Thenotesaid,“Ihopeoneofmychildreniscuriousaboutbeekeeping.(紙條上寫著：“我希望我的一個(gè)孩子對(duì)養(yǎng)蜂感興趣。)”可知，Amy的父親的愿望是他的一個(gè)孩子能對(duì)養(yǎng)蜜蜂感興趣。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“Clukeyexplainedthatherfatherboughtafarmwhenhewasinhis40s,anditwasthenthathetookupbeekeepingandotherhobbieslikeraisingcattleandhorses.Sheadded,“Whenhewasdiagnosed(診斷)withstage4lungcancer,thedoctorstoldhimthathehad18monthstolive.Hewasafighter:Helived5yearsandaweekafterhisdiagnosis.”(克魯奇解釋說(shuō)，她的父親在40多歲的時(shí)候買了一個(gè)農(nóng)場(chǎng)，從那時(shí)起，他開(kāi)始養(yǎng)蜂，并開(kāi)始養(yǎng)牛、養(yǎng)馬等其他愛(ài)好。她補(bǔ)充說(shuō)：“當(dāng)他被診斷為肺癌4期時(shí)，醫(yī)生告訴他，他只有18個(gè)月的生命。他是一個(gè)斗士：他在確診后活了5年零1周?！?”可知，Amy的父親從四十多歲開(kāi)始就一直養(yǎng)蜂、養(yǎng)牛、羊馬，很勤勞；同時(shí)，他在被發(fā)現(xiàn)患有癌癥后并沒(méi)有放棄，而是頑強(qiáng)地與病魔作斗爭(zhēng)。由此可知，Amy的父親非常勤勞、勇敢。故選A項(xiàng)。【6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Oneusercommented,“Ilostmydadin2018.Thispostmakesmecry.”Andanotherusersaid,“Mydadisinthelastfewweeksofhislifebattlingcancer.I’llcomebacktothepostinacoupleofmonthswhenIneeditagain.”Andonealsosharedthestoryofherpersonalloss,writing,“Ilostmyhusbandhalfayearago.Heusedtoleavelittlenotesalloverthehouse.Ican’tbringmyselftomoveanything.”(一位用戶評(píng)論道：“我在2018年失去了我的父親。這篇文章讓我哭了?！绷硪晃挥脩粽f(shuō):“我爸爸在生命的最后幾周與癌癥作斗爭(zhēng)。幾個(gè)月后，當(dāng)我需要的時(shí)候，我會(huì)回來(lái)的。”還有一個(gè)人分享了她個(gè)人失去親人的故事，她寫道：“半年前我失去了我的丈夫。他以前在房子里到處留小紙條。我動(dòng)不了任何東西?！?”可知，Amy的帖子引起了網(wǎng)友的共鳴，這些讀者都被這個(gè)帖子感動(dòng)了。故選B項(xiàng)。【7題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，結(jié)合第一段中“But,beforepassingaway,hewroteanotethathehopedoneofhischildrenwouldlaterfind,andfinallyaftersolong,herlittlebrother,whoisnow16yearsold,founditinhisfather’sbeekeepingclothes.(但是，在他去世之前，他寫了一張紙條，希望他的一個(gè)孩子能發(fā)現(xiàn)它，終于，在這么久之后，她的小弟弟，現(xiàn)在16歲了，在他父親的養(yǎng)蜂衣服里發(fā)現(xiàn)了這張紙條)”和第五段中“Theposthasattractedalotofreadersontheplatformandhasreceivedover42,800likes,2,333comments,and749,000re-sharesinlessthan24hours(這篇帖子在該平臺(tái)上吸引了很多讀者，在不到24小時(shí)的時(shí)間里就收到了超過(guò)42800個(gè)贊、2333條評(píng)論和74.9萬(wàn)次轉(zhuǎn)發(fā))”可知，文章報(bào)道了AmyClukey分享已故父親Rick留下的字條并引起網(wǎng)友共鳴的故事，所以“Afather’snotepostedonlineattractedattention.(發(fā)布在網(wǎng)上的父親的字條引起了人們的關(guān)注)”是文章主要內(nèi)容。故選C項(xiàng)。CErinAlexander’ssister-in-lawrecentlydied,andshewashavingahardday.Abarista(咖啡師)wastoo.Thecoffeemachinehadbrokendownandshewasclearlystressed.Ms.Alexanderorderedanicedgreentea,andtoldhertohanginthere.Afterpickingupherorder,shenoticedamessageonthecup:“Erin,”thebaristahaddrawnnexttoaheart,“yoursoulisgolden.”“I’mnotsureIevennecessarilyknowwhat‘yoursoulisgolden’means,”saidMs.Alexander,wholaughedandcriedwhilerecallingtheincident.Butthewarmthofthatsmallandunexpectedgesture,fromastrangerwhohadnoideaofwhatshewasgoingthrough,movedherdeeply.“Ofcourse,Iwasstillreallysad,”Ms.Alexandersaid.“Butthatlittlethingmadetherestofmyday.”Newfindings,publishedintheJournalofExperimentalPsychology,provejusthowpowerfulexperienceslikeMs.Alexander’scanbe.Researchersfoundthatpeoplewhoperformarandom(隨意的)actofkindnesstendtounderestimatehowmuchthereceiverwillappreciateit.Andtheybelievethatmiscalculationcouldholdmanyofusbackfromdoingnicethingsforothersmoreoften.Arecentstudyconsistedofeightsmallexperimentsthatvariedindesignandparticipants.Inone,forexample,peopleweretoldtheycouldgiveacupcakeawaytostrangers,andwereaskedtoratetheirownmoodaswellashowtheybelievedthereceiverwouldfeel.Theresearchersfoundthatthosewhogotacupcakeasaresultofarandomactofkindnessfeltbetterthanthepersononthegivingendthoughttheywould.“Peopletendtothinkthatwhattheyaregivingiskindoflittle;maybeit’srelativelyunimportant,”Dr.Kumar,anassistantprofessorofmarketingandpsychologyattheUniversityofTexas,Austin,said.“Butreceiversarelesslikelytothinkalongthoselines.Theyconsiderthegesturetobesignificantlymoremeaningfulbecausetheyarealsothinkingaboutthefactthatsomeonedidsomethingniceforthem.”Ifyouarenotalreadyinthehabitofperformingrandomkindacts—orifitdoesnotcomenaturallytoyou—MarisaFranco,apsychologist,saidtostartbythinkingaboutwhatyouliketodo.“It’snotaboutyoubeinglike,‘Ohman,nowIhavetolearnhowtobakecookiesinordertobenice.’It’sabout:Whatskillsandtalentsdoyoualreadyhave?Andhowcanyouturnthatintoanofferingforotherpeople?”8.Whatisthefunctionofparagraph1?A.Toprovidesomebackgroundinformationonthestudy.B.Tointroducethetopic.C.Topraisetherandomactsofkindness.D.Toillustratethepowerofkindness.9.Howwasthestudycarriedout?A.Bystatingthefacts. B.Bylistingexamples.C.Bycomparingthefeelings. D.Bylistingstatistics.10.WhatshouldpeopledoaccordingtoMarisaFranco?A.Dowhatevertheyliketodo. B.Learnhowtobakecookies.C.Dowhattheycantohelpothers. D.Trytogainsomenewskillsandtalents.11.Whatmessagedoesthepassageconvey?A.Nothingisimpossibleforawillingheart. B.Wellbegunishalfdone.C.Onegoodturndeservesanother. D.Practicevirtuehoweverlittleitis.【答案】8.B9.C10.C11.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了一項(xiàng)研究表明隨機(jī)做出善意舉動(dòng)的人往往會(huì)低估接受者的感激程度，因此建議我們運(yùn)用自己所能去幫助他人?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Butthewarmthofthatsmallandunexpectedgesture,fromastrangerwhohadnoideaofwhatshewasgoingthrough,movedherdeeply.‘Ofcourse,Iwasstillreallysad,’Ms.Alexandersaid.‘Butthatlittlethingmadetherestofmyday.’(但是，那個(gè)不知道她正在經(jīng)歷什么的咖啡師，用一個(gè)小小的、意想不到的舉動(dòng)表達(dá)的溫暖深深地打動(dòng)了她。Erin說(shuō)：‘當(dāng)然，我還是很難過(guò)。但那件小事讓我度過(guò)了余下的一天?！?”和第二段開(kāi)頭的“Newfindings,publishedintheJournalofExperimentalPsychology,provejusthowpowerfulexperienceslikeMs.Alexander’scanbe.(發(fā)表在《實(shí)驗(yàn)心理學(xué)雜志》上的新發(fā)現(xiàn)證實(shí)了像Erin這樣的經(jīng)歷有多么強(qiáng)大。)”可知，第一段中Erin的經(jīng)歷表明了不經(jīng)意的友善的舉動(dòng)可以給接受者帶來(lái)巨大的觸動(dòng)，第二段開(kāi)始引入本文的主體內(nèi)容：一項(xiàng)針對(duì)這種不經(jīng)意的友善的舉動(dòng)的研究。由此可知，作者在第一段中提到Erin的經(jīng)歷是為了介紹話題。故選B項(xiàng)。【9題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Inone,forexample,peopleweretoldtheycouldgiveacupcakeawaytostrangers,andwereaskedtoratetheirownmoodaswellashowtheybelievedthereceiverwouldfeel.Theresearchersfoundthatthosewhogotacupcakeasaresultofarandomactofkindnessfeltbetterthanthepersononthegivingendthoughttheywould.(在一項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)中，人們被告知他們可以把一個(gè)紙杯蛋糕送給陌生人，并被要求評(píng)價(jià)自己的情緒以及他們認(rèn)為接受者的感受。研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，那些因?yàn)殡S機(jī)的善舉而得到紙杯蛋糕的人感覺(jué)比給予的人想象的要好。)”可知，在該研究中，送紙杯蛋糕的人的感受、他們認(rèn)為的接受者的感受會(huì)和接受者真實(shí)的感受被進(jìn)行比較。由此可知，實(shí)驗(yàn)通過(guò)比較感受進(jìn)行。故選C項(xiàng)。【10題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“It’sabout:Whatskillsandtalentsdoyoualreadyhave?Andhowcanyouturnthatintoanofferingforotherpeople?(它是關(guān)于：你已經(jīng)擁有哪些技能和才能？你怎么能把它變成對(duì)別人的奉獻(xiàn)？)”可知，MarisaFranco建議人們運(yùn)用自己已有的能力和技能去幫助他人。故選C項(xiàng)。【11題詳解】主旨大意題。由文章第二段“Researchersfoundthatpeoplewhoperformarandom(隨意的)actofkindnesstendtounderestimatehowmuchthereceiverwillappreciateit.Andtheybelievethatmiscalculationcouldholdmanyofusbackfromdoingnicethingsforothersmoreoften.(研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，那些隨意做出善意行為的人往往會(huì)低估接受者的感激程度。他們認(rèn)為，誤判可能會(huì)阻礙我們中的許多人更多地為他人做好事。)”以及上下文及可知，文章介紹了一項(xiàng)研究表明隨機(jī)做出善意舉動(dòng)的人往往會(huì)低估接受者的感激程度，因此無(wú)論善意有多微小，我們都可以運(yùn)用自己所能去幫助他人。因此，D項(xiàng)Practicevirtuehoweverlittleitis.(無(wú)論多么微小，都踐行善意)符合文章主旨。故選D項(xiàng)。DAsmallsensor(傳感器)wornontheneckcontainingwirescanmonitorhowmuchwemovewhilesittingtoolong,andencouragepeopletogetupandexercise.Nowadaysmoreandmorepeopleexperiencedneckandshoulderpain—aproblemofthechangingwaywework.Butmovingregularlywhilesittingcanpreventproblems.ZhengbaoYangatCityUniversityofHongKongandhiscolleagueshavedevelopedsmall,stretchablesensorsthatarepoweredbyelectricity-chargethatisgeneratedthroughsqueezingorstressingsuitablematerials.Thesensormonitorsthemovementoftheneckandispoweredbytwolayersofpiezoelectric(壓電的)materialfoldedinastructurefromkirigami,whichisrelatedtotheartofpaperfolding.Whenthewearermoves,thesensorchangesitsshapeandsendschargetoamicrocontrollerthatcanregisterthemovementwithanaccuracyof95percent,displayingthisonacomputer.“Wecanusethismaterialtochangestressintovoltage(電壓),thenwecanmeasurethejointmotionbyusingthat,”saysYang.Ifthewearerdoesn’tmovehis/herneckorshouldermorethan10timesineveryhalfhour,apromptisdisplayedonthecomputer.“Thesensoroffersanewandnoveldesignwithinasmallpackagewhichisperfectfortheplacementonthebody,”saysJonathanAitkenattheUniversityofSheffield,UK.“Thesensorclearlysucceedsinthegeneralaimtoindicateinactivity,althoughitwouldbeinterestingtoresearchfurtherintoitscharacteristics,reliabilityandsensitivity.”Aitkensaysthiscouldhelpgeneratemoreaccuratemonitoringofmotionthatwouldmakethesensormorepowerful.ForYang,thesensorcouldmovefromthelabtoreallifeasitis.“Wealreadyhaveapatent(專利)onthistechnology,”hesays.“We’rethinkingabouthowtolicensethispatenttolocalindustry,tobringbenefitstosociety.”12.WhydidYangdevelopthesensor?A.Tochangethewaypeoplework. B.Toimprovetheeffectofexercise.C.Tocureneckandshoulderpain. D.Toremindpeopleofinactivity.13.Whatdoweknowaboutthesensor?A.Itcanfunctionsmartly. B.ItisdrivenbyhandC.Ithasafixedshape. D.Itiscompletelyreliable.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“prompt”inParagraph4mean?A.Aproblem. B.Asign.C.Aprocedure. D.Avirus.15.WhatdoesJonathanAitkenimplyinParagraph5?A.Thesensorprovidesperfectinformation.B.Thesensoristraditionallydesigned.C.Thesensorisasuccessfulinvention.D.Thesensorneedstobeimprovedimmediately.【答案】12.D13.A14.B15.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了一種小型傳感器，可佩戴在頸部，監(jiān)測(cè)長(zhǎng)時(shí)間坐著時(shí)的活動(dòng)情況，并鼓勵(lì)人們起身運(yùn)動(dòng)?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Asmallsensor(傳感器)wornontheneckcontainingwirescanmonitorhowmuchwemovewhilesittingtoolong,andencouragepeopletogetupandexercise.(戴在脖子上的一個(gè)裝有電線的小傳感器可以監(jiān)測(cè)我們坐得太久時(shí)的運(yùn)動(dòng)量，并鼓勵(lì)人們站起來(lái)運(yùn)動(dòng))”和倒數(shù)第二段中“Thesensorclearlysucceedsinthegeneralaimtoindicateinactivity,althoughitwouldbeinterestingtoresearchfurtherintoitscharacteristics,reliabilityandsensitivity.(盡管進(jìn)一步研究其特性、可靠性和靈敏度將是有趣的，但該傳感器顯然成功地實(shí)現(xiàn)了指示不活動(dòng)的總體目標(biāo)。)”可知，楊開(kāi)發(fā)這種傳感器是為了提醒人們活動(dòng)不夠（inactivity），需要站起來(lái)運(yùn)動(dòng)。故選D項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Asmallsensor(傳感器)wornontheneckcontainingwirescanmonitorhowmuchwemovewhilesittingtoolong,andencouragepeopletogetupandexercise.(戴在脖子上的一個(gè)裝有電線的小傳感器可以監(jiān)測(cè)我們坐得太久時(shí)的運(yùn)動(dòng)量，并鼓勵(lì)人們站起來(lái)鍛煉)”和第四段中“Whenthewearermoves,thesensorchangesitsshapeandsendschargetoamicrocontrollerthatcanregisterthemovementwithanaccuracyof95percent,displayingthisonacomputer.“Wecanusethismaterialtochangestressintovoltage(電壓),thenwecanmeasurethejointmotionbyusingthat,”(當(dāng)穿戴者移動(dòng)時(shí)，傳感器會(huì)改變其形狀并向微控制器發(fā)送電荷，該微控制器可以以95%的精度記錄運(yùn)動(dòng)，并在計(jì)算機(jī)上顯示。‘我們可以用這種材料將應(yīng)力轉(zhuǎn)化為電壓，然后我們可以用它來(lái)測(cè)量關(guān)節(jié)運(yùn)動(dòng)?！?”可推知，傳感器監(jiān)測(cè)運(yùn)動(dòng)并發(fā)送提示以鼓勵(lì)鍛煉，表明它具有某種程度的智能功能。故選A項(xiàng)。【14題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞所在句“Ifthewearerdoesn’tmovehis/herneckorshouldermorethan10timesineveryhalfhour,a prompt

isdisplayedonthecomputer.(如果佩戴者在半小時(shí)內(nèi)脖子或肩膀的活動(dòng)次數(shù)不超過(guò)10次，電腦上就會(huì)顯示prompt。)”中“...displayedonthecomputer”可推知，prompt是在電腦上顯示的“提示”，與sign同義。故選B項(xiàng)。【15題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段中JonathanAitken的話“Thesensoroffersanewandnoveldesignwithinasmallpackagewhichisperfectfortheplacementonthebody,(該傳感器在一個(gè)小的封裝內(nèi)提供了一個(gè)新穎的設(shè)計(jì)，非常適合放置在身體上。)”和“Thesensorclearlysucceedsinthegeneralaimtoindicateinactivity,althoughitwouldbeinterestingtoresearchfurtherintoitscharacteristics,reliabilityandsensitivity.(盡管進(jìn)一步研究其特性、可靠性和靈敏度將會(huì)很有趣的，但該傳感器顯然成功地實(shí)現(xiàn)了指示不活動(dòng)的總體目標(biāo)。)”可推知，JonathanAitken認(rèn)為傳感器是一項(xiàng)成功的發(fā)明。故選C項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。HowtoSucceedinScienceTosucceedinscience,youneedalotmorethanluck.Inmyview,youhavetocombineintelligencewithwillingnessnottofollowconventionswhentheyblockyourpathforward.Thus,thesehavecometobemyrulesforsuccess.?___16___Thatmightsoundproud,butthefactisthatyoumustalwaysturntopeoplewhoarebrighterthanyourself.It’slikeplayinganygame.Evenasachild,IneverwantedtoplaygameswithanyonewhowasasbadasIwas.Ifyouwin,itgivesyounopleasure.Andinthegameofscienceorlife,thehighestgoalisn’tsimplytowin;it’stowinatsomethingreallydifficult.___17___?Takerisks___18___Ifyouaregoingtomakeahugejumpinscience,youwillverylikelybeunqualifiedtosucceedbydefinition.Besides,youevenhavetobepreparedtodisbelieveyourscientificheroes.Thiscanbemorethanpersonallyupsetting.?Neverdoanythingthatboresyou.Myexperienceinscienceisthatsomeoneisalwaystellingyoutodothings,andthenleaveyoualone.___19___Infact,IevenfindithardtodowellinsomethingIlike.It’sveryhardtosucceedifyoudon’twanttobewithotherscientists—youhavetogotokeymeetingswhereyoufindkeyfactsthatwouldhaveescapedyou.Andyouhavetochatwithyourcompetitors,evenifyoufindthemunpleasant.Somyfinalruleis:___20___A.Tomakeahugesuccess,ascientisthastobepreparedtogetintodeeptrouble.B.Meetchallengeswithgreatcourage.C.Putanotherway,it’stogosomewherebeyondyourabilityandcomeoutontop.D.Besureyoualwayshavesomeonetosaveyoufromadeepmess.E.I’mnotgoodenoughtodowellinsomethingIdislike.F.Ifyoucan’tstandtobewithyourrealpeers,getoutofscience.G.Avoidfoolishpeople.【答案】16.G17.C18.A19.E20.F【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了在科學(xué)上取得成功的一些經(jīng)驗(yàn)和方法?！?6題詳解】空處是段落標(biāo)題，需統(tǒng)領(lǐng)段落內(nèi)容，且需和其他段落標(biāo)題一樣使用祈使句的形式。根據(jù)后文“Thatmightsoundproud,butthefactisthatyoumustalwaysturntopeoplewhoarebrighterthanyourself.It’slikeplayinganygame.Evenasachild,IneverwantedtoplaygameswithanyonewhowasasbadasIwas.(這聽(tīng)起來(lái)可能很驕傲，但事實(shí)是，你必須經(jīng)常求助于比你聰明的人。就像玩任何游戲一樣。即使在我還是個(gè)孩子的時(shí)候，我也從來(lái)不想和像我一樣糟糕的人玩游戲)”可知，本段的建議與和比自己聰明的人相處相關(guān)，因此G項(xiàng)“Avoidfoolishpeople.(避免愚蠢的人)”符合語(yǔ)境，契合段落內(nèi)容，其中的foolish和后文的brighter相對(duì)。故選G。【17題詳解】前文“Andinthegameofscienceorlife,thehighestgoalisn’tsimplytowin;it’stowinatsomethingreallydifficult.(在科學(xué)或人生的游戲中，最高目標(biāo)不僅僅是取勝；而是在非常困難的事情上獲勝)”解釋在科學(xué)中獲勝的性質(zhì)，因此C項(xiàng)“Putanotherway,it’stogosomewherebeyondyourabilityandcomeoutontop.(換句話說(shuō)，就是超越自己的能力，取得成功)”符合語(yǔ)境，進(jìn)一步解釋獲勝的含義，承接前文。故選C。【18題詳解】空處位于段首，應(yīng)該引出段落內(nèi)容。后文“Ifyouaregoingtomakeahugejumpinscience,youwillverylikelybeunqualifiedtosucceedbydefinition.Besides,youevenhavetobepreparedtodisbelieveyourscientificheroes.Thiscanbemorethanpersonallyupsetting.(如果你想在科學(xué)上有一個(gè)巨大的飛躍，從定義上講，你很可能沒(méi)有資格成功。此外，你甚至要準(zhǔn)備好懷疑你的科學(xué)英雄。這可能不僅僅是個(gè)人的煩惱)”主要介紹了在科學(xué)上獲得成功的困難，因此A項(xiàng)“Tomakeahugesuccess,ascientisthastobepreparedtogetintodeeptrouble.(為了取得巨大的成功，科學(xué)家必須準(zhǔn)備好陷入大麻煩)”符合語(yǔ)境，點(diǎn)明要有陷入大麻煩的準(zhǔn)備，其中的deeptrouble呼應(yīng)后文描述的困難。故選A。【19題詳解】段落標(biāo)題“Neverdoanythingthatboresyou.(不要做任何讓你厭煩的事情)”建議在科學(xué)上避免讓自己厭煩的事情，后文“Infact,IevenfindithardtodowellinsomethingIlike.(事實(shí)上，我甚至發(fā)現(xiàn)很難做好我喜歡的事情)”分享做好喜歡的事情也有難度的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，因此E項(xiàng)“I’mnotgoodenoughtodowellinsomethingIdislike.(我不夠好，不能做好我不喜歡的事情)”符合語(yǔ)境，分享很難做好不喜歡的事情的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，呼應(yīng)標(biāo)題，后文是對(duì)選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容的延伸。故選E?！?0題詳解】前文“It’sveryhardtosucceedifyoudon’twanttobewithotherscientists—youhavetogotokeymeetingswhereyoufindkeyfactsthatwouldhaveescapedyou.Andyouhavetochatwithyourcompetitors,evenifyoufindthemunpleasant.(如果你不想和其他科學(xué)家在一起，你就很難取得成功——你必須參加一些重要的會(huì)議，在那里你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)一些你可能會(huì)漏掉的關(guān)鍵事實(shí)。你必須和你的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手聊天，即使你覺(jué)得他們不討人喜歡)”說(shuō)明想在科學(xué)上取得成功必須和他人相處協(xié)作，因此F項(xiàng)“Ifyoucan’tstandtobewithyourrealpeers,getoutofscience.(如果你不能忍受和你真正的同齡人在一起，那就離開(kāi)科學(xué)吧)”符合語(yǔ)境，點(diǎn)明無(wú)法和他人待在一起就應(yīng)放棄科學(xué)，是對(duì)前文內(nèi)容的總結(jié)。故選F。第二部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。A23-year-oldwomanhasachievedanunbelievablefeatthatmanyofusdreamof—visitingeverycountryonEarth.LexieAlfordwasbornintoafamilyoftravelagents,whichgavehertheopportunityto___21___placessuchasCambodia,DubaiandEgyptduringherchildhood,accordingtoForbesmagazine.Shebegansavingupatage12to___22___hergoalofvisitingallcountries.Byher18thbirthday,shehadtraveledto72nations.InOctober,2016,sherealizedshecouldseethe___23___nationsonherlistintimetosetanofficialrecord.Manypeople___24___hertravelonsocialmediaplatformInstagram,soshedecidedtochasetheworldrecordpartlyto___25___others.“Honestly,atthebeginning,I___26___wantedtopushthe___27___ofwhatIthoughtIcoulddowithmylifeandseeasmuchoftheworldaspossibleinthe___28___,”shetoldForbes.“Itwasn’tuntilthingsstartedgettingreally___29___thatIrealizedIwasinspiringpeoplearoundme,especiallythe______30______.”“IalsolovedvisitingNorthernPakistan,forthenaturalbeautyofthemountainsandkindnessofthelocalswereastonishing,”LexieAlfordsaid.“ThemostpleasantsurpriseabouttravelingtoallthesemisunderstoodareasoftheworldwasthatthecountriesthatIhadthe______31______expectationfor______32______beingthemostincredible.”“My______33______foryoungpeopleistobelievethatyoucandoanythingyousetyourmindtodo.Ifyouwanttotravel,youhaveto______34______sacrificestotravelaroundtheworld.Andit’sonlyamatterof______35______untilyoucanmakeitareality.”21.A.remark B.settle C.tour D.love22.A.quit B.fund C.switch D.register23.A.powerful B.ideal C.developed D.remaining24.A.followed B.modified C.ranked D.criticized25.A.understand B.grill C.inspire D.accompany26.A.occasionally B.temporarily C.completely D.simply27A.button B.dream C.family D.observation28.A.process B.agency C.platform D.country29.A.dull B.official C.natural D.challenging30.A.adult B.bosses C.youth D.agents31.A.most B.least C.greatest D.worst32.A.endedup B.showedoff C.startedwith D.searchedfor33.A.warn B.compromise C.belief D.advice34.A.make B.appreciate C.worsen D.save35.A.honor B.time C.career D.assessment【答案】21.C22.B23.D24.A25.C26.D27.B28.A29.D30.C31.B32.A33.D34.A35.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章主要講述了一名23歲的女子LexieAlford完成了一件令人難以置信的事情——訪問(wèn)地球上的每個(gè)國(guó)家，激勵(lì)著無(wú)數(shù)年輕人。【21題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：據(jù)《福布斯》雜志報(bào)道，LexieAlford家是開(kāi)旅行社的，這讓她有機(jī)會(huì)在童年時(shí)期就能游覽柬埔寨、迪拜和埃及等地。A.remark評(píng)論；B.settle解決；C.tour游覽，旅行；D.love愛(ài)。根據(jù)上文“wasbornintoafamilyoftravelagents”和下文“placessuchasCambodia,DubaiandEgypt”可知，LexieAlford是跟著自家的旅行社到這些國(guó)家是去旅行。故選C。【22題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：她從12歲就開(kāi)始攢錢，為自己游覽全球的目標(biāo)在資金上提供支持。A.quit放棄，退出；B.fund資助；C.switch轉(zhuǎn)變，交換；D.register注冊(cè)，登記。根據(jù)上文“Shebegansavingupatage12”可知，她存錢是為了資助自己的環(huán)球旅行。故選B。【23題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：2016年10月，她意識(shí)到她可以抓緊時(shí)間去到她目標(biāo)清單上剩余的國(guó)家，創(chuàng)造一項(xiàng)官方記錄。A.powerful強(qiáng)大的；B.ideal理想的；C.developed發(fā)達(dá)的；D.remaining剩余的。根據(jù)上文“Byher18thbirthday,shehadtravelledto72nations.”可知，她還要去看剩余的、沒(méi)有去過(guò)的國(guó)家。故選D?！?4題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：許多人在社交平臺(tái)Instagram上關(guān)注她的旅行，因此她決定努力去完成這項(xiàng)世界記錄，部分原因就是為了激勵(lì)其他人。A.followed密切關(guān)注；B.modified修改，改進(jìn)；C.ranked排名；D.criticized批評(píng)。根據(jù)下文“onsocialmediaplatformInstagram”可知，許多人在社交平臺(tái)Instagram上關(guān)注她的旅行。故選A。【25題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：許多人在社交平臺(tái)Instagram上關(guān)注她的旅行，因此她決定努力去完成這項(xiàng)世界記錄，部分原因就是為了激勵(lì)其他人。A.understand理解，明白；B.grill烤，追問(wèn)；C.inspire激勵(lì)，鼓舞；D.accompany陪伴。根據(jù)上文“Manypeople4hertravelonsocialmediaplatformInstagram”和下文“Itwasn’tuntilthingsstartedgettingreally9thatIrealizedIwasinspiringpeoplearoundme”可推知，她在社區(qū)平臺(tái)上有了眾多追隨著，這讓她認(rèn)識(shí)到自己的影響力，進(jìn)而想要去給他人以激勵(lì)。故選C。【26題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：她向《福布斯》雜志透露，“老實(shí)說(shuō)，剛開(kāi)始的時(shí)候，我只是想進(jìn)一步去追求我認(rèn)為我這一生可以實(shí)現(xiàn)的夢(mèng)想，同時(shí)在這個(gè)過(guò)程中盡可能多地去看看這個(gè)世界。A.occasionally偶爾；B.temporarily暫時(shí)；C.completely完全；D.simply僅僅，只是。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)“atthebeginning”和上文可知，最開(kāi)始她僅僅是想追求自己的夢(mèng)想，沒(méi)想過(guò)要去創(chuàng)造世界記錄。故選D?！?7題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：她向《福布斯》雜志透露，“老實(shí)說(shuō)，剛開(kāi)始的時(shí)候，我只是想進(jìn)一步去追求我認(rèn)為我這一生可以實(shí)現(xiàn)的夢(mèng)想，同時(shí)在這個(gè)過(guò)程中盡可能多地去看看這個(gè)世界。A.button按鈕，紐扣；B.dream夢(mèng)想；C.family家庭；D.observation觀察。根據(jù)下文“whatIthoughtIcoulddowithmylifeandseeasmuchoftheworldaspossible”可推知，一生去追求的東西是夢(mèng)想。故選B?！?8題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：她向《福布斯》雜志透露，“老實(shí)說(shuō)，剛開(kāi)始的時(shí)候，我只是想進(jìn)一步去追求我認(rèn)為我這一生可以實(shí)現(xiàn)的夢(mèng)想，同時(shí)在這個(gè)過(guò)程中盡可能多地去看看這個(gè)世界。A.process過(guò)程，進(jìn)程；B.agency代理商；C.platform平臺(tái)；D.country國(guó)家。根據(jù)上文“seeasmuchoftheworldaspossible”可知，是在追求訪問(wèn)每一個(gè)國(guó)家的夢(mèng)想這個(gè)過(guò)程中，盡可能多看看這個(gè)世界。故選A?！?9題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：直到事情變得真正地具有挑戰(zhàn)性，我才意識(shí)到我正激勵(lì)著身邊的人，尤其是年輕人。A.dull乏味的；B.official官方的，正式的；C.natural自然的；D.challenging富于挑戰(zhàn)性的。根據(jù)下文“IrealizedIwasinspiringpeoplearoundme”可知，LexieAlford所從事的事情具有挑戰(zhàn)性、有意義。故選D?！?0題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：直到事情變得真正地具有挑戰(zhàn)性，我才意識(shí)到我正激勵(lì)著身邊的人，尤其是年輕人。A.adult成年人；B.bosses老板；C.youth青春，青年人；D.agents代理人。根據(jù)下文“My13foryoungpeopleistobelievethatyoucandoanythingyousetyourmindtodo.”可知，LexieAlford環(huán)游世界這件事情正激勵(lì)著身邊的人，尤其是年輕人。故選C。【31題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我游歷世界上那些被世人所誤解的地區(qū)時(shí)，最讓我感到驚喜的是，那些原本我最不期待的國(guó)家最終卻成為了讓我覺(jué)得最不可思議的國(guó)家。A.most最多；B.least最少；C.greatest最好，最偉大；C.worst最糟糕。根據(jù)上文“allthesemisunderstoodareasoftheworld”可知，原本對(duì)這些國(guó)家沒(méi)什么期待，所以期待是最少的。故選B。【32題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。句意：當(dāng)我游歷世界上那些被世人所誤解的地區(qū)時(shí)，最讓我感到驚喜的是，那些原本我最不期待的國(guó)家最終卻成為了讓我覺(jué)得最