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Unit3OnthemoveUnit3SectionA一、基礎(chǔ)短語1.除......之外2.為了好玩3.考慮到,鑒于4.追溯到5.......的基礎(chǔ)/最根本的原因6.看到某人正在做某事7.盡情地,心滿意足地8.以......結(jié)束9.以......為例10.打破,消除,分解,出故障11.突然發(fā)生,爆發(fā)12.放下,寫下,鎮(zhèn)壓13.關(guān)乎生死的問題,生死攸關(guān)的事情14.形狀像......15.受到歡迎二、詞性轉(zhuǎn)換(構(gòu)詞法梳理)1.轉(zhuǎn)化法構(gòu)詞①.adj.滿足的,滿意的→n.滿意,滿足。②.n.塑料→adj.塑料制的。2.派生法構(gòu)詞①surfv.沖浪→n.沖浪(運動)。②.equipv.裝備,配備→n.裝備,設(shè)備,用具。③.deadadj.死的→n.死,死亡→adj.致命的。④.v.向......保證,使確信→assurancen.保證,擔(dān)保。三、重難點知識及練習(xí)1.represent&representative&representation(1)representv.表示,代表,描繪①represent...with...用......代表......;②represent...as...把......描述成......。(2)representativen.代表;adj.典型的,有代表性的berepresentativeof代表......的,......的典型(3)representationn.代表,描繪練習(xí):1.Winddirection(represent)witharrows.2.Youmightrepresenteachletteranumber,forexample.3.Mr.Smithwaschosen(represent)thepanyattheconference.4.Thearticlerepresentsthemillionaireasimplefamilyman.5.Areyouropinions(represent)ofalltheworkershere?2.giventhat考慮到,鑒于(引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句)(1)given也可用作介詞,后接名詞,表示原因。(2)除了giventhat外,下列單詞和短語也可以引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句:because,since,as,consideringthat(考慮到),seeingthat(既然),nowthat(既然),inthat(因為)等。練習(xí):1.Itwassurprisingthegovernmentwasreelected,(give)thattheyhadraisedtaxessomuch.2.(give)hisage,he’saremarkablyfastrunner.3.(see)thatI’mawake,Imightaswellewithyou.4.Iwasimpressedthatshefoundthewayhere,(consider)she’donlybeenhereoncebefore.5.Nowthekidshavelefthome,we’vegotalotofextraspace.3.goback追溯到(=dateback)goback(to)相當(dāng)于dateback(to),常用于一般現(xiàn)在時,沒有進行時態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。常用現(xiàn)在分詞形式作定語或狀語。goback/dateback+表示一段時間的名詞。gobackto/datebackto/datefrom+表示具體時間的名詞。練習(xí):1.Myinterestinthesubjectgoesmanyyears.2.Myfamilyhasavase,whichissaidtogobacktheMingDynasty.3.Theoldbuilding(date)backtotheTangDynastyisstillingoodcondition.4.Papercutsofanimalshavebeenfoundintombswhich(追溯到)thetimeoftheSouthernandNorthernDynasties.4.goaln.球門,進球,進球得分;目標(biāo),目的①beingoal/keepgoal守球門;②score/kickagoal踢進一球;③worktowardsagoal朝某一目標(biāo)努力;④achieve/attain/reachone’sgoal達到目標(biāo);⑤set(oneself/sb.)agoal(給自己/某人)制訂目標(biāo)。練習(xí):1.Hewill(守球門)inthefootballmatchtomorrow.2.Jennifersacrificed(犧牲)to(達到她的目標(biāo)),givingupmanynightswithherkidsandmissingimportanteventstostudy.3.Youshould(給自己制訂目標(biāo))atthebeginningofeachschoolyear.5.basisn.基礎(chǔ),根據(jù)①onthebasisof在......的基礎(chǔ)上,根據(jù)......;②onaregular/daily/weeklybasis定期/每天/每周;【辨析】basis與basebasis:指支持某事物并構(gòu)成其發(fā)展基礎(chǔ)的重要事實、觀念、事、物等。base:指某事物的基底部分,也可指知識、想法等的基礎(chǔ)或軍事組織的基地。練習(xí):1.Don’tmakeyourdecision(根據(jù))thecostalone.2.Isuggestthatwemeet(定期)todiscussprogress.3.Thisarticlewillformtheforourdecision.4.Aftertheattack,theyreturnedtothe.5.Somevideoshavebeenbannedonthethattheyaretooviolent.練習(xí):1.wegoswimmingeverydaydoesusalotofgood.2.thefamoussingerdidn’tappearmadehisfansverydisappointed.3.It’sapityyoucan’tstaylonger.4.Itislikelythevoteswillhavetobecountedagain.5.Itturnedoutshewasafriendofmysister.6.(......是自然的)heshouldbeinterestedinwhathappens.7.(據(jù)報道)severalpeoplehadbeenarrested.8.(......是莫大的榮幸)Iwasaskedtospeakonbehalfofthewholeclass.7.that引導(dǎo)主語從句that引導(dǎo)主語從句時,在從句中不充當(dāng)句子成分,也無實際意義,只起連接作用,但不可省略。如果主語從句太長,為了避免頭重腳輕,常用it作形式主語,而把主語從句后置。(1)It+be+形容詞+that...常用形容詞有certain,obvious,natural,likely,possible,important,necessary等。(2)It+be+名詞(詞組)+that...常用名詞(詞組)有apity,ashame,afact,anhonour,awonder,nowonder等。(3)It+be+過去分詞+that...常用的過去分詞有said,believed,reported,announced,suggested,hoped等。(4)It+不及物動詞(詞組)+that...常用的不及物動詞(詞組)有seem,happen,appear,turnout等。練習(xí):1.Ihavebeenbusyrepairingallthebrokenoffice(equip)thesedays.2.(equip)withsomefoodanddrinks,theboyssetsailearly.3.Ourschoolhasbeengivensome(新設(shè)備).4.Everyroominthehotel(配備著)aputer,aTVsetandairconditioner.5.Thegoalofthecourseisto(使人們獲得技能)necessaryforajobinthistechnologicalage.8.equipment&equip(1)equipmentn.裝備,設(shè)備,用具equipment是不可數(shù)名詞,無復(fù)數(shù)形式,表達“一件設(shè)備”要用apieceofequipment。(2)equipv.裝備,配備,使有知識和技能,使能夠勝任①equip...with...用......裝備......;②beequippedwith配備有......;③beequippedfor對......有準(zhǔn)備;④equipsb.forsth.使某人能勝某事練習(xí):1.Shetookrefugeinthelibrary,whereshecould(盡情地閱讀).2.Andy(對...感到滿意)thetoy.Itisthebesthehasevergot.3.Myparentsarecontent(live)inthecountryside,wheretheairiscleanandthevegetablesarefresh.4.Mr.Smithhasbeenaskingformoreresponsibility,buthashadtocontenthimselfaminorpost.9.contentn.滿意滿足;adj.滿意的,滿足的;v.使?jié)M意,使?jié)M足①withcontent滿意地,滿足地;②becontenttodosth.滿足于做某事;③toone’sheart’scontent盡情地,心滿意足地;④contentoneselfwith(doing)sth.使自己滿足于(做)某事;⑤feel/becontentwith對.....感到滿意/滿足(=besatisfiedwith=bepleasedwith).練習(xí):1.Keywordsareusedtodefendthedatabeingstolen.2.Ourguideswillhavegunswiththemfor(defend)theycanusethegunstoscaretheanimalsawayiftheyetoonear.3.Mr.Greenstoodup(為......辯護)thelittleboy,sayingthathewasnottheonetoblame.10.defend&defence(1)defendv.(在比賽中)防守,保護,保衛(wèi),為.....辯護defend...against/from...保衛(wèi).....免受.....(2)defencen.保護,辯護①inone’sdefence為某人辯護;②indefenceof為保衛(wèi)......,為......辯護練習(xí):1.Itispossibletorecoverfromsometypesofcancer.skincancer.(以......為例)2.Manycountries,(例如)MexicoandJapan,havealotofearthquakes.3.Parentsshould(為......樹立榜樣)theirchildren.11.take...forexample以......為例take...forexample中,當(dāng)賓語較長時,賓語可移到forexample之后。①forexample例如,舉例來說;②give(sb.)anexample(給某人)舉例;③setanexampleto為......樹立榜樣;④followone’sexample以某人為榜樣,效仿某人練習(xí):1.Notlongafterhisreturn,alocalwarbrokenearhistown.2.Iwaslateforworkyesterdaybecausemycarbrokeinthestreet.3.ThievesbrokemyhousewhenIwasout.4.Thievesbrokeandstole£10,000worthofputerequipment.5.Theybrokeawaythenationalunionandsetuptheirownlocalorganization.6.(火災(zāi)爆發(fā))duringtheday,andthereforealmostnoonewasinjured.7.Don’t(打斷)whiletheprofessorisgivingalecture.12.breakout突然發(fā)生,爆發(fā)breakout是不及物動詞短語,不能用于被動語態(tài)。表示“發(fā)生”的動詞(詞組)還有happen,occur,takeplace等,它們都不能用于被動語態(tài)。①breakaway(from)脫離,逃脫;②breakoff折斷,斷開,中斷;③breakdown出故障,垮掉,消除(隔閡等),分解;④breakin破門而入,打斷談話(不及物);⑤breakinto破門而入,強行闖入,突然......起來(及物);⑥breakthrough沖破,突破;⑦breakup破碎,解散,(學(xué)校)放假。練習(xí):1.(放下)thoseheavybagsforaminute.2.letme(寫下)yourtelephonenumberincaseIforgetit.3.Theyareputtingseveralnewofficeblocksinthecenterofthetown.4.Ifyouthinkyouaresick,youshouldnotputgoingtoseethedoctor.5.Smokingidforbiddenhere.Pleaseputyourcigarette.13.putdown放下,寫下,鎮(zhèn)壓①putaside不考慮,存(錢)備用;②putforward提出,提議,將......提前;③puton穿上,戴上,上演,舉行;④putup建造,張貼,舉起,提高;⑤putaway將......收起;⑥putof推遲,延期;⑦putupwith忍受,容忍;⑧putout撲滅,熄滅,生產(chǎn),出版。練習(xí):1.Johnoftenesconflictwithhisboss.2.Theresultsofthenewresearchwouldseemtoconflictexistingtheories.3.Shefoundherself(與......存在分歧)herparentsoverherfuturecareer.14.conflictn.武裝沖突,戰(zhàn)斗,戰(zhàn)爭,沖突,矛盾;v.矛盾,沖突,抵觸①inconflictwith與......相沖突;②conflictwith與......發(fā)生沖突;③eintoconflictwithsb.與某人發(fā)生沖突。練習(xí):1.Johnoftenesconflictwithhisboss.2.Theresultsofthenewresearchwouldseemtoconflictexistingtheories.3.Shefoundherself(與......存在分歧)herparentsoverherfuturecareer.15.amatterof...關(guān)乎......的事情①beamatteroflifeanddeath是關(guān)乎生死的問題;②beamatterofopinion是看法問題(尤用于持反對意見);③beamatterof(personal)taste/choice/preference是個人口味/選擇/喜好的問題;④beamatterofprinciple是原則問題;⑤asamatterofsth.出于某方面的考慮。練習(xí):1.Thequalityoftheambulanceserviceis(關(guān)乎生死的問題).2.Shecouldn’ttakethemoney.Itwas(原則問題).3.Itisnotaproblemwhetherwecanwinthebattle;it’sjust(時間問題).Unit3SectionB基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)一、基礎(chǔ)短語1.參加比賽2.無論...還是...3.了解/不了解......的狀態(tài)4.使某人有能力做某事5.訂購6.對......有好處7.有悠久的歷史8.包括/需要做某事9.做某事的原因10.由于,因為11.建立,成立,創(chuàng)立12.吸引某人到某事物上13.喜歡14.放棄15.彌補,補償二、詞性轉(zhuǎn)換(構(gòu)詞法梳理)1.轉(zhuǎn)化法構(gòu)詞①.n.圖表→v.記錄,跟蹤(變化或進展)。②.adj.理想的,最好的→n.理想。③.n.顯示器→v.顯示(信息)。④.v.監(jiān)視,監(jiān)測→n.監(jiān)視器,顯示器。⑤.n.平衡→v.(使)平穩(wěn),(使)保持平衡。⑥.n.大師,能手→v.掌握,精通。2.派生法構(gòu)詞①.adj.理想的,最好的→idealismn.理想主義。②.setv.設(shè)置,調(diào)整→n.(機器、儀器等調(diào)控裝置的)設(shè)定位置,調(diào)節(jié)點。③.v.調(diào)整,調(diào)節(jié)→adjustableadj.可調(diào)整的,可調(diào)節(jié)的→n.調(diào)節(jié)。④balancen.平衡→adj.均衡的。⑤respondv.回答,答復(fù)→n.回答,答復(fù)。三、重難點知識及練習(xí)1.keeptrackof了解......的動態(tài),與......保持聯(lián)系①losetrackof不了解......的動態(tài),......失去聯(lián)系;②beontheright/wrongtrack思路正確/錯誤;③beontrack步入正軌;④trackdown追蹤到,追查到;⑤backontrack重新步入正確軌道。練習(xí):1.Ifinditdifficultto(了解......的情況)myoldfriendnow.2.I’ve(不知道)howmanytimeshecalledlastweek.3.That’snottheanswerbutyou’retherighttrack.2.whether...or...(1)可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句,意為“不管......,還是......”;(2)還可引導(dǎo)表語從句、賓語從句、主語從句和同位語從句,意為“是......還是......”?!咀⒁狻縲hether還可以用于whether...ornot/whetherornot...結(jié)構(gòu),意為“是否......,不管......與否”練習(xí):1.Itdoesn’tmatterwhetheryoupaybycashcreditcardinthisstore.2.Anotherimportantdifferenceisschoolsarestateschoolsorprivateschools.3.Itremainstobeseenornotthisideacanbeputintopractice.4.Itdoesn’tmatter(無論你右拐還是左拐)atthecrossingbothroadsleadtothepark.5.(不管......與否)we’resuccessful,wecanbesurethatwehavedoneourbest.3.adjustable&adjust&adjustment(1)adjustableadj.可調(diào)整的,可調(diào)節(jié)的(2)adjustv.調(diào)整,適應(yīng)①adjust...to...調(diào)整......以話應(yīng)......;②adjust(oneself)to(使自己)適應(yīng)......;(3)adjustmentn.調(diào)整,調(diào)節(jié)makeadjustments作出調(diào)整練習(xí):1.Theheightofthebicycleseatis(adjust).2.Myparentshadtroubleadjustingto(live)inanapartment.3.You’dbetteradjustyourlanguagetheageofyouraudience.4.Ittookafewsecondsforhereyesto(適應(yīng)黑暗).4.available&available(1)availableadj.可用的,可獲得的,(人)有空的;①beeavailable可以用/獲得;②makesth.available使某物可利用/可獲得。(2)availableadj.無法得的練習(xí):1.Manylessons(現(xiàn)在可以在),fromwhichstudentscanchooseforfree.2.Meetingswereheldtoupdateemployeesassoonas(有新的信息).3.Thereare(許多就業(yè)機會)inthearea.5.balance&balanced(1)balancen.平衡;v.(使)保持平衡①keepone’sbalance保持平衡;②loseone’sbalance失去平衡(強調(diào)動作);③outofbalance失去平衡(強調(diào)狀態(tài));④onbalance總的來說;⑤keepabalancebetweenAandB保持A與B均衡;⑥balance...against...權(quán)衡......與......。(2)balancedadj.平衡的,均衡的;keepabalanceddiet保持均衡的飲食練習(xí):1.Thechildcouldn’t(保持平衡)onhisnewbicycleandfelldownfromitseveraltimes.2.Whenhewasrunningafterhisbrother,theboy(失去了平衡)andhadabadfall.3.Manyapproacheshavebeentriedto(保持自然界的平衡).4.Itisprettyimportantforteenagerstohavea(balance)diet.5.Workingasamanager,Ms.Smithfoundithard(balance)betweenworkandherfamily.6.involvev.包含,需要,涉及,影響,使參與①involvedoingsth.包括/需要做某事;②involvesb.in(doing)sth.使某人參與(做)某事③be/getinvolvedin參與,卷人,與......有關(guān)聯(lián)練習(xí):1.Runningyourownbusinessusuallyinvolves(work)longhours.2.Thereareasmallnumberofpeople(involve),possiblyasfewastwenty.3.ForalongtimeGabrieldidn’twanttobeinvolvedmusicatall.4.Theteachertriedto(使每個孩子參與游戲).5.SomepeopletriedtostopthefightbutIdidn’twantto(牽涉進去).7.mastern.&v.(1)n.大師,能手,主人①amasterof.........的大師/高手;②beone’sownmaster自已做主,自己當(dāng)老板。(2)v.掌握,精通masternewskills/techniques掌握新的技能/技術(shù)練習(xí):1.Englishisalanguageeasytolearnbutdifficult(master).2.Ifwewantto(掌握高級的技能),weshouldstartfromthebasicskills.8.response&respond(1)responsen.回答,答復(fù),反應(yīng),響應(yīng)①makearesponse作出回應(yīng);②makenoresponseto...對......不作答復(fù);③inresponseto作為對......的回應(yīng)。(2)respondv.答復(fù),回答,作出反應(yīng),回應(yīng)respondto回答,回復(fù),對......作出反應(yīng)練習(xí):1.Iknockedonthedoorbuttherewasno(respond).2.Weplainedtothetravelagencyabouttheterribleserviceduringourtrip,butnoone(respond)bynow.3.Thesementscame(作為對......的回應(yīng))specificquestionsoftenaskedbylocalnewsmen.4.He(沒有回復(fù))myletter.9.dueto由于,因為due作形容詞,意為“預(yù)定的,預(yù)期發(fā)生的”,常構(gòu)成搭配beduetodosth.預(yù)計要做某事?!颈嫖觥縟ueto,owingto,thanksto與becauseof①dueto常作狀語、表語,一般不位于句首。②owingto常作狀語和表語。③thanksto常作狀語,常指好的方面。④becauseof常作狀語。練習(xí):1.選詞填空:dueto,becauseof,owingto,thanksto①alackoffunds,theprojectwillnotcontinuenextyear.②Thetownwascutofffromtherestoftheworldtheheavysnow.③thismittee,manynewsponsorshaveeforward.2.Hisnewbookisdueto(publish)nextyear.Unit3SectionC基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)一、基礎(chǔ)短語1.......的數(shù)量2.參加,參與3.被用來做某事4.收到...的來信5.偶然遇見,偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)6.(與......)取得聯(lián)系7.生來就有......(某種疾病)8.即將發(fā)生,就在附近9.相應(yīng)地,轉(zhuǎn)而,依次地,輪流地10.對付,應(yīng)付,處理11.到......結(jié)束時12.籌備資金13.害怕......14.如下15.準(zhǔn)備好做某事16.使......免遭......17.導(dǎo)致某人做某事18.消失,絕跡,滅絕19.參加,參與20.說服某人做某事二、詞性轉(zhuǎn)換(構(gòu)詞法梳理)1.轉(zhuǎn)化法構(gòu)詞①.n.標(biāo)簽,標(biāo)記→v.貼標(biāo)簽于②.v.(持續(xù)而隱隱地)作痛2.派生法構(gòu)詞①.v.理解,了解,解釋→interpretationn.解釋,說明,理解。②.n.力量→adj.強壯的,有力的→powerlessadj.無力量的。③.tenseadj.緊張的,焦慮不安的→n.緊張,焦慮。④.appearv.出現(xiàn)→v.消失,不見→n.消失,失蹤。⑤.n.汗→sweatyadj.滿是汗的,被汗水濕透的。⑥.inspirev.鼓舞,激勵→adj.鼓舞人心的→n.鼓舞。⑦.persuadev.說服,勸服→n.說服,勸服。⑧ultimateadj.(目標(biāo)等)最終的→adv.最后,最終。三、重難點知識及練習(xí)1.before引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句①beforesb.candosth.某人還沒來得及做某事;②Itwas+時間段+before...過了多長時間才......;③Itwillbe+時間段+before...要過多長時間才......?!咀⒁狻浚篵efore在不同的情況下含義不同,可譯為“......之后才”,“在......之前就”,“還沒來得及.....就”等。無論如何翻譯,before本質(zhì)上還是“在......之前”的含義。練習(xí):1.Iknewit,thewaterwasrushingandtookmycarwithit.2.Theyoungcouple,whoreturnedmylostwallet,leftIcouldaskfortheirnames.3.Weneedtogettotherootoftheproblemwecansolveit.4.Ifyoumissthischance,itmaybeyearsyougetanotherone.2.power&powerful(1)powern.力量,權(quán)力,政權(quán),能力,動力,電力①etopower上臺(強調(diào)動作);②havethepowertodosth.有權(quán)做某事;③beinpower執(zhí)政,掌權(quán)(強調(diào)狀態(tài));④in/withinonespower(todosth.)某人有權(quán)/能力(做某事);⑤beyondone’spower(todosth.)某人無權(quán)/能力(做某事)。(2)powerfuladj.有權(quán)勢的【辨析】:power,force,strength與energy①power:權(quán)力,能力,電力;powerful強大的;②force:武力,暴力;forceful使用武力的;③strength:體力,力氣;strong強壯的;④energy:精力,活力,能量;energetic精力充沛的。練習(xí):1.Bodylanguageisoneofthemost(power)meansofmunication.2.Iwishitwerewithinmypower(change)thedecision.3.NotthatIdon’twanttohelpyou,butthatit’s(超出我的能力)todoso.4.Theparty(執(zhí)政)foreightyears.5.Thesoldierstooktheprisonersawayby.6.Itmaytakeafewweeksforyoutobuildupyouragain.7.Inonestory,lanternswerelittocelebratetheoflightoverdarkness.8.Youshouldspendyourtimeandonsomethingmoreuseful.3.inturn相應(yīng)地,轉(zhuǎn)而,依次地,輪流地①inreturn(forsth.)作為(某事物的)報酬,作為(某事物的)回報;②taketurnstodosth.=taketurns(in)doingsth.輪流做某事;③It’sone’sturntodosth.輪到某人做某事了。④byturns輪流地,交替地。練習(xí):1.Theoryisbasedonpracticeand,turn,servespractice.2.Eachofusturndescribedhowpollutionhadbeencaused.3.SamandItookturns(carry)theluggagewhilehiking.4.Weofferanexcellenteducationtoourstudents.,weexpectstudentstoworkhard.5.Tourismbringsinalotofmoneytothelocals,which,bringsaboutmorethanoneproblem.4.disappear&disappear&disappearance&appear&appearance(1)disappearv.消失,不見①disappearfromview/sight從視線中消失;②disappearintodarkness消失在黑暗中;③disappearbehind/into消失在......后/中?!咀⒁狻縟isappear是非延續(xù)性動詞,不與表示一段時間的狀語連用,也沒有被動語態(tài)。(2)disappearv.消失;(3)disappearancen.消失(4)appearv.出現(xiàn);(5)appearancen.出現(xiàn),外表。練習(xí):1.ThetraindisappearedviewandIknewmybestfriendwouldnevereback.2.Thisbookgivesadetaileddescriptionaboutthe(disappear)ofthisspecies.3.Theirmisunderstanding(disappear)afteralongtalk.4.Shewasamazedthatthecreaturesuddenly(從視線中消失了).5.dieout消失,絕跡,滅絕①dieaway(聲音、風(fēng)或光)慢慢變?nèi)?,漸漸消失;②diedown減弱,平息;③dieof相繼死去,先后死去;④diefrom/of因......而死;⑤bedyingfor/todosth.極想要某物/渴望做某事。練習(xí):1.Thisspecieshasnearlydiedbecauseitshabitatisbeingdestroyed.2.HervoicediedasshesawthelookonDavid’sface.3.Aftertheexcitementoftheaudiencedied,thespeakerstartedhisspeech.4.Thewildpopulationofkoalasis(瀕臨滅絕的風(fēng)險).6.achev.(持續(xù)而隱隱地)作痛;n.(持續(xù)的)隱痛achefrom因......而疼痛【辨析】ache與pain①ache:指身體某一部位持續(xù)的隱痛,而不指一時的痛,多用于構(gòu)成復(fù)合詞;如headache,toothache和backache。②pain:泛指“疼痛”,也可指精神上的痛苦。練習(xí):1.Herfeetwereachingstandingsolong.2.Mylegisgivingmemuchlesspainbutstill(ache)whenIsitdown.3.Apartfromtheusual(ache)andpains,sheleftallright.4.Ifelta(n)inmybackafterdecoratingallday.5.Shehatedtosaythewords,forfearofcausing.7.inspire&inspiration&inspiring(1)inspirev.鼓舞,激勵,使產(chǎn)生(某種感情或反應(yīng)),激起①inspiresb.todosth.激勵某人做某事;②inspiresb.withsth.=inspiresth.insb.激起某人的某種情感。(2)inspirationn.鼓舞,靈感(3)inspiringadj.鼓舞人心的,啟發(fā)靈感的練習(xí):1.Hisspeechinspiredus(work)harderthaneverbefore.2.(inspire)bythesunnyweather,Idecidedtoexplorethewoods.3.Thecaptain’sheroiceffortinspiredthemdetermination.=Thecaptain’sheroiceffortinspireddeterminationthem.4.Hisspeechwas(inspire)andtouchedmyheart.8.persuadev.說服,勸服,使相信,使信服①persuadesb.todosth./intodoingsth.說服某人做某事;②persuadesb.nottodosth./outofdoingsth.說服某人不做某事;③persuadesb.ofsth.使某人相信某事;④persuadesb.that...使某人相信......?!咀⒁狻竣賞ersuadesb.todosth./intodoingsth.表示“說服某人做某事”強調(diào)結(jié)果;②advisesb.todosth/trytopersuadesb.todosth表示“勸說/試圖說服某人做某事”,強調(diào)動作,不一定說服。練習(xí):1.Anadvertisementuseswordsandpicturestopersuadepeople(buy)aproductorservice,ortobelieveinanidea.2.Whileshopping,peoplesometimescan’thelp(persuade)intobuyingsomethingtheydon’treallyneed.3.Thenumberofdeathsfromheartdiseasewillbereducedgreatlyifpeople(persuade)toeatmorefruitandvegetables.4.Hepersuadedme(不去參加)totheparty.5.Itwillbedifficultto(使他們相信)there’snootherchoice.6.Thedirector(試圖說服)hertoplayapartinhisnewfilm,butsherejected.單元語法——動詞不定式作定語和結(jié)果狀語一、動詞不定式概述動詞不定式是英語語法的一個重要項目。它跟動名詞現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞一樣,同屬于非謂語動詞。除了不能單獨作謂語外,動詞不定式可用來作句子的主語、賓語、賓補、定語和狀語。to是不定式符號,但有時候不帶to,有時候可以省略to。不定式無人稱和數(shù)的變化,雖然不能單獨作句子的謂語,但它具備動詞的基本特征,可以有自己的賓語和狀語有時態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化。不定式具有動詞特征,因此有一般式、完成式、進行式等時態(tài)形式,以及主動式、被動式兩種語態(tài)形式。它的各種形式如下表所示(以動詞do為例):時態(tài)形式語態(tài)形式主動式被動式一般式todotobedone完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone進行式tobedoing否定形式在不定式符號to前加not1.不定式的一般式(一般體)不定式的一般式用得最多,通常與謂語動詞表示的動作同時發(fā)生。但在很多情況下,不定式表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞之后。例:Iamverygladtomeetyouhereagain.2.不定式的完成式(完成體)例:Thefirewasthoughttohavestartedinanupstairsroom.3.不定式的進行式(進行體)不定式的進行式表示的動作與謂語動詞表示的動作同時進行。例:Heseemstobeworryingaboutsomething.【注意】不定式與謂語動詞表示的時間關(guān)系分析:①一般式:一般式往往表示其動作在謂語動詞之后發(fā)生。例:Itseemstorainthisafternoon.例句說明,“今天下午看起來要下雨”,rain應(yīng)在seem之后發(fā)生。②進行式:進行式往往表示不定式的動作與謂語動詞同時發(fā)生。例:Itseemstoberainingoutside.例句說明,“外面好像正在下雨”(指在室內(nèi)聽見外面有下雨的聲音或看見有下雨的跡象),rain和seem同時發(fā)生③完成式:完成式表示不定式的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前。例:Itseemstohaverainedlastnight.例句說明,“昨晚好像下了雨”(指早晨起床后發(fā)現(xiàn)地面潮濕,有下雨的跡象,才做出如此判斷),rain發(fā)生在seem之前。4.不定式的被動式:當(dāng)動詞不定式的邏輯主語是不定式動作的承受者時要用其被動形式。例:Thestudentswanttobesenttoworkinthecountryside.(與主語是被動關(guān)系)Hewantedthelettertobetypedatonce.(與賓語是被動關(guān)系)5.不定式的否定式:通常情況下,不定式的否定式是在to之前加not。例:I’vealreadytoldyounottoeover.6.不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)和邏輯主語不定式都有自己的邏輯主語,它可能是句子的主語、賓語或表語。如果都不是,則用for引出新的邏輯主語,即forsb.todosth.。這類帶有邏輯主語的不定式,稱為“不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)”。(1)邏輯主語是句子中的某個成分。例:Ihaveseveralemailstosendtoday.今天我有些電子郵件要發(fā)。(tosend的邏輯主語是I)(2)由for引出不定式的邏輯主語。例:It’smonforleavestofallfromthetreesinautumn.在秋季樹葉從樹上落下來,這是很平常的。(作主語)(3)由of引出不定式的邏輯主語。在Itis+adj+todosth.結(jié)構(gòu)中,如果形容詞描述邏主語的性質(zhì)、品質(zhì)、特征,用of引出邏輯主語。這時,邏輯主語與前面的形容詞存在主表關(guān)系。例:Itiskindofyoutohelpus.(=You

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