突破高考英語(yǔ)短文改錯(cuò)講義

突破2024年高考英語(yǔ)短文改錯(cuò)高考短文改錯(cuò)是專門針對(duì)考生在平時(shí)的英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中，尤其是寫作練習(xí)中常犯的較為普遍的錯(cuò)誤而設(shè)計(jì)的，旨在考查考生發(fā)現(xiàn)、判斷、糾正短文中錯(cuò)誤的能力。高考主要從詞法、句法、行文邏輯三個(gè)角度考查考生在語(yǔ)篇中準(zhǔn)確運(yùn)用英語(yǔ)的能力。一、詞法類錯(cuò)誤詞法類錯(cuò)誤在短文改錯(cuò)題中占很大的比例，考生需要特別注意。對(duì)于這類題，考生要仔細(xì)分析句子成分，細(xì)心觀察，并在平時(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中多積累語(yǔ)言知識(shí)。其類型通常有以下幾種：名詞使用錯(cuò)誤、冠詞使用錯(cuò)誤、介詞使用錯(cuò)誤、形容詞與副詞的使用錯(cuò)誤和數(shù)詞使用錯(cuò)誤等。【考點(diǎn)1】名詞使用錯(cuò)誤考向典題試做技法點(diǎn)撥可數(shù)名詞單復(fù)數(shù)的誤用1.(2023·全國(guó)甲卷)Thebees,butterflyandmanyotherinsectslookedlovelyandbeautifulonthestamps.根據(jù)句意和語(yǔ)境判斷清楚應(yīng)用名詞單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)形式。不可數(shù)名詞的誤用2.(全國(guó)Ⅱ卷)Besides,theyoftengetsomeusefulinformationsfromtheInternet.3.(全國(guó)Ⅱ卷)Ifwegoonatripabroad,wecanbroadenourviewandgainknowledgeswecannotgetfrombooks.4.(全國(guó)Ⅰ卷)Theairswebreatheinisgettingdirtieranddirtier.不可數(shù)名詞沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)，前面一般不能用a/an修飾。要牢記?？嫉牟豢蓴?shù)名詞：advice，news，information，knowledge，progress，work，fun，weather，music，air，health,luck等。名詞所有格的誤用5.(全國(guó)Ⅱ卷)WhenIwaslittle,Friday’snightwasourfamilygamenight.6.(2023·開(kāi)封二模)WhenIfinallyarrivedatmyfriendhelentmelotsofclothes.名詞所有格表示所屬關(guān)系，主要有以下兩種誤用情況：應(yīng)該用名詞所有格卻沒(méi)有用或不該用的卻誤用了名詞所有格。1.名詞與形容詞的混用2.名詞與動(dòng)詞的混用7.(2023·全國(guó)乙卷)Atleastonethingprovedtruth:thecolorwouldn’twashout.8.(2023·九江高三二模)It’snormaltofeelangryfromtimetotimeinrespondtocertainsituations.1.作表語(yǔ)，根據(jù)句意判斷是用形容詞還是名詞。2.名詞放在以下四類詞之后(1)冠詞(2)介詞(3)形容詞(4)形容詞性物主代詞【隨堂演練】1.(2022·全國(guó)乙卷)Ourcitieswillbebetterplacesifwereplacecarswithbicycle.2.(2021·全國(guó)甲卷)Manystudentssaytheywilltalktotheirfriendorclassmatesbecausethey’reofthesameageandcanunderstandeachother.3.(全國(guó)Ⅰ卷)NextIbroketheeggsintoabowlandbeatthemquicklywithchopstick.4.(全國(guó)Ⅱ卷)Luckily，Iwillgohomeintwoweeksforsummervacations.5.(2023·咸陽(yáng)高考模擬檢測(cè)二)Howmuchwatershouldyoudrinkeachday?Studieshaveproducedvaryingadvicesovertheyears.6.(2023·河南平許濟(jì)洛四市高三二模)Wordcouldn’tdescribehowsorryIwas,soIthoughtaboutwhatIcoulddo.7.(2023·安康高三二模)TraditionalChineseMedicine(TCM)hasbeenpasseddownforthousandofyears.8.(2023·新鄉(xiāng)第三次模擬)Second,withavarietyofvoluntaryexperiences,thereisnodoubtthatIwillservewithcare,kindandsmile.【考點(diǎn)2】冠詞使用錯(cuò)誤考向典題試做技法點(diǎn)撥a和an混用1.(全國(guó)Ⅲ卷)Eachofmycafeswillhaveadifferentthemeandanuniquestyle.2.(全國(guó)Ⅱ卷)Theylivefarfromtheschool,andittakesthemaboutahourandahalftogotoworkeveryday.用于輔音音素(不是輔音字母)開(kāi)頭的詞前，如auniversity,auniquepen。用于元音音素(不是元音字母)開(kāi)頭的詞前，如anhour,anhonestman,animportantperson等。a，an和the混用3.(2023·全國(guó)甲卷)Intheevening,whenItakethewalkintheschoolgarden,thesingingofinsectsbeesmoremeaningfultome.4.(2023·長(zhǎng)春第四次調(diào)研)Theplayshouldbenolongerthanfifteenminutesonawhole.5.(2023·新鄉(xiāng)三模)I’mLiHua,thestudentofXinhuamiddleschool.和an表示數(shù)量，或者泛指任何一個(gè)。表特指，一般譯為這個(gè)或那個(gè)，the經(jīng)常用于序數(shù)詞和形容詞最高級(jí)之前。3.也?？脊谠~a/an/the的固定搭配。冠詞的缺失與多余6.(2023·全國(guó)乙卷)Momwassuresamecolorwouldlookgreatonher.7.(2023·咸陽(yáng)高考模擬檢測(cè)二)Forthemostpeople,drinkingmorethanneededwaterisneithernecessarynormedicallyhelpful.8.(2023·鄭州高三第二次質(zhì)量預(yù)測(cè))TheotherdaymyparentsandItooktriptoEmeiMountaininSichuan.1.有些情況用冠詞，如可數(shù)名詞表示特指時(shí)。2.有些情況不用冠詞，如季節(jié)、月份、星期、一日三餐、語(yǔ)言、學(xué)科、運(yùn)動(dòng)游戲名、by＋交通方式、不可數(shù)名詞或復(fù)數(shù)名詞表泛指等。3.有些冠詞用于一些固定短語(yǔ)中。【隨堂演練】1.(全國(guó)Ⅲ卷)Forexample，everymorning，mydadhastohavethebowlofeggsoupwhileIhavetoeatanapple.2.(全國(guó)Ⅰ卷)AfterthatIpouredoilintoapanandturnedonthestove...ThenIputthetomatoesandthebeateneggsintopantogether.3.(全國(guó)Ⅱ卷)Thereareallkindsoftheflowersandtreesaroundtheclassroombuilding.4.(全國(guó)Ⅰ卷)Istillrememberhowhardfirstdaywas.5.(2023·宜春高三一模)However,whatmadethisshowgreatsuccessisthatitprovidedagoldenopportunityfortheparticipants.6.(2023·安康高三二模)FrankGriffoisaacupuncturist(針灸師)inCaliforniawhopletedhismaster’sdegreeinTCMin2005attheAmericanCollegeofTraditionalChineseMedicineinSanFrancisco.【考點(diǎn)3】介詞使用錯(cuò)誤考向典題試做技法點(diǎn)撥介詞遺漏1.(2022·全國(guó)乙卷)Maybeitisbecausethebinationoffreshair,smoothmovementandexercise.2.(全國(guó)Ⅱ卷)I’mgladtoknowthatyouhaveeChinatolearnKongfuinaschoolinmyhometown.3.(2023·咸陽(yáng)高三二模)Butyourindividualwaterneedsdependmanyfactors.1.不及物動(dòng)詞后需要加介詞才能加賓語(yǔ)。2.作定語(yǔ)的不定式中，動(dòng)詞如果是不及物動(dòng)詞，或不定式修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動(dòng)詞的地點(diǎn)、工具等，不定式后要有相應(yīng)的介詞。3.關(guān)注一些易混詞語(yǔ)的區(qū)別，如：because后接句子，becauseof后接單詞或短語(yǔ)。介詞多余4.(2023·全國(guó)甲卷)Now,I’veetolovethoseofsmalllivingthings.5.(全國(guó)Ⅱ卷)ThenIcansparesometimetolearnitagain，sothatwecanpracticetogetheroneveryday.1.及物動(dòng)詞后無(wú)需加介詞就可以加賓語(yǔ)。each等詞構(gòu)成的時(shí)間短語(yǔ)，單獨(dú)作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，前面不用任何介詞。介詞誤用6.(全國(guó)Ⅰ卷)Unfortunately,onthedevelopmentofindustrialization,theenvironmenthasbeenpolluted.7.(2023·河南平許濟(jì)洛四市高三二模)Afterthat,Idecidedtomakeadeliciouslunchwithmyparents.8.(2023·鷹潭高三二模)Inaddition,it’sveryimportantforustohaveahealthylifestyleandholdapositiveattitudewithlife.9.(2022·新鄉(xiāng)三模)Knowingvolunteersofthe2022WinterOlympicGamesareindemand,I’mwritingtoapplytothepreciouschance.1.關(guān)注介詞的搭配(1)與動(dòng)詞的搭配(2)與形容詞的搭配(3)與名詞的搭配2.牢記相似介詞的區(qū)別in，on，at的區(qū)別：表示時(shí)間時(shí)，in表示在一段時(shí)間(如年、季節(jié)、月等)里，在將來(lái)時(shí)句子中則表示在一段時(shí)間之后；on表示在具體的某一天或者某天的上午、下午或晚上等；at表示具體的時(shí)刻。【隨堂演練】1.(2023·全國(guó)乙卷)Shestudiedwithallthehairproductsatthedrugstore.2.(2021·全國(guó)甲卷)Oneofthequestionsis：Whowillyougointimesoftrouble？3.(全國(guó)Ⅲ卷)Iwantmycafetohaveaspecialthemesuchaslike“TangDynasty”.4.(全國(guó)Ⅰ卷)Attheendofourtrip,ItoldmyfatherthatIplannedtoreturnforeverytwoyears,andheagreed.5.(2023·鄭州高三第二次質(zhì)量預(yù)測(cè))Theweatherwasfineandwewereonhighspirits.6.(2023·焦作高三二模)Chinesepeopleplaceahighvalueinresponsibility.7.(2023·鄭州高三第二次質(zhì)量預(yù)測(cè))IwassotiredthatIfellasleepthemomentmyheadtouchedatthepillow.8.(2023·合肥三模)Inthemorningof15th,August,aboutfivehundredteachersandstudentstookpartintheannualsportsmeetingontheplayground.【考點(diǎn)4】形容詞與副詞的使用錯(cuò)誤考向典題試做技法點(diǎn)撥形容詞和副詞的詞性誤用1.(2023·全國(guó)乙卷)However,insteadofthebrownishredhairshehadhopedfor,shefinalgotpurplehair.2.(2023·九江高三二模)Exerciseisusefullyforimprovingfitnessandreducinganger.3.(2023·河南平許濟(jì)洛四市高三二模)Earlyinthemorning,Igavethehouseathoroughlycleaning.注意形容詞和副詞用法的區(qū)別1.形容詞常修飾名詞或代詞作定語(yǔ)，在主系表結(jié)構(gòu)中作表語(yǔ)來(lái)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的情況，也可在主謂賓賓補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)中作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)來(lái)補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的情況。2.副詞常修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、另一個(gè)副詞或整個(gè)句子作狀語(yǔ)。形容詞和副詞比較等級(jí)的誤用4.(全國(guó)Ⅱ卷)OnewasthatIwasamazedatthefactthatasickpersoncouldfeelmuchmorebetterafterseeingadoctor.5.(全國(guó)Ⅲ卷)Theywerealsothebestandworseyearsinmylife.6.(2023·安康高三二模)Itistakingonalargeroleinourmedicalsystemherethanbefore.理清原級(jí)、比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)1.原級(jí)和比較級(jí)混用。2.比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)混用。3.在本身已是比較級(jí)形式的基礎(chǔ)上誤加more。4.在沒(méi)有最高級(jí)的詞前誤加most。常見(jiàn)形容詞和副詞的辨析7.(全國(guó)Ⅰ卷)Istoppedtheballandkickedithardlybacktotheplayground.8.(全國(guó)Ⅱ卷)Beside,theyoftengetsomeusefulinformationfromtheInternet.9.(2023·開(kāi)封三模)Weareallproudofherasshehasproventhatit’sneververylatetolearnanewskill.1.hardadv.努力地；猛烈地hardlyadv.幾乎不2.besideprep.在……旁邊besidesadv.此外3.deepadv.深地(具體)deeplyadv.深深地(抽象)4.so...that...如此……以至于……5.too...to...太……而不可能……【隨堂演練】1.(2023·全國(guó)甲卷)Thebees,butterfliesandmanyotherinsectslookedlovelyandbeautifullyonthestamps.2.(2022·全國(guó)乙卷)Weallknowthatcyclingisagreatlyexercise.3.(2022·全國(guó)甲卷)Ifeltsocloselytohim.4.(2021·全國(guó)乙卷)What’smost,doinghouseworkcanbeaformofmentallyrelaxationfromstudy.5.(2023·焦作高三二模)Thus,weshouldstudyhardlyforourmotherland.6.(2023·寶雞高考模擬)MostofmyclassmateshadalreadyleftandIfeltquitehelplessly.【考點(diǎn)5】數(shù)詞使用錯(cuò)誤考向典題試做技法點(diǎn)撥基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞混用(全國(guó)Ⅱ卷)Then，whenIwasinthefivegrade，IwantedtobeateacherbecauseIlikedmyEnglishteachersomuch.1.只描述數(shù)量多少時(shí)用基數(shù)詞。2.強(qiáng)調(diào)順序性，作“第幾”講的時(shí)候用序數(shù)詞?！倦S堂演練2】1.(全國(guó)Ⅱ卷)Inthesummerholidayfollowingmyeighteenbirthday,Itookdrivinglessons.2.(2023·西安高三聯(lián)考)Abouteighthyearsago,Iwenttovisitmygrandfatherduringthesummerholiday.3.(2023·贛州模擬)Inordertocelebratetheeightyanniversaryofthefoundingofourschool,abigcelebrationwasheldinourschoollastSunday.二、句法類錯(cuò)誤高考短文改錯(cuò)常見(jiàn)的句法類錯(cuò)誤有動(dòng)詞使用錯(cuò)誤和從句引導(dǎo)詞使用錯(cuò)誤。這些錯(cuò)誤通常與句子成分的分析緊密相關(guān)，所以難度較大。【考點(diǎn)1】動(dòng)詞使用錯(cuò)誤動(dòng)詞的使用是英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的難點(diǎn)和易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)，在高考短文改錯(cuò)題中，動(dòng)詞使用錯(cuò)誤占比最大，要引起考生的特別關(guān)注。(一)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞誤用考向典題試做技法點(diǎn)撥時(shí)態(tài)誤用1.(2023·全國(guó)乙卷)Thecolorshechoosecameinaboxwhichhadapictureofawomanwhosehaircolorlookedjustperfect.2.(2022·全國(guó)乙卷)Soyouarenotproducingcarbondioxideandnotcauseairpollution.3.(2021·全國(guó)乙卷)Ialsowatertheflowersintheyardandtidyingupmyownbedroomwhatevernecessary.4.(全國(guó)Ⅱ卷)Actually，IstarttolearnkungfuwhenIwassevenyearsold，forIhavelongbeenoutofpractice.1.檢查一致性(1)識(shí)別時(shí)態(tài)是否一致；(2)檢查每一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)的時(shí)態(tài)與上下文及該句時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)是否一致；(3)檢查助動(dòng)詞have/has/had等后面的動(dòng)詞形式是否一致。2.關(guān)注平行或并列結(jié)構(gòu)(1)平行或并列結(jié)構(gòu)中，動(dòng)詞的形式通常一致；(2)辨別and,or等詞后的動(dòng)詞與前面哪個(gè)動(dòng)詞并列。語(yǔ)態(tài)誤用5.(2022·全國(guó)乙卷)Justseehowcarshavebeentakenoverourcities.6.(2023·九江高三二模)Sopretendyourlipsaregluingtogether.7.Everydayhemakessurethatfreshvegetablesandhighqualityoilareusingforcook.留心語(yǔ)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤1.構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的過(guò)去分詞是否寫成了過(guò)去式或現(xiàn)在分詞。2.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的句子缺了be的各種形式或主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句子多了be的各種形式。主謂一致誤用8.(2023·全國(guó)甲卷)Inaevening,whenItakeawalkintheschoolgarden,thesingingofinsectsbeemoremeaningfultome.9.(2022·全國(guó)乙卷)Adoctortellsmepeoplewholivesthelongestaredancersandcyclists.10.(2021·全國(guó)甲卷)Oneofthequestionsare：Whowillyougotointimesoftrouble？11.(2023·九江高三二模)Ifthefirsttwostepsdoesn’twork,goforawalk.12.(2023·鷹潭高三二模)Another15%justdoesthistoseekexcitementortrytogetridoftheiranxieties.13.(2023·長(zhǎng)春外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)校質(zhì)檢)YouareaconsideratepersonwhoknowexactlywhatIneed.判斷主謂是否一致1.可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)。2.動(dòng)詞ing形式、不定式或名詞性從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用第三人稱單數(shù)。注意：名詞性從句表示復(fù)數(shù)概念時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)。3.就近原則常見(jiàn)的有：either...or...,neither...nor...,notonly...butalso...,therebe等。4.就遠(yuǎn)原則常見(jiàn)的有：togetherwith,aswellas,but,except等。5.在倒裝句中要找出句子的主語(yǔ)從而判斷謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。6.定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要與定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的先行詞保持一致。因分隔現(xiàn)象造成的錯(cuò)誤14.(2023·綿陽(yáng)診斷二)Variousperformances,includingdancingandsinging,wasshownduringthefestival.15.(2023·天一大聯(lián)考)China,whichisrecognizedwidelyasthehometownoftea,gainabigreputationofteaplanting.還原或者簡(jiǎn)化句子對(duì)于分隔現(xiàn)象，可以用刪減原則：從整體把握主干，去掉句中的插入語(yǔ)、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、從句等分隔干擾成分，使句子結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)化，一目了然?！倦S堂演練】1.(2022·全國(guó)甲卷)However,afterIwenttohighschool,somehowIbeedistantfromhim.2.(2021·全國(guó)乙卷)That’sourviewonhousework.Andhopesthiscaninspiremorethinkingonthetopic！3.(2021·全國(guó)乙卷)Also,itgivesourparentsmoretimetodowhattheyarelikeanditimprovesthefamilyrelationship.4.(全國(guó)Ⅲ卷)Mydaddon’tlikethesoupandIdon’tenjoyapples.5.(2023·宜春高三一模)LastmonthmynewschoolhadwitnessedtheFirstOnlineLifeSkillsShow.6.(2023·安康高三二模)Therearemorethan60，000acupuncturistsintheUnitedStatesrightnow.Chinesemedicinehasbeengrowndramaticallyinthelast15years.7.(2023·鄭州高三第二次質(zhì)量預(yù)測(cè))Asweclimbedthemountain,wefeedmonkeys,visitedtemplesandtoldstories.8.(2023·鄭州高三第二次質(zhì)量預(yù)測(cè))Timepassedquickly,andbeforeweknewit,nighthasfallen.(二)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞誤用考向典題試做技法點(diǎn)撥非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的混用1.(2023·全國(guó)乙卷)Sheputthenewcoloronherhairandsatstillfor30minutes,justasthedirectionssaying.2.(2021·全國(guó)甲卷)Theiranswersalsoshowthattheydisliketalktoothers.3.(2023·咸陽(yáng)高考模擬檢測(cè)二)Knowmoreaboutyourbody’sneedswillhelpyouestimatehowmuchwatertodrinkeachday.辨清非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞當(dāng)簡(jiǎn)單句中已經(jīng)有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，另一動(dòng)詞不作并列謂語(yǔ)，該動(dòng)詞只能用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；看在句中是否作并列謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，若作并列謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，則考慮時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。動(dòng)詞ed與動(dòng)詞ing形式的誤用4.(全國(guó)Ⅲ卷)Mymomisreallyconcerningwiththehealthofeveryoneinourfamily.5.(全國(guó)Ⅰ卷)Ibecameinterestinginplayingfootballthankstoasmallaccident.6.(2023·安康高三二模)Shethenspentsevenyearsstudiedadvancedacupuncturetechniquesandhasbeenpracticingforabout18years.搞清動(dòng)詞ing形式與動(dòng)詞ed形式的區(qū)別1.動(dòng)詞ing形式表示主動(dòng)、進(jìn)行；動(dòng)詞ed形式表示被動(dòng)、完成；2.動(dòng)詞ing形式轉(zhuǎn)化的形容詞表示“令人……的”，常修飾物；而動(dòng)詞ed形式轉(zhuǎn)化的形容詞表示“感到……的”，常修飾人。不定式符號(hào)to的誤用7.(全國(guó)Ⅲ卷)Iwantmycafehaveaspecialthemesuchas“TangDynasty”.8.(2023·九江高三二模)Ifyouletangrywordsfly,youaremorelikelydomoreharmthangood.9.(2023·江西省重點(diǎn)中學(xué)聯(lián)考)PleaseletmetoknowwhenyouwillbefreeandIwillbuytheticketsinadvance.理清to的兩種命題方式1.多余：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中感官動(dòng)詞和使役動(dòng)詞(get除外)后跟不帶to的不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。2.缺失：有些動(dòng)詞，如want,decide,plan等后跟帶to的不定式作賓語(yǔ)。介詞后動(dòng)詞形式的誤用10.(2022·全國(guó)甲卷)Iwasunwillingtotalkwithhimandoftendisobeyedhisruleofnotstayoutwithmyfriendstoolate.11.(2023·河南六市聯(lián)合調(diào)研)AtschoolIspendtimeinthereadingclubexchangeideaswithotherstudents.掌握介詞標(biāo)志1.介詞后一般需要跟名詞、代詞或動(dòng)詞ing形式。2.注意介詞的省略：spend時(shí)間(in)doingsth,bebusy(in)doingsth,havedifficulty/trouble(in)doingsth【隨堂演練】1.(2023·全國(guó)乙卷)Shewentrightintotheshowertowashingit,butitwasnouse.2.(全國(guó)Ⅲ卷)IfIsucceedinmanageone,Iwillopenmore.3.(全國(guó)Ⅲ卷)Everyonewassilent,waittoseewhowouldbecalledupontoreadhisorherparagraphaloud.4.(2023·鄭州高三第二次質(zhì)量預(yù)測(cè))Onthewayup,Iwasbusytookphotossincethescenerywasbeautifulandattractive.5.(2023·河南平許濟(jì)洛四市高三二模)Oneweekend,Icarriedoutmyhouseworkplanrangefromtidyinguproomstocookingmeals.6.(2023·九江高三二模)Dorememberthattrydrugsisverydangerous.7.(2023·合肥八中高考最后一卷)Theopeningceremonybeganwiththenationalanthem(國(guó)歌)andthenaninspiredspeechwasgivenbytheheadmaster.8.(2023·西安二模)Wheninterviewing,Alan,aforeignteacher,said,“ThisisthemostexcitingsportsmeetingIhaveeverseen！”9.(2023·新鄉(xiāng)第三次模擬)Lastbutnotleast,it’ssuchavaluablechancetogetclosecontactwithoutstandingathletesthatIcouldn’tbemoreexciting.10.(2023·長(zhǎng)春第四次調(diào)研)Itisrewardingtakeyourtimetoprepareforthepetition.【考點(diǎn)2】從句引導(dǎo)詞使用錯(cuò)誤考向典題試做技法點(diǎn)撥定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系詞誤用1.(2023·全國(guó)甲卷)Sheevenplayedsomerecordingsoftheirsinging,whatwasfun.2.(全國(guó)Ⅲ卷)Understandinghergoodintentions，IeatallthefoodwhatisprovidedbyMomwithappreciation.3.(全國(guó)Ⅰ卷)OneafternoonwhereIwasinprimaryschool，Iwaswalkingbytheschoolplayground.4.(全國(guó)Ⅰ卷)Theyalsohadasmallpondwhichtheyraisefish.5.(2023·咸陽(yáng)高考模擬檢測(cè)二)Ifyoudrinkmorethanthat,you’llkeeptheextrawaterinyourbody,thatcanbepoisonoustoyourhealth.6.(2023·河南平許濟(jì)洛四市高三二模)Iseldomhelpedwiththehouseworkin2020,whichIwasinSeniorOne.1.區(qū)分that和which注意定語(yǔ)從句不能用what作引導(dǎo)詞，先行詞是物且作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)時(shí)用that或者which。2.明辨關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)詞用關(guān)系代詞還是關(guān)系副詞關(guān)鍵是看先行詞在從句中所作的成分。若引導(dǎo)詞作狀語(yǔ)，則使用關(guān)系副詞(when代指時(shí)間，where代指地點(diǎn)，why代指原因)；若引導(dǎo)詞作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等成分，則使用關(guān)系代詞。3.理清that/which和whosethat/which在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等成分，而whose在從句中作定語(yǔ)，表示“……的”。名詞性從句連接詞誤用7.(全國(guó)Ⅰ卷)MyuncleistheownerofarestaurantclosetothatIlive.8.(全國(guó)Ⅱ卷)Heturnedaroundandfoundwherehisparentsweremissing.9.(2023·九江高三二模)Secondly,writedownwhatyouarefeelingandthathowyouwanttorespond,whichhelpsyoureassesstheevent.10.(2023·焦作高三二模)Itisimportantwhatweneedtoprotecttheenvironment.11.(2023·安徽“五校聯(lián)盟”聯(lián)考)IconsidermyselfapetentcooksoIusuallydon’tconsultarecipebook.IjustrememberwhichIdidlasttime.名詞性從句連接詞：不作任何成分，只起引導(dǎo)作用，后跟完整的陳述句賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)可省略。表是否，后跟完整的陳述句。3.連接代詞：what/which/who/whose在句中做成分。4.連接副詞：when/where/how/why后跟完整的句子。狀語(yǔ)從句連詞誤用12.(2022·全國(guó)乙卷)Whetheryourideabicycle,youdon’tusepetrol.13.(全國(guó)Ⅰ卷)Iwaitedpatientlyunlesstheoilwashot.14.(全國(guó)Ⅱ卷)ThenIcansparesometimetolearnitagain，suchthatwecanpracticetogethereveryday.15.(全國(guó)Ⅰ卷)Thoughnotverybig,buttherestaurantispopularinourarea.1.狀語(yǔ)從句主要連詞：when/while/assoonas/since/before/after,where,if/unless,though/although等。2.狀語(yǔ)從句常考連詞so...that.../such...that...(如此……以至……，引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句),sothat(以便，引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句)的誤用。不能和but連用，但可以和yet連用；because/since不能和so連用等?！倦S堂演練】1.(2023·全國(guó)乙卷)Thecolorshechosecameinaboxwhichhadapictureofawomanthathaircolorlookedjustperfect.2.(2022·全國(guó)乙卷)Theyoftenrunathighspeeds,whatmayputourlivesindanger.

3.(全國(guó)Ⅱ卷)Thankyouforyourletter，whatreallymademehappy.4.(2023·鄭州高三第二次質(zhì)量預(yù)測(cè))Itwasaboutnoonwhilewearrivedatthefootofthemountain.5.(2023·鷹潭高三二模)Ithinkweshouldbecarefultomakefriendandstayawayfromthosealwaysbehavebadly.6.(2023·安陽(yáng)三模)Thatyoushoulddoismakefullpreparationsforit.7.(2023·江西重點(diǎn)高中聯(lián)考)First,Iwantedtobeafireman,whichuniformlookedsocool.8.(2023·鄭州三模)IhaveknownfromyourletterthatyouwilltaketheChineseProficiencyTest，wheremakesyouverynervous.三、行文邏輯類錯(cuò)誤在高考短文改錯(cuò)中，有時(shí)考生會(huì)碰到詞法方面和句法方面均沒(méi)有錯(cuò)誤的句子，此時(shí)就應(yīng)從行文邏輯上來(lái)判斷句子的合理性。行文邏輯錯(cuò)誤常見(jiàn)的有并列連詞使用錯(cuò)誤和代詞使用錯(cuò)誤。這類錯(cuò)誤考題基本上都會(huì)有所涉及，卻不容易被發(fā)現(xiàn)，所以考生必須通過(guò)閱讀全文來(lái)綜合考慮。【考點(diǎn)1】并列連詞使用錯(cuò)誤考向典題試做技法點(diǎn)撥并列連詞誤用1.(2023·全國(guó)甲卷)MissZhaotoldusthenamesoftheinsectsordescribedtheirlivinghabits.2.(全國(guó)Ⅱ卷)Actually,IstartedtolearnkungfuwhenIwassevenyearsold，forIhavelongbeenoutofpractice.3.(全國(guó)Ⅰ卷)FirstIcutthetomatoesintopiecesbutputthemaside.4.(2023·寶雞高考模擬)Oneday,itrainedheavilyafterschool，soIdidn’ttaketheumbrella.1.?？嫉牟⒘羞B詞有：(1)and,both...and...，notonly...but(also)...,neither...nor...等表示順承或遞進(jìn)關(guān)系；(2)but,yet,while等表示對(duì)比或轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系；or,either...or...,not...but...等表示選擇關(guān)系；(3)for,so等表示因果關(guān)系。2.?？紀(jì)r與and的誤用；and與but的誤用；so與but的誤用等。并列連詞多用5.(2023·焦作高三二模)Bydoingso,andwewillmaketheworldbetter.并列連詞必須連接兩個(gè)并列句，否則不能用并列連詞。【隨堂演練】1.(2023·全國(guó)乙卷)Sheputthenewcoloronherhairorsatstillfor30minutes,justasthedirectionssaying.2.(2022·全國(guó)甲卷)Oneday,hetalkedwithmeorhopedtomendourrelations.3.(全國(guó)Ⅲ卷)Inordertomakesureallofusareingoodhealth，andshemakesspecificplansforus.4.(全國(guó)Ⅱ卷)WhenIstudiedchemistryathighschool，Ireconsideredmygoalordecidedtobeadoctor.5.(全國(guó)Ⅲ卷)Ihavegrownnotonlyphysically,andalsomentallyinthepastfewyears.6.(2023·安康高三二模)AcupuncturehasbeenwidelyacceptedinnonChinesepopulationbutispopularinCalifornia.7.(2023·鄭州高三第二次質(zhì)量預(yù)測(cè))Thefoodwasexpensiveandtheservicewasgood.【考點(diǎn)2】代詞使用錯(cuò)誤考向典題試做技法點(diǎn)撥代詞誤用1.(2023·全國(guó)甲卷)Inthatclass,MissZhao,ourbiologyteacher,showedweinsectsonstamps.2.(2021·全國(guó)乙卷，...That’sourviewonhousework.關(guān)注代詞誤用常考類型1.指代對(duì)象不一致；2.代指單復(fù)數(shù)不一致；3.代詞的格與文章的邏輯意義不一致；4.人稱代詞與反身代詞混淆；5.形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞混淆。不定代詞誤用3.(全國(guó)Ⅱ卷)MrandMrsZhangallworkinourschool.4.(2023·銀川質(zhì)量檢測(cè))What’smore,I’llbeabletotellstudentsfromanothercountriesaboutChinaandlearnabouttheircountriesaswell.5.(2023·西安中學(xué)第五次模擬)Pressureisaseriousproblemintoday’sworld.Studentsinourclassareundertoomanypressure.6.(2023·高考?jí)狠S卷)Everytimewegetonaplane,we’reaskedtoneitherturnoffourphonesorchangeittoflightmode—it’sfor“securityreasons”.7.(2023·焦作三模)Iclearlyrememberedthatmymotherhadtaughtmenottocauseanytroubletootheratanytime.8.(2023·開(kāi)封高三三模)Shehadneverusedamobilephoneuntilshereceiveditforherbirthdaythisyear.牢記不定代詞的用法和any的用法some一般用于肯定句中，意思是“幾個(gè)”“一些”“某個(gè)”；any常用于否定句中，用于肯定句時(shí)，意思是“任何的”。和much的用法many與可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)連用；much與不可數(shù)名詞連用。和neither的用法either意為“兩者之中任何一個(gè)都可以”；neither是either的否定形式，意為“兩者之中任何一個(gè)都不”。，others與another的用法other意為“其他的”，others意為“其他的人或者物”，another意為“(三者以上)另一個(gè)”?！倦S堂演練】1.(2023·全國(guó)乙卷)LastFridaymymomdecidedtocolorhishair.2.(2023·宜春高三一模)Theactivity,consistingoftwoparts,beganwithatalentshowwhereparticipantsdemonstratedourpracticalskills.3.(20