Canada-Chapter14-geography-and-history加拿大地理歷史英文版

Chapter14GeographyandHistoryByJolly

LocationandSizeCanadaistheworld’ssecondlargestcountrywiththelandareaofabout10millionsquarekilometers.ItcoversabouttwofifthsoftheNorthAmericancontinent.Itisasparselypopulatedcountrywith2.7peoplepersquarekilometer.Itisacountrywithasmanyas100nationalities:British(44.6%),French(28.7),Nativepeople—EskimosandIndians(1.5%).Englishisthelanguagemostcommonlyspokenthroughoutthecountry,withtheexceptionofQuebec.OnethirdofthepopulationofNewBrunswickisFrench-speaking.

Canadahasnumerouslakeswhichcoverabout7.6%ofitslandmass.-------theGreatLakes(thelargestfreshwaterlakes);NiagaraFalls.Canadaisabundantinforestresources(39%).Thecountry’shighestpeakisMountLogan〔洛根山〕.MountainsandtheWest(PacificRegion)---BritishColumbia,AlbertaPrairies--Saskatchewan,ManitobaCentralCanada---Ontario,QuébecEastCoast(AtlanticRegion)---PrinceEdwardIsland,NewBrunswick,NovaScotia,Newfoundland-LabradorNorthernCanada---NorthwestTerritories,YukonTerritory,NunavutTerritoryGeographicregionsClimateCanadahasatypicalcontinentalclimate,characterizedbycoldwinters,hotsummersandsparserainfall------wideregionalvariations.thePacificRegiontheAtlanticRegionMajorCitiesOttawathecapitalofCanada,isintheprovinceofOntario.HalfofthepopulationsofthecapitalareFrench-speakingandhalfareEnglish-speaking.TorontothecapitalofOntario,isthelargestcityinCanada,withanareaofabout630squarekilometers.Torontoisoneofthemostmuliculturalcitiesintheworld.MontrealontheSt.LawrenceRiveristhechiefportandthesecondlargestcityinCanada.Itisalsothelargestgrain-shippingcityintheworld.VancouverisBritishColumbia’slargestcityandthethirdlargestcityinCanada.ItisthelargestcargoportonthePacific.Itisinternationallyrenownedforitsscenicsettinganditconsistentlyranksamongthetopfiveoftheworldwiderankingsforqualityoflife.IthasoneofNorthAmerica’slargesturbanparks,StanleyPark.〔斯坦利公園〕

History

EuropeanDiscovery

Theendof15thcentury:

JohnCabot---anItaliancaptainJacquesCartier---aFrenchnavigator(1535)SamueldeChamplain---Frenchexplorer(1608)

HeestablishedhishabitationinwhatisnowQuebecCitytolaytherootsofFrenchCanada.CanadianNationsIN1867,BritishNorthAmericaAct----createdtheself-governingdominionofCanada.AfterWorldWarI,Canada’seconomyandbusinessadvancedsignificantly.In1931,CanadabecameamemberoftheCommonwealthofNationswiththepassageoftheStatuteofWestminster.《威斯敏斯特法案》AfterWorldWarII,tremendousdevelopmenttookplaceinindustryandagriculture,andCanadaemergedastheworld’sfourthlargestindustrialnation.In1949,NewfoundlandbecameCanada’stenthprovince.TheCanadaAct《加拿大法案》of1982madeCanadaafullysovereignstate.MeechLakeAccord《米其湖協(xié)議》-------in1990defeatedCharlottetownAccord《夏洛特敦條約》------failedCanadasincethe1980s—Primers1.PierreTrudeau(LiberalParty)---1980s,Canadawasinitsworsteconomicrecession.2.1984---1993(ProgressiveConservativeParty)BrianMulroney:MeechLakeAccord,CharlottetownAccord(failed)KimCampbell:thefirstwomanPrimerfor4month3.1993---2006(LiberalParty)JeanChrétien“NAFTA”PaulMartin:improveCanadian-U.S.relations

In2005,theCivilMarriageActwaspassedbytheHouseofCommonsandtheSenate,makingCanadathefourthcountryintheworldtoallowsame-sexmarriage.4.2006----(ConservativeParty)StephenHarperCanadaDay(FêteduCanada),

formerlyDominionDayisCanada'snationalday,afederalstatutoryholidaycelebratingtheanniversaryoftheJuly1,1867,enactmentoftheBritishNorthAmericaAct(todaycalledtheConstitutionAct,1867,whichunitedtwoBritishcoloniesandap