黑龍江省齊齊哈爾市2023-2024學(xué)年高二上學(xué)期1月期末英語(yǔ)試題（含答案解析）

高二英語(yǔ)試卷本試卷分第I卷(選擇題)和第II卷(非選擇題)兩部分。全卷共150分，考試時(shí)間120分鐘?？忌鞔饡r(shí)將答案答在答題卡上，在本試卷上答題無(wú)效。注意事項(xiàng)：1.答題前，考生先將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)碼填寫清楚，將條形碼準(zhǔn)確粘貼在條形碼區(qū)域內(nèi);2.選擇題必須使用2B鉛筆填涂，非選擇題必須使用0.5毫米黑色字跡的簽字筆書寫，字體工整、筆跡清楚;3.請(qǐng)按照題號(hào)順序在各題目的答題區(qū)域內(nèi)作答，超出答題區(qū)域書寫的答案無(wú)效，在草稿紙、試題卷上答題無(wú)效;4.作圖題可先使用2B鉛筆填涂，然后用黑色字跡的簽字筆描黑;5.保持卡面清潔，不要折疊、弄破、弄皺，不準(zhǔn)使用涂改液、修正帶、刮紙刀。第I卷第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1.Whatdoesthewomanwantthemantodo?A.Getheradisk.B.Repairacomputer.C.Helptodealwithadocument.2.Howmuchmoneywillthemangetback?A.$10.B.$4.C.$6.3.Howdoesthewomanfeelfinally?A.Encouraged.B.Defeated.C.Depressed.4.Whereisthewoman’shusbandnow?A.InShanghai.B.InChengdu.C.InNanjing.5.WhatwillMichaeldoforholiday?A.ClimbMountTai.B.Gototheseaside.C.Gosomewherenear.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘。聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽下面一段錄音，回答以下2個(gè)小題。6.Whydoesthewomanmakethephonecall?A.Tofixadate.B.Tobuyahouse.C.Tomeettheman’sson.7.Whenwillthespeakersmeet?A.OnMonday.B.OnFriday.C.OnSaturday.聽下面一段錄音，回答以下2個(gè)小題。8.Whatdoesthewomanadvisethemantodo?A.GototheElectricCompanyOffice.B.Payelectricbillfirst.C.Openacheckingaccount.9.Howdomostpeoplepaytheelectricbill?A.Incash.B.Bycheck.C.Byphone.聽下面一段錄音，回答以下3個(gè)小題。10.WhereisLynnstudying?A.InMadrid.B.InCordoba.C.InSeville.11.WhatisLynn’spart-timejob?A.Awaitress.B.Ateacher.C.Apsychologist.12.WhatdoesLynnliketodobestinherfreetime?A.Playtennis.B.Dance.C.Visitfriends.聽下面一段錄音，回答以下4個(gè)小題。13.Whatmakesthefilmuniquetothewoman?A.Itisthewoman’sfirsttimeproducing.B.Thereisonlyonemaninthemovie.C.Ithasgreatspecialeffects.14.Whattypeoffilmisthewomanstarringin?A.Anactionfilm.B.Aromanticcomedy.C.Ascience-fictionfilm.15.WhenwillthefilmbeoutintheUK?A.On21stDecember.B.On14thDecember.C.On7thDecember.16.Whatisthemanprobably?A.Aproducer.B.Acomedian.C.Ahost.聽下面一段錄音，回答以下4個(gè)小題。17.Wheredidthemanarrive?A.NewYork.B.London.C.Beijing.18.Whendidthemanarrive?A.At12:00p.m.B.At11:00p.m.C.At11:30p.m.19.Whatisnotinsidetheman’sbag?A.Hiswallet.B.Hispassport.C.Hismembershipcards.20.Whatwillthewomandonext?A.Callthemanbackwithinanhour.B.Cancelthecardwiththecreditcompany.C.Askotherstofindthebag.第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。AFourBestNationalParksfor2023-2024SwissNationalParkSwissNationalParkineasternSwitzerlandcoversnearly42,000acresofland,givingvisitorsaccesstoroughly60milesoftrailsthatweaveinandoutofvalleysbackedbythebreathtakingSwissAlps.Whilehiking,keepaneyeoutforwildliferangingfromwell-knownanimalslikefoxesandeaglestoAlpineibexesthatarewildgoatswithlargehornslivinginthemountains.Thisparkclosesfrommid-NovemberuntiltheendofMaywithsomehighertrailsremainingundersnowthroughJune,sotimeyourtripforthewarmermonths.YosemiteNationalParkLocatednearly170mileseastofSanFrancisco,Yosemiteoffersvisitorsplentyofimpressivenaturalwonderstosee.Sceniclandscapes,suchasthefamousTunnelViewandValleyViewoutlooks,andfamouslandmarkslikeHalfDomeandElCapitanarejustafewofYosemite’sgreatestattractions.Don’tforgettoswingbyoneofthesequoiagroves(紅杉林)tobeamazedatthetoweringtrees.Glacier(冰川)NationalParkGlacierNationalParkisMontana’scrownjewel.Theexpansiveonemillion-acreparkwhichwasnamedafterthoseremainsofglaciersestimatedtobe7,000yearsold,offersimpressivemountainousscenery.Here,you’llfindmorethan700lakes,NationalHistoricLandmarksincludingLakeMcDonaldLodge,GraniteParkChaletandtheTwoMedicineStore,andthefamousHighlineTrail,whichfollowstheContinentalDivide.BanffNationalParkSituatedinsouthwesternAlberta,Canada’soldestnationalparkisalsooneofitsmostbeautifulnationalparks.VisitorscanexploreBanffNationalParkonfootalongmorethan1,000milesofhikingtrails—theLakeAgnesTrailfeaturesaseasonalEuropean-styleteahouse,ordrivethescenicIcefieldsParkwayforbreathtakingviewsofglaciersandwaterfalls.1.WhenarehikersadvisedtogotoSwissNationalPark?A.InMay. B.InJune. C.InAugust. D.InDecember.2.WhatcanvisitorsdoinYosemiteNationalPark?A.Admire7,000-year-oldlandmarks. B.Interactwithrarewildanimals.C.WalkalongtheLakeAgnesTrail. D.Haveagoodviewofhugetrees.3.WhatdoGlacierNationalParkandBanffNationalParkhaveincommon?A.Thechancetoseeglaciers. B.Theclimbontohighmountains.C.Thevisittoanumberofvalleys. D.Thedrivethroughthewholepark.【答案】1.C2.D3.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了2023-2024年四個(gè)最佳國(guó)家公園?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)SwissNationalPark部分中的“Thisparkclosesfrommid-NovemberuntiltheendofMaywithsomehighertrailsremainingundersnowthroughJune,sotimeyourtripforthewarmermonths.(該公園從11月中旬至5月底關(guān)閉，部分較高的步道在6月仍被積雪覆蓋，因此請(qǐng)選擇在溫暖的月份出行)”可知，該公園從11月中旬至5月底關(guān)閉，部分較高的步道在6月仍被積雪覆蓋，所以說(shuō)徒步旅行者在11月到6月不適合游覽該公園，在溫暖的月份，如8月份適合游覽，故選C?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)YosemiteNationalPark部分中的“Don’tforgettoswingbyoneofthesequoiagroves(紅杉林)tobeamazedatthetoweringtrees.(別忘了順便逛逛紅杉林，驚嘆于高聳的樹木。)”可知，游客在優(yōu)勝美地國(guó)家公園可以看到巨大的樹木。故選D。【3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Glacier(冰川)NationalPark部分中的“Theexpansiveonemillion-acrepark,whichwasnamedafterthoseremainsofglaciersestimatedtobe7,000yearsold,offersimpressivemountainousscenery.(這座占地100萬(wàn)英畝的廣闊公園以估計(jì)有7000年歷史的冰川遺跡命名，擁有令人印象深刻的山地風(fēng)光。)”和BanffNationalPark部分中的“VisitorscanexploreBanffNationalParkonfootalongmorethan1,000milesofhikingtrails—theLakeAgnesTrailfeaturesaseasonalEuropean-styleteahouse,ordrivethescenicIcefieldsParkwayforbreathtakingviewsofglaciersandwaterfalls.(游客可以沿著超過(guò)1000英里的遠(yuǎn)足小徑步行探索班夫國(guó)家公園——艾格尼絲湖步道(LakeAgnesTrail)設(shè)有季節(jié)性的歐式茶館，或者駕車沿著風(fēng)景秀麗的冰原大道(IcefieldsParkway)欣賞冰川和瀑布的壯麗景色。)”可知，冰川國(guó)家公園和班夫國(guó)家公園的共同點(diǎn)是游客都有機(jī)會(huì)看到冰川，故選A。BArtisauniversallanguage.Musicisauniversallanguage.Loveisauniversallanguage.Now,it’stheturnofsandtobementionedinsuchterms.Inherwork,sandartistKseniyaSimonovamixesart,musicandlovetocreateherownmediumwhichcanbeunderstoodandappreciatedbyeveryone.AccordingtoSimonova,shefellinlovewithsandart“absolutelyaccidentally.”Herhusband,atheatredirector,advisedhertogiveitatry.“IneverthoughtIcouldperform;Iwasalwaysaclassicalartist,”revealsSimonova.“IjuststarteditasahobbyandIneverthoughtitwouldturnouttobewhatitisnow.”In2009,Simonovawonthe“Ukraine’sGotTalent”TVcontest.Sincethenherfamehasskyrocketed,andshehasbecomearealsensation(引起轟動(dòng)的人).TheartSimonovacreatesismagical;however,themediumsheusesisquitecommon.“Itisordinaryriversand.TherewasatimewhenIdidusethevolcanicone,butactuallyitmakesnodifference,”saysSimonova.“Insandartitisanideaanditsvisualisationthatmatters.WhatIdoiscreateatheatreinmymind.Thesandisaveryconvenientmediumthatisveryflexibleandrespondstospeedwell.Itcanshowwhatisgoingoninmyhead.”Theimagescreatedbytheartistliveonlyforafewseconds.However,Simonovaisnotinanywayalarmedbythemomentaryaspectofsandart.“Iknowthatmycreationsexistonlyforawhile,butIbelievethattobeabsolutelynormalbecauseartmirrorslife.Weliveeverymomentofourlife,butit’snotpossibletorepeatthose.ThesameisthecasewithwhatIdo,”Simonovaconcludes.Sandarthelpstheartisttoseetheworldinanewway,paintingever-changinglifeineverygrainofsand.4.HowdoesSimonovafeelaboutherachievementsinsandartinitially?A.Confident. B.Amused. C.Confused. D.Surprised.5.WhatisimportantinsandartperformanceaccordingtoSimonova?A.Themedium. B.Thestory. C.Thetheatre. D.Theaudience’sresponse.6.WhatdoesSimonovasayaboutthemomentarynatureofsandart?A.Itreflectsourlife. B.Itisakindofregret.C.Itencouragesrepetition. D.Italarmsmanysandartists.7.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Love:auniversallanguageB.Sandart:anewformofperformanceC.KseniyaSimonova:paintingtheworldwithsandD.Sandartists:impressingtheworldwithawesomework【答案】4.D5.B6.A7.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了沙子藝術(shù)家KseniyaSimonova以及她的創(chuàng)作過(guò)程和理念?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段““IneverthoughtIcouldperform;Iwasalwaysaclassicalartist,”revealsSimonova.“IjuststarteditasahobbyandIneverthoughtitwouldturnouttobewhatitisnow.”In2009,Simonovawonthe“Ukraine’sGotTalent”TVcontest.(“我從沒想過(guò)我能表演；我一直是一個(gè)古典藝術(shù)家，”Simonova透露?！拔覄傞_始只是把它當(dāng)作一種愛好，我從沒想過(guò)它會(huì)變成現(xiàn)在這樣。”2009年，Simonova贏得了“烏克蘭達(dá)人秀”電視比賽。)”可知，Simonova最初對(duì)自己在沙藝術(shù)上的成就感到很驚訝。故選D。【5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段““Insandartitisanideaanditsvisualisationthatmatters.WhatIdoiscreateatheatreinmymind.Thesandisaveryconvenientmediumthatisveryflexibleandrespondstospeedwell.Itcanshowwhatisgoingoninmyhead.”(“在沙藝術(shù)中，它是一個(gè)想法，它的可視化很重要。我所做的就是在我的腦海中創(chuàng)造一個(gè)劇場(chǎng)。沙子是一種非常方便的介質(zhì)，非常靈活，對(duì)速度的反應(yīng)也很好。它可以顯示我腦子里在想什么?！?”可知，Simonova認(rèn)為在沙藝術(shù)中，它是一個(gè)想法，它的可視化很重要，所以她會(huì)在自己的腦海中創(chuàng)造一個(gè)劇場(chǎng)，也就是要先有一個(gè)想法。故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Theimagescreatedbytheartistliveonlyforafewseconds.However,Simonovaisnotinanywayalarmedbythemomentaryaspectofsandart.“Iknowthatmycreationsexistonlyforawhile,butIbelievethattobeabsolutelynormalbecauseartmirrorslife.Weliveeverymomentofourlife,butit’snotpossibletorepeatthose.ThesameisthecasewithwhatIdo,”Simonovaconcludes.(藝術(shù)家創(chuàng)作的圖像只存在幾秒鐘。然而，Simonova并沒有因?yàn)樯乘囆g(shù)的短暫性而感到震驚?！拔抑牢业淖髌分淮嬖谝欢螘r(shí)間，但我相信這是絕對(duì)正常的，因?yàn)樗囆g(shù)反映了生活。我們過(guò)著生命中的每一刻，但不可能重復(fù)這些。我的工作也是如此，”Simonova總結(jié)道。)”可知，關(guān)于沙藝術(shù)的短暫性，Simonova認(rèn)為藝術(shù)反映了生活，生活中的每一刻都不可能重復(fù)。故選A?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Artisauniversallanguage.Musicisauniversallanguage.Loveisauniversallanguage.Now,it’stheturnofsandtobementionedinsuchterms.Inherwork,sandartistKseniyaSimonovamixesart,musicandlovetocreateherownmediumwhichcanbeunderstoodandappreciatedbyeveryone.(藝術(shù)是一種通用語(yǔ)言。音樂是世界通用的語(yǔ)言。愛是世界通用的語(yǔ)言?，F(xiàn)在輪到沙子被這樣提及了。在她的作品中，沙藝術(shù)家KseniyaSimonova將藝術(shù)，音樂和愛情混合在一起，創(chuàng)造了她自己的媒介，可以被每個(gè)人理解和欣賞。)”以及文章第四段“Theimagescreatedbytheartistliveonlyforafewseconds.However,Simonovaisnotinanywayalarmedbythemomentaryaspectofsandart.“Iknowthatmycreationsexistonlyforawhile,butIbelievethattobeabsolutelynormalbecauseartmirrorslife.Weliveeverymomentofourlife,butit’snotpossibletorepeatthose.ThesameisthecasewithwhatIdo,”Simonovaconcludes.(藝術(shù)家創(chuàng)作的圖像只存在幾秒鐘。然而，Simonova并沒有因?yàn)樯乘囆g(shù)的短暫性而感到震驚?！拔抑牢业淖髌分淮嬖谝欢螘r(shí)間，但我相信這是絕對(duì)正常的，因?yàn)樗囆g(shù)反映了生活。我們過(guò)著生命中的每一刻，但不可能重復(fù)這些。我的工作也是如此，”Simonova總結(jié)道。)”可知，本文主要介紹KseniyaSimonova和她的沙子藝術(shù)，因此最佳標(biāo)題應(yīng)該是選項(xiàng)C“KseniyaSimonova:paintingtheworldwithsand(KseniyaSimonova：用沙子描繪世界)”。故選C。CTheGrandCanal,alargewaterwaythatfirstconnectednorthandsouthChinaover1400yearsago,isshorterthanitoncewas,butitisstillthelongestman-maderiverintheworld.TheoriginalCanalsystembeganaroundtheyear605.China’semperorrealizedthatheneededabetterwaytofeedhisarmy.Specifically,heneededawaytomovefoodquicklyfromChina’ssouthernrice-growingregiontothecountry’snorth.Thus,hespent6yearsonconstructionofthefirstsectionoftheGrandCanal,connectingexistingcanals,lakesandrivers.However,by1127,partshadbeguntoworsen.In1279,KublaiKhanbegantorepairandcreateamoredirectnorth-southroutetoandfromBeijing.TheGrandCanalwasalsoanimportantculturalchannel.Soldiers,merchantsandartiststransportedideas,regionalfoodsandculturalpracticesfromonepartofChinatoanother.ItissaidthatPekingduckandthePeckingoperawerebothbroughtnorthviathecanal.Eventoday,thecountry’swateryhighwayplaysanimportanteconomicroleinChina.Inaddition,localgovernments,eagertoincreasetourismandrealestate(房地產(chǎn))development,arebeautifyingareasalongtheCanal.Thisdevelopmentcomesataprice,though.InYangzhou,thecitygovernmenthastorndownalmostalloftheolderCanal-sidebuildings.FarthersouthinthecitiesofZhenjiang,WuxiandHangzhou,thesituationissimilar.“Traditionally,wetalkabouteighteenmaincitiesontheGrandCanal,andeachhadsomethinguniqueandspecialaboutit.”explainsZhouXihua,thedirectoroftheGrandCanalmuseum.“Butnowmanyofthesecitiesareallthesame:athousandpeoplewithoneface.”In2005agroupofcitizensproposedthatthehistoricGrandCanalbemadeaUNESCOworldheritagesite.Thestatuswouldprotectboththewaterwayandarchitecturearoundit.“Everygenerationwantsthenextgenerationtounderstandit,tolookatitsmonuments.”saidZhuBingren,anartistwhocowrotethisproposal.UNESCOstatuswasofficiallygrantedin2014.ThehopenowisthatthegrandCanal,oneoftheworld’sgreatengineeringaccomplishments,willcontinuetolinknorthandsouthChinaforcenturiestocome.8.WhywastheGrandCanaloriginallybuilt?A.Toallowhisarmytomovemorequickly.B.Totransportfoodfromthesouthtothenorth.C.ToenablepeopletovisitremotepartsofChina.D.Topromotetheculturalandtraditionaldiversity.9.WhatisnottrueabouttheGrandCanal?A.Itisthelongestman-maderiverintheworld.B.Itorginallycompleteconstructionintheyear611.C.Itsoriginalnorth-southrouteistoandfromBeijing.D.ItallowedPekingduckandthePekingoperatospread.10.Whatistheunderlinesentencemeaninginparagaph4?A.Developingthecanalinvolvesspendingalotofmoney.B.Evenafterspendingmoney,peopledislikethedevelopment.C.Developingitismoreexpensivethanonecanimagine.D.Therearesomenegativeconsequencestothisdevelopment.11.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.ThehistoryoftheGrandCanal. B.TheintroductionoftheGrandCanal.C.TheconstructionoftheGrandCanal. D.TheproectionoftheGrandCanal.【答案】8.B9.C10.D11.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了大運(yùn)河的發(fā)展歷史和意義，以及在當(dāng)代所遭受的破壞和人們?yōu)楸Ｗo(hù)大運(yùn)河所做出的努力?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Specifically,heneededawaytomovefoodquicklyfromChina’ssouthernrice-growingregiontothecountry’snorth.Thus,hespent6yearsonconstructionofthefirstsectionoftheGrandCanal,connectingexistingcanals,lakesandrivers.(具體來(lái)說(shuō)，他需要一種將糧食從中國(guó)南部水稻種植區(qū)快速運(yùn)送到該國(guó)北部的方法。于是，他花了6年時(shí)間修建了第一段大運(yùn)河，連接了現(xiàn)有的運(yùn)河、湖泊和河流)”可知，當(dāng)初修建大運(yùn)河是為了把糧食從南方運(yùn)到北方。故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Thus,hespent6yearsonconstructionofthefirstsectionoftheGrandCanal,connectingexistingcanals,lakesandrivers.However,by1127,partshadbeguntoworsen.In1279,KublaiKhanbegantorepairandcreateamoredirectnorth-southroutetoandfromBeijing.(于是，他花了6年時(shí)間修建了第一段大運(yùn)河，連接了現(xiàn)有的運(yùn)河、湖泊和河流。然而，到了1127年，部分情況開始變?cè)愀狻?279年，忽必烈開始修復(fù)和開辟一條更加直接的往返北京的南北航線)”可知，大運(yùn)河原有的南北航線和往返北京的航線不是一條線。C項(xiàng)“其原有的南北航線為往返北京?！笔清e(cuò)誤的，故選C?！?0題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線句子下文“InYangzhou,thecitygovernmenthastorndownalmostalloftheolderCanal-sidebuildings.FarthersouthinthecitiesofZhenjiang,WuxiandHangzhou,thesituationissimilar.(在揚(yáng)州，市政府拆除了幾乎所有運(yùn)河沿岸的舊建筑。再往南的鎮(zhèn)江、無(wú)錫、杭州等城市，情況也類似。)”可知，為了發(fā)展，一些城市拆除了幾乎所有運(yùn)河沿岸的舊建筑，這是發(fā)展所帶來(lái)的負(fù)面后果，由此可推知?jiǎng)澗€句子意為“這種發(fā)展帶來(lái)了一些負(fù)面后果”，故選D?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段“TheGrandCanal,alargewaterwaythatfirstconnectednorthandsouthChinaover1400yearsago,isshorterthanitoncewas,butitisstillthelongestman-maderiverintheworld.(大運(yùn)河是1400多年前首次連接中國(guó)南北的大水道，雖然比以前短了，但它仍然是世界上最長(zhǎng)的人工河流。)”可知，文章主要介紹了大運(yùn)河，包括其發(fā)展歷史和意義，以及在當(dāng)代所遭受的破壞和人們?yōu)楸Ｗo(hù)大運(yùn)河所做出的努力。故選B。DInthethickjungleofNewGuineaisnature’smostamazingtheater,aCarola’sparotia(天堂鳥)isshowingoffhisredandyellowfeathersinadisplaycalleda“butterflydance.”Thisbrilliantlycoloredbirdsofparadisehavedevelopedovermillionsofyearsfromancientbirdswhosefeathersweredarkandboringincomparison.Itseemstobeacontradiction(矛盾)thatsuchextremefeathersandcolorscouldhavebeenfavoredbytheprocessofevolution.Afterall,thesesamebrightlycoloredfeathersthatattractmatesalsomakethebirdsmuchmorenoticeabletopredators(捕食者).Theanswerliesinthesafeenvironmentinwhichthebirdslive,andaprocessofevolutionknownassexualselection.Exceptforotherpressures,birdsofparadisebegintospecializeinattractingmates.Overmillionsofyearstheyhaveslowlyundergonechangesintheircolors,feathersandothertalents.Characteristicsthatmadeonebirdmoreattractivethananotherwerepassedonandimpoveovertime.Inthepast,demandforthebird’sfeathersresultedinahugeamountofhunting.Atthepeakofthetradeintheearly1900s,80,000skinsayearwereexportedfromNewGuineatoEuropeladies’hats.Nowadays,fewbirdsdieforfashionorfortraditionalcostumes:Ceremonialfeathersarepasseddownfromgenerationtogeneration.Althoughlocalpeoplearestillpermittedtohuntthebirdsfortraditionaluses,theyusuallytargetoldermalebirds,leavingyoungermalestocontinuebreeding.DavidMitchell,aconservationist,isrelyingonthehelpoflocalvillagerstorecordwherethebirdsdisplayandwhattheyeat.Hehopestonotonlygatherdata,butalsoencourageprotectionofthebirds’habitat.Thestrategyseemstobeworking.Formillionsofyears,theseimpressivebirdshavedancedtofindtheirmates.Theywillkeepdancingforaslongastheforestoffersthemstage.12.Whydothebirdsofparadiseevlovethebrightcholors?A.Tofrightenawaypredators. B.Toexeciseandcleanbodies.C.Toshowthepossessionofanarea. D.Toattractamate’sattention.13.Whatcausedsomanybirdsofparadisedieintheearly1900s?A.Industrialdevelopmentdestroyedtheirhabitat. B.Ahighdemandforfeatherstouseinhats.C.Theywereeatenbythepredators. D.Theygotsickafterinteactionswithhuman.14.Whydolocalpeoplecontinuetohuntbirdsofparadise?A.Toeatthem. B.Toprotectsmallerbirds.C.Tomaketraditionalcostumes. D.Tokeeptheirnumbersdown.15.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.FeathersofLove B.TroubleinParadiseC.AnAmazingperformance D.TheProtectionofBirdsofParadise【答案】12.D13.B14.C15.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了天堂鳥的求偶行為和進(jìn)化過(guò)程，以及人類對(duì)天堂鳥的影響和保護(hù)措施?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Itseemstobeacontradiction(矛盾)thatsuchextremefeathersandcolorscouldhavebeenfavoredbytheprocessofevolution.Afterall,thesesamebrightlycoloredfeathersthatattractmatesalsomakethebirdsmuchmorenoticeabletopredators(捕食者).(這似乎是一個(gè)矛盾。畢竟，這些吸引配偶的色彩鮮艷的羽毛也使它們更容易被捕食者注意到)”以及“Exceptforotherpressures,birdsofparadisebegintospecializeinattractingmates.Overmillionsofyearstheyhaveslowlyundergonechangesintheircolors,feathersandothertalents.(除了其他的壓力，天堂鳥開始專注于吸引配偶。在數(shù)百萬(wàn)年的時(shí)間里，它們慢慢地經(jīng)歷了顏色、羽毛和其他才能的變化)”可知，天堂鳥進(jìn)化了鮮艷的顏色是為了吸引配偶的注意。故選D?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Inthepast,demandforthebird’sfeathersresultedinahugeamountofhunting.Atthepeakofthetradeintheearly1900s,80,000skinsayearwereexportedfromNewGuineatoEuropeladies’hats.(在過(guò)去，對(duì)鳥類羽毛的需求導(dǎo)致了大量的狩獵。在20世紀(jì)初的貿(mào)易高峰期，每年有8萬(wàn)張皮從新幾內(nèi)亞出口到歐洲的女士帽子)”可知，20世紀(jì)初，由于用于女士帽子的裝飾的羽毛需求量很大，所以很多天堂鳥被獵殺。故選B。【14題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Nowadays,fewbirdsdieforfashionorfortraditionalcostumes:Ceremonialfeathersarepasseddownfromgenerationtogeneration.Althoughlocalpeoplearestillpermittedtohuntthebirdsfortraditionaluses,theyusuallytargetoldermalebirds,leavingyoungermalestocontinuebreeding.(如今，很少有鳥為時(shí)尚或傳統(tǒng)服裝而死：儀式用的羽毛是代代相傳的。盡管當(dāng)?shù)鼐用袢员辉试S以傳統(tǒng)用途狩獵鳥類，但他們通常以年老的雄鳥為目標(biāo)，讓年輕的雄鳥繼續(xù)繁殖)”可知，當(dāng)?shù)厝死^續(xù)獵殺天堂鳥是因?yàn)閭鹘y(tǒng)用途。故選C?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Exceptforotherpressures,birdsofparadisebegintospecializeinattractingmates.Overmillionsofyearstheyhaveslowlyundergonechangesintheircolors,feathersandothertalents.Characteristicsthatmadeonebirdmoreattractivethananotherwerepassedonandimproveovertime.(除了其他的壓力，天堂鳥開始專注于吸引配偶。在數(shù)百萬(wàn)年的時(shí)間里，它們慢慢地經(jīng)歷了顏色、羽毛和其他才能的變化。使一只鳥比另一只鳥更有吸引力的特征會(huì)隨著時(shí)間的推移而遺傳和改進(jìn))”以及最后一段“Formillionsofyears,theseimpressivebirdshavedancedtofindtheirmates.Theywillkeepdancingforaslongastheforestoffersthemstage.(數(shù)百萬(wàn)年來(lái)，這些令人印象深刻的鳥類一直在跳舞尋找配偶。只要森林能給它們提供舞臺(tái)，它們就會(huì)一直跳舞)”再結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，文章主要講述了天堂鳥利用自己色彩鮮艷的羽毛，跳舞來(lái)尋找配偶。由此可知，F(xiàn)eathersofLove(愛之羽毛)適合作本文最佳標(biāo)題。故選A。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。ShortNapsHaveMajorBenefitsforYourMindForatime,researchwasbothforandagainstnapping.Manystudiesshowedmoodandcognitionbenefitsfrommiddayrest,___16___Thatleftsomeexpertshesitanttoofferadviceonnaps.Morerecentresearch,though,hasclarifiedthatdifferenttypesofnapshavedifferenteffects.Anumberofscientistsnowthinkthesweetspotisabout20to30minutes.Shortnapsdoindeedhavecognitivebenefits,especiallysignificantimprovementsincertainkindsofmemoryandinformation-processingspeed.___17___Noonetalksaboutmoodenough,but,tiredpeopletendtobeangrypeople.___18___Evenashort,10-minutenapwillrefreshaperson.Ifsomeonedoesalittlelonger,thecognitivebenefitslastalittlebitlongeraswell,andthat’swhyhalfanhour,giveortakeabit,hasemergedasagoodnapspan.Cognitivebenefitsdoshowupafternapsthatextendpast30minutes,andthosebenefitslastlonger.___19___Eventhoughtheunevennesscanpassrelativelyquicklyandnoteveryonegetsit,manypeoplefinditunpleasant.Longernapsarealsoassociatedwithsomehealthproblems.Thosewhonappedformorethan30minutesatatimewere23percentmorelikelytobeobesethanthosewhodidn’tnapatall.Theywerealsomorelikelytohaveacombinationofhighbloodpressure,highcholesterol,andotherhealthissues.___20___A.andthatmakesiteasiertowakeup.B.Itdoesn’ttakemuchsleeptoseetheseimprovements.C.Anapalsosimplymakesmanypeoplefeelbetter.D.Butitisprobablyadiseasethatcausestheextranapping.E.yetothersfoundlinkstopoorhealth,especiallyinolderadults.F.Inaddition,longnapsreducethebody’sabilitytolosefatonadiet.G.Butlongernapsletapersonincreaseunevenfeelingonwaking.【答案】16.E17.C18.B19.G20.F【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了短暫的小睡對(duì)你的大腦有很大的好處。【16題詳解】上文“Foratime,researchwasbothforandagainstnapping.(有一段時(shí)間，研究既有支持也有反對(duì)午睡的。)”指出研究既有支持也有反對(duì)午睡的，下文“Thatleftsomeexpertshesitanttoofferadviceonnaps.(這使得一些專家對(duì)于提供小睡建議猶豫不決)”指出一些專家對(duì)于提供小睡建議猶豫不決，這說(shuō)明一些人指出小睡沒有好處，所以一些專家猶豫不決是否該建議人們小睡，E項(xiàng)“然而還有一些人發(fā)現(xiàn)與健康狀況不佳有關(guān)，尤其是老年人?！狈?，和上文“Manystudiesshowedmoodandcognitionbenefitsfrommiddayrest(許多研究表明午間休息對(duì)情緒和認(rèn)知有好處)”一起呼應(yīng)第一句話“Foratime,researchwasbothforandagainstnapping.”，故選E?！?7題詳解】上文“Shortnapsdoindeedhavecognitivebenefits,especiallysignificantimprovementsincertainkindsofmemoryandinformation-processingspeed.(短暫的小睡確實(shí)對(duì)認(rèn)知有好處，尤其是對(duì)某些記憶和信息處理速度的顯著改善)”指出短暫的小睡對(duì)認(rèn)知有好處，下文“Noonetalksaboutmoodenough,but,tiredpeopletendtobeangrypeople.(沒有人談?wù)撟銐虻那榫w，但是，疲憊的人往往是憤怒的人。)”指出疲憊的人往往是憤怒的人，換言之，短暫的小睡對(duì)情緒有好處，可以消除疲憊，使人們感覺更好，空處引起下文，也應(yīng)是介紹短暫小睡的好處，即介紹短暫的小睡對(duì)情緒的好處，C項(xiàng)“午睡也能讓許多人感覺更好?！狈希蔬xC。【18題詳解】下文“Evenashort,10-minutenapwillrefreshaperson.Ifsomeonedoesalittlelonger,thecognitivebenefitslastalittlebitlongeraswell,andthat’swhyhalfanhour,giveortakeabit,hasemergedasagoodnapspan.(即使是短暫的10分鐘小睡也會(huì)讓人精神煥發(fā)。如果有人睡得更久一點(diǎn)，認(rèn)知益處也會(huì)持續(xù)更長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，這就是為什么半小時(shí)（或多或少）被認(rèn)為是一個(gè)很好的小睡時(shí)間)”可知，短暫的小睡不需要太長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，第二段介紹了短暫小睡的好處，由此可知，空處承上啟下，B項(xiàng)“不需要太多睡眠就能看到這些改進(jìn)?！狈?，it代指上文提到的Shortnaps，theseimprovements指上文提到的短暫的小睡對(duì)認(rèn)知和情緒的好處，故選B?！?9題詳解】上文“Cognitivebenefitsdoshowupafternapsthatextendpast30minutes,andthosebenefitslastlonger.(午睡時(shí)間超過(guò)30分鐘后，認(rèn)知益處確實(shí)會(huì)顯現(xiàn)出來(lái)，而且這些益處會(huì)持續(xù)更長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。)”指出午睡時(shí)間超過(guò)30分鐘后，認(rèn)知益處確實(shí)會(huì)顯現(xiàn)出來(lái)，下文“Eventhoughtheunevennesscanpassrelativelyquicklyandnoteveryonegetsit,manypeoplefinditunpleasant.(盡管這種不均勻現(xiàn)象可以相對(duì)較快地消失，而且并不是每個(gè)人都能感受到，但許多人還是覺得不舒服。)”提到了“不均衡現(xiàn)象”，且指出不均衡的現(xiàn)象讓人感覺不舒服，由此可知，空處應(yīng)引起下文，也與“不均衡現(xiàn)象”有關(guān)，且和上文是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，G項(xiàng)“但較長(zhǎng)的小睡會(huì)讓人在醒來(lái)時(shí)增加不平衡的感覺?！狈希瑃heunevenfeeling呼應(yīng)下文的theunevenness。故選G?！?0題詳解】上文“Thosewhonappedformorethan30minutesatatimewere23percentmorelikelytobeobesethanthosewhodidn’tnapatall.Theywerealsomorelikelytohaveacombinationofhighbloodpressure,highcholesterol,andotherhealthissues.(那些一次小睡超過(guò)30分鐘的人比那些根本不小睡的人肥胖的可能性高出23%。他們也更有可能同時(shí)患有高血壓、高膽固醇和其他健康問(wèn)題)”指出了小睡超過(guò)30分鐘導(dǎo)致的不良后果，空處承接上文，也應(yīng)談?wù)撔∷^(guò)長(zhǎng)產(chǎn)生的不良后果，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)“此外，長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的小睡會(huì)降低身體通過(guò)節(jié)食減肥的能力?！狈希蔬xF。第II卷第三部分語(yǔ)言知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。Elephantshaveagoodmemoryandtheycanrecallthesmellofarelativeevenafteradecadeapart.WhenFranziskaHornerandherteam___21___plannedreunions(團(tuán)聚)betweentwomother-daughterpairsatzoosinGermany,theytookadvantageofthechancetotesttheelephants’___22___.Onepairhadbeen___23___fortwoyears,___24___theotherhadspent12yearsapart.Franziska___25___faecal(排泄物的)samplesfromtheseAfricanelephantsandothersatGermanzoos,carryingthesmelly10-to-15-kilogramfaecesaroundinhertinycar.Herteam___26___thesesamplesoneatatimetothefourelephants___27___theirreunions.Whentheyencounteredfaecesfrom___28___elephants,eitherthoseinthesamezooorunfamiliaranimals,theysniffed(聞)thefaecespilesandwalkedaway.Butwhenpresentedwitha___29___fromthemotherordaughtertheywereduetobereunitedwith,thefemaleelephants____30____sniffedthesamplesandshowedavarietyof____31____,frommakingdeepsoundstoswingingtheirears.Suchreactionsmaybelinkedtopositiveemotions,theresearcherssay.“Thatwasamazingandintense,”saysFranziska.“Weweresuretheydid____32____,andtheyknewexactlywhattheywere____33____there.Thesamplesizewassmall,butitwouldbe____34____todosimilartestsonelephantsthatweren’tbeingreunited.”“Iamnotsurprisedthatelephantshavememories,especiallyinsocialcontexts,that____35____alongtime,”saysanotherscientist.21.A.heardabout B.worriedabout C.gaveup D.linedup22.A.tastes B.entertainments C.efforts D.memories23.A.ignored B.separated C.abandoned D.observed24.A.once B.until C.while D.because25.A.cleaned B.mixed C.collected D.adjusted26.A.presen