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重難點(diǎn)13閱讀理解A篇之議論文(學(xué)生版)
(建議用時:30分鐘)
命題趨勢
中考閱讀理解題主要考查學(xué)生的語篇閱讀能力、分析和判斷能力。要求學(xué)生能較快地通
過閱讀理解短文大意,獲取其中的主要信息,能做出正確判斷,然后根據(jù)試題的要求從A,B,
C,D四個選項(xiàng)中選出最佳答案或做出正誤判斷。文章的難易程度和初三課文基本相同,要求
閱讀速度為每分鐘40-50個詞。主要涉及到記敘文,說明文,應(yīng)用文等。
滿分技巧
四種題型:
1?細(xì)節(jié)理解題
☆考察方面:學(xué)生對相關(guān)信息的識別能力,答案一般可在原文定位到
☆答題事項(xiàng):應(yīng)迅速找到并且定位到考點(diǎn),不可望文生義和主觀臆斷
☆干擾選項(xiàng):一般與文中觀點(diǎn)相反,不符,未涉及,特征是無中生有,張冠李戴,以偏
概全,擴(kuò)大內(nèi)容
解題技巧:
通讀短文,領(lǐng)會文章大意,理解文章結(jié)構(gòu)層次及細(xì)節(jié),特別注意:
1.五個W(who,which,when,where,what)和一個H(how);
2.數(shù)字、日期、時間等;
3.注意加強(qiáng)語氣的詞,運(yùn)用排除法排除不符合原文細(xì)節(jié)的選項(xiàng),剩下的就是最佳答案。
2.詞句猜測題
此題要求考生正確理解短文中的一些關(guān)鍵詞語或句子的含義,常用的方法是多種表達(dá)
法、一詞多義法、同義近義或反義提示法、習(xí)語釋文法及句型轉(zhuǎn)換法等。
解題技巧:
1.正確理解題意,從短文中找到相關(guān)的詞、短語或句子,根據(jù)特定的語境來判斷理解,
推敲斟酌和最后確定其準(zhǔn)確含義。
2.根據(jù)上下文猜測詞義的技巧:
(1)注意定義和解釋;
(2)同義詞或近義詞的提示;
(3)近義詞和反義詞的提示;
(4)利用懸念的屬種關(guān)系;
(5)借助已有知識或生活常識。
3.推理判斷題(不要自行推理+過度推理)
☆考察方面:透過文章的信息進(jìn)入深刻的分析,歸納和推斷得解
☆答題事項(xiàng):應(yīng)迅速找到并且定位到考點(diǎn),不可望文生義和主觀臆斷
解題技巧:
1.分析文章的主旨。
2.分清文章的主要思想及次要思想。
3.尋找文章的邏輯思路。
4.核對問題中各項(xiàng)選擇與文章中有關(guān)詞句的聯(lián)系。
4.主旨大意題(BeSttitle)
☆考察方面:學(xué)生對文章主旨的駕馭能力,答案一般需要合理的歸納和總結(jié)得到
☆答題事項(xiàng):通過略讀來快速把握文章的中心,閱讀時視域要寬,緊抓對主題句搜索,
按意群進(jìn)行閱讀,避免閱讀中的出聲,指讀,復(fù)視或停頓。
限時檢測
一、閱讀單選
Inmyopinion,thewheelisthemostimportantthingthathumanbeingshaveeverinvented.Itmightseem
strangetosaythatsomethingsosimple-lookingandsoordinary(普通的)couldbesoimportant.Butifyou
considerthefollowingpoints,youwillprobablyagreewithme.
Firstly,wheelsinfluencealmosteverypartofourlives.Wheelsareused,forexample,inclocks,engines(發(fā)
動機(jī))andtrucks.Ifyouvisitjustonefactory,youwillseehowimportantwheelsare.Youwillseewheelson
almosteverymachine.
Secondly,wheelsplayagreatpartinfoodproduction.Wheelsareusedtogrind(磨碎)differentkindsofcorn
intoflour(面粉).Theyarethenusedtomixflourandotherfoodsintobread.Wealsoneedwheelstotransportthe
wheat.IfWedidnothavethewheel,Wewouldhavemuchdifficultyinfoodproduction.
Thirdly,ourworldwouldbecompletelydifferentifwedidnothavethewheelfortransport.Beforethewheel
wasinvented,peopleusedtohavetotravelonfootorbyridingonananimal.Thatiswhatwewouldbedoing
nowifwedidnothavethewheel.Eveiythingwouldtakelongertodo.
WewouldbebacktotheStoneAgeifsomeofourcleverancestors(祖先)hadnotinventedthewheel.Our
modemworldwouldsimplybeimpossible.Thewheelissurelythemostimportantinventionofalltime.
1.Howdoesthewriterstartthepassage?
A.Bytellingastory.B.Bymakingareport.C.Bygivinganopinion.D.Byofferingasuggestion.
2.Whichofthefollowingisthemostimportantinafactory?
A.Theclock.B.Thetruck.C.Theengine.D.Thewheel.
3.HowmanyusesofwheelsarementionedinParagraph3?
A.Two.B.Three.C.Four.D.Five.
4.Accordingtothepassage,whatwaslifelikebeforewheelswereinvented?
A.Safe.B.Busy.C.Slow.D.Dangerous.
5.Whichofthefollowingbestshowthestructureofthepassage?
(Pl=Paragraph1P2=Paragraph2P3=Paragraph3P4=Paragraph4P5=Paragraph5)
[w)→
[M)√
D.
SchoolsinsouthernChinaareusing“smartunifbrms^^withchips(芯片)toknowexactlywherestudentsare.
Doyousupportit?
KongYuming,16:
Iamforthe“smartuniforms”,becausetheycanhelptocreateasafecampus(校園).Asweknow,what
parentscareaboutmostisthesafetyoftheirchildren.Wearingtheuniformswithchips,studentscanbelocated
(定位)byparentsatanytime.Itcanavoidstudentsfromgoingtoplaceswheretheyshouldn,tbe.
CongZhaohan915:
Whynothaveschooluniformswithchips?Theuniformcanfindstudentsandcheckwhattheyaredoing.It
canencouragestudentstocreatemorehigh-techproducts.WiththehelpoftheGPS,theycanhelptoprevent
crimesagainststudents.
ZhangXianghao918:
Idon,tagreewiththeidea.First,althoughsuchauniformcanhelpparentsknowwheretheirchildrenare,not
everyonelikesbeingwatched,especiallyteenagers.Theyaresensitive(敏感的)abouttheirprivatethings.Itcan
makethemfeeluneasy.Besides,itseemsthatsuchahigh-techproductwillcostalot,morethanpoorfamiliescan
afford.
ZhuYuanlong,17:
Iamagainstthisidea.Itislikelytoleak(泄露)personalinformation.Withthecomingofbigdata(數(shù)據(jù)),
informationhasbroughtconveniencetoourlives.Meanwhile,theproblemofpersonalinformationleakagehas
becomeserious.Themoreusersthereare,themoredangerousitwillbe.
6.Whatdoesthewriterwanttodowiththispassage?
A.Hewantstostartadiscussiononsmartuniforms.
B.Heintroducesanewproductcalledsmartuniforms.
C.Heisworriedaboutcampussafety.
D.Heistryingtointroducesomethingnew.
7.WhyisKongYumingforthesmartuniforms?
A.Theycansolvetheproblemsofschoolsafety.B.Theyaregoodforbothparentsandschools.
C.Hisparentswanttoknowwhereheisatanytime.D.Somestudentsbreakschoolrules.
8.What,sCongZhaohan,sopinion?
A.Hedoesn,tagreetowearsmartuniforms.
B.Hesupportstheideaofwearingsmartuniforms.
C.Hewantstodosomethingtopreventcrimesagainststudents.
D.Theuniformcanhelpstudentsbecomecleverer.
9.WhatisZhangXianghao,sworry?
A.Noteenagersliketobewatched.
B.Heismoresensitiveabouthisprivacy.
C.Poorfamiliesmaynotbeabletoaffordtheuniforms.
D.Parentshavetospendmoretimewatchingtheirchildren.
?θ.WhatdoesZhuYuanlongtellus?
A.Howpersonalinformationleaks.B.Whatconveniencebigdatacanbringus.
C.Howserioustheinformationleakageis.D.Whyheisagainstthesmartuniforms.
Choosethebestanswer(根據(jù)以下內(nèi)容,選擇最恰當(dāng)?shù)拇鸢福?/p>
ShouldWe-chatshutdownthefeatures"likes”?
Forthepastfewyears,We-chathasgotusinterestedinthefeature“l(fā)ikes”.It'sthewaywehavedecidedhow
manypeoplethinkOurjourneysarefunandrecognizeournewitemsarecool.Whathappenswhenitisgone?
Researchersaredoingasurveytofigureoutwhetherthefeature“l(fā)ikes“shouldbeshutdown.
Itisreallyconvenientforustokeepintouchwitheachotherandshareourhappinessonacommonplatform
(平臺).Ourfaithfulfriendshipseemstobecomestronger,afterWeinteract(互動)ontheplatformwith
likes.―Jennifer
“Likes“shouldbethere,becauseitispowerfulandgetsimmediatefeedback.Youimmediatelyfeelgood
aboutwhatyouwearandhowyoulook.
—Anne
??,,
Ifthereisnolikes9teenagerswillmissit.InaWay,“l(fā)ikes“givesyouthesamekindoffeelingasachild
getsanice-cream.Myyoungersistersarealwayscomplainingaboutittome44Whynotgive?likes,tomy
PhotOs?”
—Mik
Peoplearemoreconcernedabouthowmanylikestheyget.44Isnowagoodtimetopost?ShouldIremovemy
picturethatonlygot20"likes”?Postingaphotocanbeagreatstressforpeoplewhocareabout“l(fā)ikes”.一Tom
IthinkWe-chatshouldhidethelikes,becausefollowersmayfeelmorepressuretopickupthe"likes”.We
shouldnotfocusonhowmany??likes^^thephotosgetbutonthephotosthemselves.
-Brook
Inmyopinion,We-chatshouldconsidermakingthesocialnetworklessstressfultouse.Usersare
sometimesforcedtojointhearmyof4iikes,?Asforme,hiding“l(fā)ikes“willimproveourexperiences.
-Jack
IfWe-chatmovestohide“l(fā)ikes”,itcanencourageuserstopostmoremessagesandphotoswithoutbeing
worriedabouthowmany?iikes,,theywillget."Likes“isapartofit,butIdon'tthinkhiding“l(fā)ikes“isthekey
toCUringtheCUItUrearoundWe-chat.
―Cathy
11.Wecanpossiblyfindthispassagefroma/an.A.sciencefictionB.bookreview
C.newspaperD.advertisement
12.Jenniferthinkshergoodfriendswillaftertheyinteractontheplatformwith"likes”.
A.becomeevenworseB.becomeevencloser
C.becomeevencoolerD.becomeevenmoregentle
13.Theunderlineword“feedback"inthethirdparagraphmeans.
A.repliesB.materialsC.feelingD.knowledge
14.WhichstatementisTRUEaccordingtoNhke?
A.Teenagerswon,tmissthe“l(fā)ikes”,ifitisshutdown.
B.Heisforcedtojointhearmyof“l(fā)ikes“sohefeelsstressful.
C.Heworriesabouthowmany“l(fā)ikes”hegets,afterpostingaphoto.
D.”Likes“bringshimgreatsatisfactionasachildgetsanice-cream.
15.Brookagreestohidethelikesbecause.
A.sheiscompletelycontrolledbythe“l(fā)ikes”.
B.shethinkshiding“l(fā)ikes”willimproveherexperiences.
C.shethinkstheusersshouldfocusonthephotosthemselves.
D.shethinkshiding"likes“canencourageuserstopostmorephotos.
16.Whatdoesthesentence:"butIdon'tthinkhiding“l(fā)ikes"isthekeytoCUringtheCUItUrearoundWe?chat''in
thelastparagraphimply(隱含)?
A.ShepointsoutthebiggerproblemsofWe-chatbesidesthefeature“l(fā)ikes”.
B.ShetalksaboutmanyproblemsofWe-chatandhopestohide“l(fā)ikes“rightnow.
C.Shepushesthediscussionmuchfurtherandhopestosolvemoreseriousproblems.
D.ShepointsoutthewaytoencourageuserstopostphotosandmessagesonWe-chat.
Inone,slife,onespendsthemosttimebeingwithoneself.However,onehastheleastunderstandingof
oneself.Whenyouaresuccessful,youmaybeveryproud.Butwhenyoufail,youmayloseheart.Ifyoudon,tget
abetterunderstandingofyourself,youmaymissmanychancesinlifeandeasilygetintotrouble.
Togetabetterunderstandingofyourselfistoknowaboutyourselfwell.Youshouldrealizeyourstrong
pointsandweakones.Youmayhopeforawonderfulfuture,butbesurenottoexpecttoomuchbecausenotall
dreamscancometrue.Youmaybeconfidentenoughtomeetchallenges,butfirstyoushouldknowwhattodo.
GettingabetterunderstandingofyourselfneedsSeIf-appreciation.Maybeyouthinkyouareatalltreeorjust
smallgrass,butyoucanalwayshaveyourownwayofbeingthere.Assoonasyougetfullconfidenceinyourself,
youaresuretofaceanytrouble.
Togetabetterunderstandingofyourselfalsomeanstakingcareofyourself.Whenyouareangry,findaquiet
placesothatyoucancontrolyourowntemperandnothurtyourself.Whenyouaresad,tellyourfriendsaboutit
tochangethemood(情緒)intoagoodone.Whenyouaretired,getagoodsleeptillyougetrelaxed.Ifyou
don,tknowwhenandhowyoushouldlookafteryourself,youwon,tbeabletostayawayfromillnesses.
Noonecantellwhatwillhappeninthefuture.Getabetterunderstandingofyourself,andyou,llgetafull
controlOfyourselfandfindyourlifefullofcolors.
17.Togetabetterunderstandingofyourself,youshould.
A.hopeforawonderfulfutureB.knowwhatyoucandoandwhatyoucan,tdo
C.spendmoretimebeingwithothersD.catcheverychanceinyourlife
18.Whatmighttheunderlinedword“self-appreciation”meaninChinese?
A.自我批評B.自我欣賞C.自我發(fā)現(xiàn)D.自我鼓勵
19.WhydoWehavetohaveabetterunderstandingofourselves?
A.Becausefewpeoplecanreallyunderstandus.
B.Becausenooneknowswhathe/sheisreallylike.
C.BecauseabetterunderstandingcanhelpUSinsomeways.
D.BecauseWewanttobeproudofourselves.
20.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?
A.Thewriterhasdescribedthreewaystounderstandourselvesbetter.
B.Youcanfaceanydifficultyifyouhaveconfidenceinyourself.
C.Whenyou,resadorgetupset,trytochangeyourmoodtomakeitbetter.
D.Whenyouhaveabetterunderstandingofyourself,allyourdreamscancometrue.
21.Whatdoesthepassagemainlywanttotellus?
A.Getabetterunderstandingofyourselftoliveabetterlife.
B.Ifyoucanlookafteryourself,you,llstayawayfromillnesses.
C.Inlife,moreandmorepeoplewanttounderstandthemselves.
D.Manypeopleneverhaveabetterunderstandingofthemselves.
Areyoucaπyingtoomuchonyourbacktoschool?You,renotalone.Backexperts(專家)intheUnited
Statesareworriedthatyoungstudentsarehavingbackandneckproblemsasaresultofcarryingtoomuchintheir
schoolbags.
“IthurtsmybackwhenIrun,^^saidOberlinReyes,astudentinVirginia.??It,shardtogoupthestairswithmy
schoolbag,becauseit,stooheavy.”
Oberlinisamongstudentswhoseschoolbagswereweighedforaweekinarecentstudy.
Theyhadregularschoolbagswithtwostraps(帶子)tocarrythem,butanumberofstudentswithheavyloads
h
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