新教材英語人教版選擇性課時作業(yè)8Unit2LookingintotheFutureDiscoverUsefulStructures

Ⅰ.閱讀理解Itbeganasagame:Highschoolandcollegestudentsstudy-ingputertechnologyfiguredouttheycouldusepersonalputerstobreakintotelephonepanyputersandmakefree,long-distancetelephonecalls.Theseyoungputertalentssoongainedthename“hackers”．Policearrestedafewhackers,butmanywentontoevenmoreplexhacking.Oneofthemwasarrestedformakingillegaltelephonecallsandlaterheusedaphonetochangeapoliceofficer'screditrecordstogetbackattheofficerforarrestinghim.Healsousedaputertochangehiscollegerecordstogivehimselfbettergrades.Ashackersgainedexperiencetheybeganinvadingputersatbanks,airlinesandotherbusinesses.Inonecaseahackerinstructedanairline'sputertogivehimfreeairplanetickets.TheUSgovernmentisworriedthathackersmaybreakintoitsnetworksofdefenseputers.Thegovernment'ssecretsareeasilyattackedbecausethousandsofgovernmentputersareconnectedbytelephonelinesthathackerscangetinto.InNovember1988,acollegestudententeredaUSDefenseDepartmentputernetworkcalledArpanet.ThehackerinjectedaputerprogramthatmadecopiesofitselfthroughoutArpanet.Somehackersusevirusestodestroyallthedatainaputer.Butinthiscase,governmentofficialsshutdownthenetworkbeforetheprogramreachedeveryputerinthesystem.Shuttingdownthesystemangeredmanyresearcherswhowereusingtheputers.Thehackerturnedhimselfintothepoliceandhewaschargedwithacrime.TheincidentputthespotlightonputerhackingintheUnitedStates.Manypanieshavehiredexpertstoprotecttheirputersfromhackers,andmanyputerexpertsnowadvisepaniesonhowtoprotecttheirputers.TheUSgovernmentbelievesforeigngovernmentshavehiredhackerstotrytobreakintotop-secretdefenseputers.Expertsdisagreeoverwhetheraputernetworkcaneverbesafefromhacking.Butinthefuture,someofthemostoutstandingmindsintheUSwillbeworkingtofrustratetheattemptsofputerhackers.本文是一篇說明文，介紹了黑客的起源，以及他們非法侵入各個領(lǐng)域的網(wǎng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)的犯罪行為。1．Whatdidthefirsthackersdo?A．Theybrokeintogovernmentputers.B．Theydestroyedairplaneticketsystems.C．Theyplayedputergames.D．Theymadefreephonecalls.答案：D解析：考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段“Itbeganasagame：...figuredouttheycouldusepersonalputerstobreakintotelephonepanyputersandmakefree,long-distancetelephonecalls.Theseyoungputertalentssoongainedthename‘hackers’．”可知它起初是一個游戲：學習計算機的高中生和大學生發(fā)現(xiàn)他們可以使用個人電腦闖入公司的電腦并撥打免費的長途。這些年輕的計算機人才很快就被稱為“黑客”。這說明這些高中生和大學生是第一批黑客，他們撥打了免費的。故選D。2．WhycanUSgovernmentputersbeeasilyhackedinto?A．Theyhavenodefensesystems.B．Theyareconnectedbytelephonelines.C．Theyarepartlyaccessibletothepublic.D．Theylackplexprocessingprograms.答案：B解析：考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段中的“Thegovernment'ssecretsareeasilyattackedbecausethousandsofgovernmentputersareconnectedbytelephonelinesthathackerscangetinto.”可知政府的秘密很容易被攻擊，因為成千上萬的政府計算機通過黑客可以進入的線被連接起來。故選B。3．WhathappenedtothegovernmentputersinNovember1988?A．Theylostalloftheimportantdata.B．Theywereshutdownbyresearchers.C．Theywereinvadedbyacollegestudent.D．Theygottotallyruinedbyaputerprogram.答案：C解析：考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第五段中的“InNovember1988,acollegestudententeredaUSDefenseDepartmentputernetworkcalledArpanet.ThehackerinjectedaputerprogramthatmadecopiesofitselfthroughoutArpanet.”可知1988年11月，一名大學生進入美國國防部的計算機網(wǎng)絡(luò)Arpanet并注入了一個計算機程序，這個程序可以通過Arpanet進行自我復(fù)制。也就是說，美國政府的電腦被一個大學生入侵了。故選C。4．Whatdidpaniesdecidetodotoprotecttheirputersystems?A．Employputertalents.B．Buildsecretdefensesystems.C．Askthegovernmentforhelp.D．Collectandanalyzethedataofhackers.答案：A解析：考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段中的“Manypanieshavehiredexpertstoprotecttheirputersfromhackers,andmanyputerexpertsnowadvisepaniesonhowtoprotecttheirputers.”可知許多公司聘請了專家來保護他們的計算機免受黑客攻擊并且許多計算機專家如今會建議公司如何保護他們的計算機。故選A。Ⅱ.七選五Lotsofpeoplegiveyouadviceonoveringfear.__1__However,Iwanttotellyouthataworldwithoutfearwouldbemoredangerous,lessrewarding.Sowewanttotreatfearasafriend？Herearethreereasons.__2__Thinkaboutit.Doyougetmorenervouswhenyoumeetthegirl(orguy)ofyourdreams？Whichismorefearful,talkingtothebossofyourpanyortosomeofyourfriends?__3__Ifyoudidn'thavefeartoguideyou,youmightnotknowthat!Notsobad,right?Next,fearencouragesustotakeaction.Fearisacalltoaction.Inthepast,ourancestorsdidn'trunawayinfearwhentheysawatigerrunningtowardthembuttriedtokillitforfood.Now,mostofusdon'tfaceseriousdangerlikehungrytigerseveryday,butwedofaceseriousbossesorpublicspeaking.So,whatcanwedo？__4__Lastly,fearletsyouknowyouarealive.Whydowelikerollercoasters？__5__Sameforhorrormovies.Sofearcanguideyoutowardswhat'simportantforyouandencourageyoutotakeactiontoimprove.Don'tweallneedthatkindoffriend?A．Don'tfeartobewrong.B．Itfrightensusinamostlysafeway.C．Imaginewhatlifewouldbelikewithoutfear.D．Thefirstisthatfearisanexcellentguidetoopportunity.E．Theysayifyoucanoverefear,youwillbesuccessful.F．Letfearprovideuswiththeenergytodowhatneedstobedone.G．Fearisshowingyouwhatisimportantandwhatmatterstoyou.本文是一篇說明文，現(xiàn)實生活中很多人在想辦法克服恐懼，但是，恐懼也是有好的一面的，它能幫助我們成長。作者就此展開談?wù)?，揭示了恐懼的好處，告訴了我們恐懼其實并不可怕。1．E解析：考查對上下文的理解和推理判斷能力。根據(jù)空后“However,Iwanttotellyouthataworldwithoutfearwouldbemoredangerous，lessrewarding.”然而，我卻想告訴你，一個沒有恐懼的世界可能會更加危險而回報也將減少。從轉(zhuǎn)折however可推斷出，前一句的意思與這一句相反。E.Theysayifyoucanoverefear,youwillbesuccessful.“他們說如果你克服了恐懼，你會成功。”承接下文，符合語境，故選E。2．D解析：考查對上下文的理解和推理判斷能力。根據(jù)3空后“Ifyoudidn'thavefeartoguideyou，youmightnotknowthat！”(如果沒有恐懼引導你，你可能不知道這一點。)可知，D.Thefirstisthatfearisanexcellentguidetoopportunity.“首先，恐懼是通向機會的極好向?qū)??！狈险Z境，故選D。3．G解析：考查對上下文的理解和推理判斷能力。根據(jù)空前“Doyougetmorenervouswhenyoumeetthegirl(orguy)ofyourdreams？Whichismorefearful，talkingtothebossofyourpanyortosomeofyourfriends？”可知，G.Fearisshowingyouwhatisimportantandwhatmatterstoyou.“恐懼顯示出什么對你是重要的?！背薪由衔?，符合語境，故選G。4．F解析：考查對上下文的理解和推理判斷能力。句意：根據(jù)空前“Now，mostofusdon'tfaceseriousdangerlikehungrytigerseveryday，butwedofaceseriousbossesorpublicspeaking.So，whatcanwedo？”可知，F(xiàn).Letfearprovideuswiththeenergytodowhatneedstobedone.“讓恐懼為我們提供能量去做需要做的事情?！背薪由衔模险Z境，故選F。5．B解析：考查對上下文的理解和推理判斷能力。根據(jù)空前“Whydowelikerollercoasters？”可知，為什么我們喜歡過山車，此處應(yīng)填B.Itfrightensusinamostlysafeway.“它以一種安全的方式使我們恐懼?！惫蔬xB。Ⅲ.語法填空ForthefirsttimeinthehistoryofPekingOpera，fourwomenperformedapieceintheChinaNationalPekingOperapany(CNPOC)productions__1__May27thatShanghai'sMajesticTheater.ThePekingOperaperformancewasoneofthe51__2__(produce)showedatthe12thChinaArtFestivalinShanghai.TheCNPOCbroughttogetherthreestories__3__(base)oneventsduringtheRedArmy'sLongMarch.“Theyarestoriesaboutthe__4__(brave)oftheRedArmyduringtheLongMarch，”saysSongChen，headoftheCNPOC.“Intheplay，youcansee__5__thesesoldiersdotosacrificethemselvestohelpothers.Peoplewillbe__6__(deep)touchedbytheirfaithanddevotion.”O(jiān)neofthestoriesisaboutthreewomensoldiers__7__(stay)foranightatafarmer'shomeinavillage.TheysleepinthehomeofalocalwomannamedXuJiexiu，andfeelsorryforherpoorlivingconditions.Whentheyleavethenextmorning,asoldierusesapairofscissors__8__(cut)uptheonlyquiltshehas，leavinghalfofitforthevillagewoman.PekingOperastyles__9__(develop)overhundredsofyears，__10__createsawiderangeofroleseachfeaturingdistinctivemethodsofperformanceandsingingstyles.本文是一篇說明文，介紹了中國國家京劇劇團在上海舉行的第12屆中國藝術(shù)節(jié)上表演的長征題材的京劇作品。1．on解析