北京市順義區(qū)2022-2023學年高三上學期一月期末英語試題 (解析版)

高級中學名校試卷PAGEPAGE1北京市順義區(qū)2022-2023學年高三上學期一月期末英語試題第一部分知識運用(共兩節(jié)，30分)第一節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，共15分)閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。InDecember2004,Ihadjustbecomeaprofessionalphotographerandwasworkingonaprojectaboutcommunitieswholiveonthesea.Onemorning,Iwentoutto___1___withsixfishermeninasmallboat.Itwasabout8am,andthesealookeddifferent.Thewaterwastotallystill.20minuteslater,onefishermanpointedtoasmallwhite___2___farinthedistance.Itwasgettingbiggerandbiggerveryquickly.Atsunami(海嘯)wavewas___3___throughtheocean!Wewerestuck.Ibegantofeelreally___4___.Thenthecaptaintookcontrol.Hetolduswheretosit,sowewould___5___theboat.Mycamerawasinmybackpack.Iwantedtopicturethescene,butIcouldn’t.Anymovementwouldimbalancetheboat.Suddenlytherewasahugenoise.Thewave___6___theboat,buttheincredibly___7___captainmanagedtoswerve(使突然轉向)usupandontothewave.Wesurfeditforafewseconds.Thentheboatglided(滑行)fromthetipofthewavedownintosafewaters.Everyoneletoutheavysighs.Thecaptainhad___8___usall.Survivinggavemeadeepunderstandingofhow___9___lifecanbe.ThepictureIwantedtotakeontheboatremains“theonethatgotaway”-Ithinkeveryphotographerhasone.Butmine____10____mylife.1.A.sea B.breakfast C.exercise D.beaches2.A.ship B.bird C.star D.spot3.A.squeezing B.swinging C.speeding D.breaking4.A.puzzled B.scared C.disappointed D.interested5.A.abandon B.repair C.board D.balance6.A.hit B.destroyed C.missed D.overturned7.A.skilled B.proud C.hopeless D.violent8.A.left B.saved C.corrected D.cheated9.A.fair B.happy C.short D.positive10.A.took B.showed C.entered D.changed【語篇解讀】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。文章講述的是作者的一次海上航行，偶遇暴風雨，讓作者感受到生命的短暫，由此改變了對生活的態(tài)度?！即鸢浮?.A2.D3.C4.B5.D6.A7.A8.B9.C10.D1．〖解析〗考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：一天早上，我和六個漁夫一起坐一條小船出海。A.sea大海；B.breakfast早餐；C.exercise鍛煉；D.beaches海灘。根據前文“Ihadjustbecomeaprofessionalphotographerandwasworkingonaprojectaboutcommunitieswholiveonthesea.”可知，作者剛成為一名專業(yè)攝影師的時候，正在拍攝一個關于生活在海上的社區(qū)的項目，故此處表示和六個漁夫坐船出海。故選A。2．〖解析〗考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：20分鐘后，一名漁民指著遠處的一個小白點。A.ship船只；B.bird鳥；C.star星星；D.spot點。根據后文“Itwasgettingbiggerandbiggerveryquickly.”可知，一名漁民指著遠處的一個小白點，它很快變得越來越大。故選D。3．〖解析〗考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：一場海嘯正在海洋中快速移動！A.squeezing擠；B.swinging搖晃；C.speeding快速移動；D.breaking打破。根據后文“Wewerestuck.”可知，海浪的速度飛快，在海洋中疾馳。故選C。4．〖解析〗考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我開始感到非常害怕。A.puzzled困惑的；B.scared害怕的；C.disappointed失望的；D.interested感興趣的。根據前文“Wewerestuck.”可知，作者一行遭遇了海嘯，被困住了，根據常識可推斷作者感到非常害怕。故選B。5．〖解析〗考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他告訴我們坐在哪里，這樣我們就能使船保持平衡。A.abandon拋棄；B.repair修理；C.board登陸；D.balance平衡。根據前文“wheretosit”可知，此處表示船長告訴作者和其他人坐在原地，這樣保持船的平衡。故選D。6．〖解析〗考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：波浪擊中了小船，但熟練的船長設法使我們轉向，使我們上了浪頭。A.hit擊中；B.destroyed破壞；C.missed錯過；D.overturned推翻。根據后文“buttheincredibly___7___captainmanagedtoswerve(使突然轉向)usupandontothewave.”可知，船長讓船轉向行駛到海浪之上，因此可知海浪擊中了小船。故選A。7．〖解析〗考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：同上。A.skilled熟練的；B.proud驕傲的；C.hopeless絕望的；D.violent暴力的。根據后文的“managedtoswerve(使突然轉向)usupandontothewave.”可知，船長熟練地將船只轉變方向，沖到了海浪上。故選A。8．〖解析〗考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：船長救了我們所有人。A.left離開；B.saved拯救；C.corrected糾正；D.cheated欺騙。根據前文“Everyoneletoutheavysighs.”可知，每個人都長舒了一口氣，可推斷船長拯救了我們。故選B。9．〖解析〗考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：生存讓我深刻地認識到生命是多么短暫。A.fair公平的；B.happy高興的；C.short短的；D.positive積極的。根據前文的“Surviving”可知，作者在生死關頭認識到生命是多么的短暫。故選C。10．〖解析〗考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：但我的照片改變了我的生活。A.took帶走；B.showed展示；C.entered進入；D.changed改變。根據前文“Survivinggavemeadeepunderstandingofhow___9___lifecanbe.”可知，作者在生死關頭拍下的照片讓作者意識到生命是多么的短暫，由此改變了作者對生活的認識。故選D。第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，共15分)A閱讀下面短文，根據短文內容填空。在未給〖提示〗詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當的單詞，在給出〖提示〗詞的空白處用括號內所給詞的正確形式填空。OnMay17,ayounggirl____11____(take)apackofsnackstoaself-servicecounteratanewconceptconveniencestore.Theconceptstoreispartofthe“knowyourfood”campaignoftheUNICEF,____12____aimstoempowerpeopletomakehealthyandinformedchoicesabouttheirdiet.Afterscanningheritem,thegirlrealizedshewouldhavetoclimb70floors____13____(burn)offthecalories.Thoughunwillingly,shegaveupthesnacks.【語篇解讀】本文是記敘文。講述了一個女孩聯合國兒童基金會“了解你的食物”運動的一家商店購物的經歷?！即鸢浮?1.took##wastaking12.which13.toburn11．〖解析〗考查動詞時態(tài)語態(tài)。句意：5月17日，一個小女孩拿著一包零食來到一家新概念便利店的自助服務臺。分析句子可知，take是謂語動詞，由時間狀語OnMay17可知，描述過去發(fā)生的事情用一般過去時，也可以表示過去正在進行的動作用過去進行時，主語是單數，謂語動詞用單數，故填took/wastaking。12．〖解析〗考查定語從句。句意：這家概念店是聯合國兒童基金會“了解你的食物”運動的一部分，該運動旨在使人們能夠對自己的飲食做出健康和知情的選擇。分析句子可知，空處引導非限制性定語從句，修飾campaign，從句中作主語，指物，用關系代詞which，故填which。13．〖解析〗考查非謂語動詞。句意：掃描完她的商品后，女孩意識到她必須爬70層樓才能燃燒掉卡路里。盡管不情愿，她還是放棄了零食。分析句子可知，此處為目的狀語，用不定式形式，故填toburn。B閱讀下面短文，根據短文內容填空。在未給〖提示〗詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當的單詞，在給出〖提示〗詞的空白處用括號內所給詞的正確形式填空。Researchshowsthatindividualswhositallday,eveniftheygotothegymforanhour,areat____14____(great)diseaseriskthanthosewhoaremoreactiveduringtheday.Informalactivitysuchas____15____(walk)isbeneficialtooverallhealth.Whilethereisno____16____(publish)recommendationfor“safe”sittingtimeyet,agoodruleofthumbistomoveforatleast1to2minuteseachhourofsitting.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹的是久坐不利于健康，好的方法是每坐一小時至少運動1到2分鐘?！即鸢浮?4.greater15.walking16.published14．〖解析〗考查形容詞。句意：研究表明，那些整天坐著的人，即使他們去健身房鍛煉一個小時，也比那些白天更活躍的人有更高的疾病風險。分析句子，設空處使用形容詞作定語，句中than為比較級的標志，故使用great的比較級greater。故填greater。15．〖解析〗考查非謂語動詞。句意：散步等非正式的活動對整體健康有益。分析句子，設空處使用walk的動名詞walking作suchas的賓語。故填walking。16．〖解析〗考查非謂語動詞。句意：雖然目前還沒有發(fā)表過關于“安全”坐著時間的建議，但一個好的經驗法則是每坐一小時至少運動1到2分鐘。分析句子，設空處使用過去分詞作定語修飾recommendation，此處publish意為“發(fā)表”，其過去分詞為published，其與recommendation之間是被動關系，故用過去分詞。故填published。C閱讀下面短文，根據短文內容填空。在未給〖提示〗詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當的單詞，在給出〖提示〗詞的空白處用括號內所給詞的正確形式填空。Usually,stressisseenasbeingbad,butthisisnotalwaystrue.Eustress(積極壓力)isthepositivetermforstress.It____17____(relate)towell-beingandpositiveattitudes.Eustressoccurswhenthegapbetweenwhatonehasandwhatonewantsis____18____(slight)pushed.Eustresscreatesabetterenvironmentforpeople,which____19____(make)themperformbetterandcostless.Therefore,Eustressisnecessary____20____achievement.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹的是積極壓力的重要性?！即鸢浮?7.isrelated18.slightly19.makes20.for17．〖解析〗考查動詞。句意：它與幸福和積極的態(tài)度有關。分析句子，設空處使用動詞作謂語，句子表述客觀事實，故使用一般現在時。句中berelatedto為固定短語，意為“與……有關”。故填isrelated。18．〖解析〗考查副詞。句意：當一個人所擁有的和想要的之間的差距被略微拉大時，就會出現“良性壓力”。分析句子，設空處使用slight的副詞slightly作狀語，意為“稍微地”。故填slightly。19．〖解析〗考查動詞。句意：良性壓力為人們創(chuàng)造了一個更好的環(huán)境，使他們表現得更好，成本更低。分析句子，設空處使用動詞作which引導定語從句的謂語動詞，句子表述客觀事實，故使用一般現在時。which指代前文的environment，為單數。故填makes。20．〖解析〗考查介詞。句意：因此，積極壓力對于取得成就是必要的。句中benecessaryfor為固定短語，意為“對……是有必要的”。故填for。第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，38分)第一節(jié)(共14小題;每小題2分，共28分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。AAreyouarecentgraduate?Doyouhavepassionforhelpingothers?Areyoulookingforasolidworkexperienceinamulticulturalenvironment?Ifso,youmaybeinterestedintheWorldBank’sJuniorProfessionalAssociate(JPA)program.TheJPAprogramisauniqueopportunitytogainentry-levelprofessionalexperienceandfirst-handexposuretothechallenges-andrewards-ofinternationaldevelopment.InyourJPAassignment,you’llworkwithmoreseniorworkmatesandprojectteamsonreducingpoverty.Whatarewelookingfor?Youshouldbe28yearsofageoryounger.Youracademicachievementsaresuperior.Youranalyticalandresearchskillsextendtoareasofspecializationsuchas:economics,finance,humandevelopment,socialsciences,agriculture,environment,etc.Anequivalentofabachelor’s(學士)degreeistheminimum.YouarefluentinEnglishand,preferably,inatleastoneotherbanklanguage(Chinese,French,Spanish,Russian,Arabic,orPortuguese).Youlovetechnologyandintegrateitinyourwork.Whatareweofferingyou?Wewillprovideyouwiththeopportunitytogainentry-levelprofessionalexperienceinapremierdevelopmentinstitution,onatwo-yearcontractwithbenefits.Sincethisprogramishighlycompetitive,applicantsmaybeaskedtosubmitacademicrecordsaswellasreferences.TheWorldBankwillcontactonlythosewhomhiringmanagerswishtointerview.PositionsmaybelocatedinanyoftheWorldBank’sofficesacrosstheworld.Howtoapply?Interestedcandidatesmayapplyonline.Pleasenotethatapplicationswillbekeptactiveinourdatabaseforaperiodofsixmonths.ShouldyoustillbeinterestedinJPAprogramaftersixmonths,youwillneedtore-apply.21.TheJPAprogramhelpstheyoung______.A.graduatewithhighhonorsB.findsolidandwell-paidjobsC.getentry-levelworkexperienceD.challengetheirseniorworkmates22.WhatisnecessarytobequalifiedfortheJPAprogram?A.Age28orunder.B.Superbtechnologyskills.C.Havingamaster’sdegree.D.FluencyinEnglishandLatin.23.WhatwilltheWorldBankoffer?A.Atwo-yearcontractwithwelfare.B.Interviewswithgeneralmanagers.C.Positionsinapplicants’hometowns.D.Analyticalandresearchskillstraining.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇應用文。文章介紹JPA項目招聘要求，項目提供的內容和如何申請加入JPA項目?！即鸢浮?1.C22.A23.A21．〖解析〗細節(jié)理解題。根據第二段“TheJPAprogramisauniqueopportunitytogainentry-levelprofessionalexperienceandfirst-handexposuretothechallenges-andrewards-ofinternationaldevelopment.(JPA項目是一個獨特的機會，可以獲得入門級的專業(yè)經驗，并直接接觸國際開發(fā)的挑戰(zhàn)和回報。)”可知，JPA項目可以幫助年輕人獲得入門級工作經驗。故選C。22．〖解析〗細節(jié)理解題。根據Whatarewelookingfor?中的“Youshouldbe28yearsofageoryounger.(你的年齡應該在28歲或以下。)”可知獲得JPA項目資格的必要條件是年齡要在28歲或以下，故選A。23．〖解析〗細節(jié)理解題。根據Whatareweofferingyou?中的“Wewillprovideyouwiththeopportunitytogainentry-levelprofessionalexperienceinapremierdevelopmentinstitution,onatwo-yearcontractwithbenefits.(我們將為您提供在一流開發(fā)機構獲得入門級專業(yè)經驗的機會，合同為期兩年，并附帶福利。)”可知世界銀行將提供一份為期兩年的合同并附帶福利。故選A。BOrlyWahbaisaneducator,speaker,entrepreneur(企業(yè)家),authorandcommunityactivistpassionateaboutinspiringandmotivatingpeopletobethebestthattheycanbe.Asayoungchild,listeningrepeatedlytothesong,“HealtheWorld”byMichaelJackson,Orlyknewthatshewantedtoleavehermarkandshewantedmorethananythingtobringpeopletogetherunderthenameofpeace,respect,andlove.Sinceherteenageyears,Orlyhasworkedextensivelywithtweensandteensaswellaslocalcharitiesinhercommunityprovidingahelpinghandforthosewhoneeditmost.OrlybeganhercareerinkindnessasamiddleschooleducatorattheYeshivahofFlatbushinBrooklyn,NY,teachingthechildrentousethepowertheyhavetoinfluencetheworldforgood.With8,000cards,shestartedawaveofpay-it-forwardkindness.Eachcardcontainedanactofkindnessthatoncecompleted,wouldbepassedontoanotherperson.Herprojectsucceeded,enhancingthelivesofherstudentsandraisingtheirsenseofself-worthastheysawtheirdirecthandincausingaripple(漣漪)effect.Evennow,peoplemayencounterOrlygivingoutherfamedActsofKindnessCardsonthesubway.Desiringtomakealargerimpactwithherbeneficentworkandafterhavingbeeninspiredbyasmallsignonaplanelabeled“LifeVestInside”,Orlyfounded(2011)LifeVestInside,anon-profitorganizationwithamissiontoencouragepeopletoembrace(擁抱)theincrediblepowerofgivingandrecognizethatintimesofhardship,kindness,likealifevest,keepstheworldafloat(漂浮).LVIshottonationalattentionwhenOrly’sshortfilmKindnessBoomerangwentviral,receivingmorethan100millionviewsandcoverageinmediasuchasTheTODAYShow,NBC,CBS,ADWEEK,InternationalBusinessTimesandmore.In2013OrlywasinvitedtospeakatTED.ThemagicthatOrlyspreadsisundeniable!ThroughLVI,kindhappeningsarebecomingmorefrequent.Andmorepeopleareexperiencingtheaddictivenessinthegivingofkindness.24.Howdidthesong“HealtheWorld”influenceOrly?A.Shewantedtobecomeanentrepreneur.B.Shedecidedtomakeadifferencetotheworld.C.Shemanagedtoraisemoneyforlocalcharities.D.Shestartedtoworkforapeaceorganization.25.TheActofKindnessCardsproject______.A.teachespeopletoplaycardsB.remainsacampuscampaignC.usesthepowerofaneducatorD.encouragespeopletopasskindness26.WhatinspiredOrlytoestablish“LifeVestInside”?A.Asmallsignonaplane.B.Anon-profitorganization.C.Alifevestinaflightaccident.D.Asuddenrecognitionofhardship.27.Whatcanwelearnfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A.Morepeoplebecomeaddictivetomagic.B.Orlyachievesamazingsuccessinfilmcareer.C.Morepeopleareinspiredtoshowkindnesstoothers.D.Orlyreceivesinternationalawardsforhercontribution.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文，文章講述了主人公Orly通過自己的行動創(chuàng)建了愛心組織，從而影響他人和整個世界?！即鸢浮?4.B25.D26.A27.C24．〖解析〗細節(jié)理解題。根據第二段中“Asayoungchild,listeningrepeatedlytothesong,“HealtheWorld”byMichaelJackson,Orlyknewthatshewantedtoleavehermarkandshewantedmorethananythingtobringpeopletogetherunderthenameofpeace,respect,andlove.(小時候，反復聽邁克爾·杰克遜的《HealtheWorld》這首歌，Orly知道她想留下自己的印記，她最想要的是以和平、尊重和愛的名義把人們團結在一起。)”可知，Orly深受《HealtheWorld》這首歌的影響，讓她知道自己決定改變世界。故選B。25．〖解析〗細節(jié)理解題。根據第三段中“With8,000cards,shestartedawaveofpay-it-forwardkindness.Eachcardcontainedanactofkindnessthatoncecompleted,wouldbepassedontoanotherperson.(有了8000張卡片，她掀起了一股“傳遞愛心”的浪潮。每張卡片都包含一個善舉，一旦完成，就會傳遞給另一個人。)”可知，善舉卡片項目的目的是鼓勵人們傳遞善意。故選D。26．〖解析〗細節(jié)理解題。根據倒數第三段中“Desiringtomakealargerimpactwithherbeneficentworkandafterhavingbeeninspiredbyasmallsignonaplanelabeled‘LifeVestInside’,Orlyfounded(2011)LifeVestInside(Orly希望通過她的慈善工作產生更大的影響，并受到飛機上一個寫著“LifeVestInside”的小標志的啟發(fā)，創(chuàng)辦了LifeVestInside(2011)。)”可知，飛機上的一個小標簽啟發(fā)她創(chuàng)建了該組織。故選A。27．〖解析〗推理判斷題。根據最后一段中“ThemagicthatOrlyspreadsisundeniable!ThroughLVI,kindhappeningsarebecomingmorefrequent.Andmorepeopleareexperiencingtheaddictivenessinthegivingofkindness.(Orly傳播的魔力是不可否認的！通過LVI，善意的事情變得越來越頻繁。越來越多的人正在經歷對給予善意的上癮。)”可知，在Orly的鼓舞下，越來越多的人愿意向他人展示和表達善意。故選C。CForastronomerswhoaresighted,theUniverseisfullofvisualwonders.Fromshimmeringplanetstoshinninggalaxies(星系),theuniverseisimpressivelybeautiful.Butthosewhoarevisuallyimpairedcannotsharethatexperience.Soastronomershavebeendevelopingalternativewaystoconvey(傳遞)scientificinformation.Recently,thejournalNatureAstronomypublishedthelatestinaseriesofarticlesontheuseofsonificationinastronomy.Sonificationdescribesthechangeofdataintodigitalaudio(聲音)files,whichallowsthemtobeheard,aswellasreadandseen.InAugust,KimberlyArcand,adata-visualizationexpertandsciencecommunicatorattheCenterforAstrophysicsandotherstransformedsomeofthefirstimagesoftheblackholeatthecentreofthePerseusclusterfromtheJamesWebbSpaceTelescopeintosound.Theyworkedundertheguidanceofpeoplewhoareblindtomaptheintensityandcoloursoflightintheheadline-grabbingpicturesintoaudio.Thesonificationofanimageofgasanddustinadistantnebula(星云),forinstance,usesloudhigh-frequencysoundstorepresentbrightlightnearthetopoftheimage,butlower-frequencyloudsoundstorepresentbrightlightneartheimage’scentre.Theblackholesonificationtranslatesdataonsoundwavestravellingthroughspace-createdbytheblackhole’simpactonthehotgasthatsurroundsit-intotherangeofhumanhearing.Scientistsinotherfieldshavealsoexperimentedwithdatasonification.SomehaveexploredwhetheritcanhelpwithdiscoveringAlzheimer’sdiseasefrombrainscans.SoundhasevenbeenusedtodescribeecologicalshiftscausedbyclimatechangeinanAlaskanforest,withresearchersassigningvariousmusicalinstrumentstodifferenttreespecies.Inthelongrun,suchapproachesneedtobestrictlyevaluatedtodeterminewhattheycanofferthatothertechniquescannot.Forallthetechnicalaccuracydisplayedinindividualprojects,theNatureAstronomyseriespointsoutthattherearenouniversallyacceptedstandardsforsonifyingscientificdata,andlittlepublishedworkthatevaluatesitseffectiveness.28.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“impaired”inParagraph1mostprobablymean?A.Appealing. B.Damaged. C.Directed. D.Impressive.29.TheexamplesinParagraph4areintendedto______.A.showthewidespreaduseofsonificationB.introducethecommonprocessofsonificationC.providepeoplewiththecureforparticulardiseasesD.improvetheapplicationofsonificationtomorefields30.Asforsonification，whichwouldtheauthoragreewith?A.Theuseofsonificationhelpstoanalyzedataeffectively.B.Thestandardizationofsonificationhasyettobeachieved.C.Sonificationcantransformsomedatathatothertechniquescannot.D.Lower-frequencysoundsshowbrightlightnearthetopoftheimage.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章講述的是超聲技術在實踐中的應用以及當前存在的問題?！即鸢浮?8.B29.A30.B28．〖解析〗詞義猜測題。根據前文“Forastronomerswhoaresighted,theUniverseisfullofvisualwonders.Fromshimmeringplanetstoshinninggalaxies(星系),theuniverseisimpressivelybeautiful.(對于視覺正常的天文學家來說，宇宙充滿了視覺奇跡。從閃爍的行星到閃耀的星系，宇宙是令人印象深刻的美麗。)”，以及劃線詞句中的“but”可知，本句與前句構成了轉折關系，前面講述的對于視覺正常的天文學家來說，宇宙充滿了視覺奇跡，后文應該指出對于那些視力損傷的人則不能享受此經歷。故劃線詞impaired與B選項damaged為同義詞，意為“損壞”。故選B。29．〖解析〗細節(jié)理解題。根據第四段中“Scientistsinotherfieldshavealsoexperimentedwithdatasonification.(其他領域的科學家也對數據聲波化進行了試驗。)”可知，本段中的例子主要闡述的是科學家對數據聲波化進行的試驗，表明超聲波的廣泛應用。故選A。30．〖解析〗推理判斷題。根據最后一段中“Forallthetechnicalaccuracydisplayedinindividualprojects,theNatureAstronomyseriespointsoutthattherearenouniversallyacceptedstandardsforsonifyingscientificdata,andlittlepublishedworkthatevaluatesitseffectiveness.(《自然-天文學》系列指出，對于個別項目中顯示的所有技術精度，沒有普遍接受的超聲科學數據的標準，很少有發(fā)表的工作評估其有效性。)”可知，當前，還沒有普遍接受的超聲科學數據的標準，即超聲技術的標準化還有待實現。故選B。DClotheswereonceuseduntiltheyfellapart-repairedandsewedtobere-used,endingtheirlivesasdishcloths.Nottoday.Clothing,footwearandupholsteredfurnitureareincreasinglyfrequentlybought,thrownawayandreplacedwithnewfashions,whicharethemselvessoonabandonedandreplaced.‘Fastfashion’issocalledpartlybecausethefashionindustrynowreleasesnewlineseveryweek,whenhistoricallythishappenedfourtimesayear.Today,fashionbrands(品牌)producealmosttwicetheamountofclothingthattheydidin2000.Butincredibly,morethan50billionclothesaredesertedwithinayearofbeingmade.Thetrendishavinganastonishingenvironmentalimpact.Takewater.Thefashionindustry,oneoftheworld’slargestusersofwater,consumesanywherefrom20trillionto200trillionlitreseveryyear.Besides,plasticfibresarereleasedwhenwewashpolyester(聚酯纖維)andotherpolymer-basedtextiles(紡織物),andmakeupbetween20%and35%ofthemicroplasticschokingtheoceans.Addedtothisarespecificchemicalsusedtomakefabricsdirtresistantandthepesticidesrequiredtoprotectcropssuchascotton.Changeisbadlyneeded,butwillrequirethefashionindustrytoworkhardertoembracemoreofwhatisknownasthecirculareconomy.Thatwillinvolveatleasttwothings:refocusingonmakingthingsthatlast,andsoencouragingreuse;andmorerapidlyexpandingthetechnologiesforsustainablemanufacturing(制造)processes,especiallyrecycling.Thereisworktobedoneforresearchersonimprovingandexpandingtextilesrecycling.Mostusedtextilesgotolandfill(廢物填埋場),inpartbecausetherearerelativelyfewsystemsthatcollect,recycleandreusematerials.Suchrecyclingrequiresthemanualseparationoffibres,aswellasbuttonsandzips.Differentfibresarenoteasytoidentifybyeye,andoverallsuchmanualprocessesaretime-consuming.Machineryisbeingdevelopedthatcanhelp.Technologiesalsoexisttorecycleusedfibreschemicallyandtocreatehigh-qualityfibresthatcanbereusedinclothing.Butthesearenowherenearthescale(規(guī)模)needed.Anotherchallengeforresearchersistoworkouthowtogetconsumersandmanufacturerstochangetheirbehaviour.Smallstepsaregood,butbigchangesareneeded.Theshamefulenvironmentalcostofanewcupboardneedstobetackledimmediately,atscale,withstyle.31.Whatarethefirsttwoparagraphsmainlyabout?A.Clothesshouldbeuseduntiltheyfallapart.B.Fashionbrandsarereplacedwithnewonesfrequently.C.Fastfashionleadstoasignificantincreaseinfashionwaste.D.Fashionbrandsproducetwicemoreclothingthannecessary.32.Accordingtotheauthor,whatdoesthecirculareconomyfocuson?A.Improvingtheproductionofnaturaltextiles.B.Studyinghowfastfashionaffectstheenvironment.C.Releasingnewlinesfourtimesayearinsteadofeveryweek.D.Makingdurablethingsandexpandingthetechnologiesforrecycling.33.Whatcanyouinferfromthepassage?A.Consumersarefondofchemicallyrecycledfibres.B.Systemsthatcollect,recycleandreuseareinsufficient.C.Manualseparationoffibresispreferredbymanufacturers.D.Environmentdamageismainlycausedbyusingchemicals.34.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthefutureoffashionindustry?A.Bigchangesareneededtofollowfashionstyles.B.Hugestepsshouldbetakenfortheneedsofconsumers.C.Moreshouldbedonetodealwiththeheavyenvironmentalcost.D.Consumersandmanufacturerswillchangetheirbehaviourimmediately.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了“快時尚”潮流給環(huán)境所帶來的危害，以及研究人員為了避免環(huán)境危害嘗試的措施?！即鸢浮?1.C32.D33.B34.C31．〖解析〗推理判斷題。根據第一段中“Clothing,footwearandupholsteredfurnitureareincreasinglyfrequentlybought,thrownawayandreplacedwithnewfashions,whicharethemselvessoonabandonedandreplaced.(人們越來越頻繁地購買衣服、鞋類和軟墊家具，然后扔掉，換上新的時裝，而這些時裝本身很快又被拋棄和替換。)”以及第二段中“Today,fashionbrands(品牌)producealmosttwicetheamountofclothingthattheydidin2000.Butincredibly,morethan50billionclothesaredesertedwithinayearofbeingmade.(如今，時尚品牌的服裝產量幾乎是2000年的兩倍。但令人難以置信的是，超過500億件衣服在制作完成后的一年內被丟棄。)”可以推斷，快時尚導致時尚浪費的顯著增加。故選C。32．〖解析〗細節(jié)理解題。根據第四段中“Thatwillinvolveatleasttwothings:refocusingonmakingthingsthatlast,andsoencouragingreuse;andmorerapidlyexpandingthetechnologiesforsustainablemanufacturing(制造)processes,especiallyrecycling.(這至少涉及兩件事：重新專注于制造耐用的物品，從而鼓勵重復使用；并更迅速地擴展可持續(xù)制造過程的技術，特別是回收利用。)”可知，循環(huán)經濟注重的是制造耐用的物品，從而鼓勵重復使用；并更迅速地擴展可持續(xù)制造過程的技術，故選D。33．〖解析〗細節(jié)理解題。根據倒數第二段中“

Mostusedtextilesgotolandfill(廢物填埋場),inpartbecausetherearerelativelyfewsystemsthatcollect,recycleandreusematerials.Suchrecyclingrequiresthemanualseparationoffibres,aswellasbuttonsandzips.

(大多數用過的紡織品都被扔進了垃圾填埋場，部分原因是收集、回收和再利用材料的系統(tǒng)相對較少。這種回收需要手工分離纖維，以及紐扣和拉鏈。)”可知，大多數用過的紡織品都被扔進了垃圾填埋場，部分原因是收集、回收和再利用材料的系統(tǒng)相對較少。故選B。34．〖解析〗推理判斷題。根據最后一段中“Smallstepsaregood,butbigchangesareneeded.Theshamefulenvironmentalcostofanewcupboardneedstobetackledimmediately,atscale,withstyle.(一小步是好的，但大的改變是必要的。快時尚所帶來的令人羞恥的環(huán)境成本需要立即大規(guī)模、有格調地加以解決。)”可知，就長遠來看，我們需要做出大的改變是十分必要的，因此人類應該采取更多措施來應對“快時尚”所帶來的沉重的環(huán)境代價。故選C。第二節(jié)(共5小題：每小題2分，共10分)根據短文內容，從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Late-nighteatinghaslongbeenconnectedtoahigherriskforobesityoroverweight,whichcanposeallkindsofriskstoyourheart.____35____Arecentstudyfoundthatwhenmealsaredelayedbyfourhours—sayeatingat10:30PMratherthan6:30PMandkeepingallotherlifestylefactorsthesame,peopleburnfewercalories,havestrongerappetite,andexperiencechangesinfattissuethatpromoteweightgain,accordingtothestudy’sauthor.Thestudywasrathersmall,featuringonly16overweightorobesepeople.____36____Intheweeksbefore,theymaintainedaregularsleepscheduleandstucktoidenticaldietsandmealtimesathome.Eachparticipantreportedontheirhungerandappetite,andprovideddataneeded.Besidesfeelinghungrier,burningfewercalories,andshowingchangesinfattissue,lateeatingalsoimpactedthehunger-regulatinghermones(荷爾蒙)ghrelinandleptin.Ghrelinisthehormonethattellsyouwhentoeat,whileleptintellsyouwhenyou’vehadenough.____37____Thesolutionmayberelativelysimple.Keepingyoureatingscheduleinlinewithyourbody’snaturalclockmakessense.____38____Itcanminimizeweightgainandreducetheriskforhighbloodpressureandotherheartdiseaseriskfactors.Besides,tryeatingabigbreakfast,slightlysmallerlunch,andsmalldinnerwithhealthysnacksthroughouttheday.____39____Sopayattentiontoportion(食物的一份)sizesandwhatyou’reeating.A.Ofcourse,noteveryone’snaturalbodyclockisthesame.B.Researchersmayhavelearnedwhymealtimingcouldimpactfatgain.C.Asurveyhasrevealedthatagrowingnumberofpeopleareoverweight.D.Theyeachstucktoastrictearlyorlatemealscheduleforonedayinalab.E.Remember,whatyoueatandhowmuchislikelymoreimportantthanwhen.F.Eatingmoreearlyinthedayandlessasitprogressesmaybethebeststrategy.G.Thestudyfoundthatleptindroppedby16percentwhenpeopledelayedtheirmeals.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文，文章介紹了吃飯的時間會影響食欲和體重，并提出相關建議。〖答案〗35.B36.D37.G38.F39.E35．〖解析〗下文“Arecentstudyfoundthatwhenmealsaredelayedbyfourhours—sayeatingat10:30PMratherthan6:30PMandkeepingallotherlifestylefactorsthesame,peopleburnfewercalories,havestrongerappetite,andexperiencechangesinfattissuethatpromoteweightgain,accordingtothestudy’sauthor.(最近的一項研究發(fā)現，如果吃飯時間推遲了4個小時——比如在晚上10點半吃飯，而不是6點半，并且保持其他生活方式不變，根據該研究的作者所說，人們燃燒的卡路里會更少，食欲會更強，脂肪組織的變化會促進體重增加。)”通過舉例來說明用餐時間所產生的影響，是對B選項“Researchersmayhavelearnedwhymealtimingcouldimpactfatgain.(研究人員可能已經了解了為什么用餐時間會影響脂肪的增加。)”中研究成果的闡述，說明了用餐時間如何導致脂肪的增加，上下文語意連貫。故選B。36．〖解析〗下文“Intheweeksbefore,theymaintainedaregularsleepscheduleandstucktoidenticaldietsandmealtimesathome.(在此之前的幾周里，他們保持著規(guī)律的睡眠時間表，在家里堅持相同的飲食和用餐時間。)”提到實驗對象在實驗前幾周的準備工作，根據句中時間狀語“Intheweeksbefore”可推知，上文設空處應介紹實驗當日的情況，D選項“Theyeachstucktoastrictearlyorlatemealscheduleforonedayinalab.(在實驗室里，他們每個人都嚴格遵守早或晚的用餐時間表。)”符合語境。故選D。37．〖解析〗上文“Ghrelinisthehormonethattellsyouwhentoeat,whileleptintellsyouwhenyou’vehadenough.(胃饑餓素是一種告訴你什么時候該吃東西的激素，而瘦素告訴你什么時候吃飽了。)”提出餓素和瘦素的作用。G選項“Thestudyfoundthatleptindroppedby16percentwhenpeopledelayedtheirmeals.(研究發(fā)現，當人們推遲吃飯時，瘦素水平會下降16%。)”中說明推遲吃飯會導致瘦素水平下降，會讓人多吃東西，上下文語意連貫，句中“l(fā)eptin”是關鍵詞。故選G。38．〖解析〗上文“Keepingyoureatingscheduleinlinewithyourbody’snaturalclockmakessense.(讓你的飲食計劃與你身體的生物鐘保持一致是有意義的)”提出讓飲食計劃與生物鐘保持一致，F選項“Eatingmoreearlyinthedayandlessasitprogressesmaybethebeststrategy.(早上多吃點，隨著時間發(fā)展少吃點可能是最好的策略。)”給出具體建議，即早上多吃，后面少吃，下文“Itcanminimizeweightgainandreducetheriskforhighbloodpressureandotherheartdiseaseriskfactors.(它可以最大限度地減少體重增加，降低患高血壓和其他心臟病風險因素的風險。)”說明這樣做的好處。上下文語意連貫。故選F。39．〖解析〗根據下文的“Sopayattentiontoportion(食物的一份)sizesandwhatyou’reeating.(所以要注意食物的分量和你吃的東西。)”中“So”可知，上下文之間是因果關系，E選項“Remember,whatyoueatandhowmuchislikelymoreimportantthanwhen.(記住，你吃什么和吃多少可能比什么時候吃更重要。)”指出吃什么和吃多少更重要，與下文構成因果關系，句中“whaty