2023屆陜西省咸陽市高三一模英語 含解析

咸陽市2023年高考模擬檢測(cè)（一）

英語試題

注意事項(xiàng)：

1.本試卷共10頁，全卷滿分150分，答題時(shí)間為120分鐘；

2.答卷前，考生須準(zhǔn)確填寫自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)，并認(rèn)真核準(zhǔn)條形碼上的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào);

3.回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如

需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其它答案標(biāo)號(hào)。回答非選擇題時(shí)，將答案寫在答題卡上。

寫在本試卷上無效。

4.考試結(jié)束后，監(jiān)考員將答題卡按順序收回，裝袋整理;試題不回收。

第一部分：聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）

做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂

到答題卡上。

第一節(jié)（共5小題，每小題1.5分,滿分7.5分）

聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選

項(xiàng)。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅

讀一遍。

例：Howmuchistheshirt?

A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.

答案是C。

1.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】

HowdidthemanIeamhisbasketballskills?

A.Fromhisschoolteam.B.Fromhisbrother.C.Fromhisworkteam.

【答案】B

【解析】

【原文】W:Ididn,tknowthatyoucouldplaybasketballsowell.Didyouplayinhighschool?

M:Notreally.MybrotherplayedincollegesoIusedtopracticewithhim.

W:Awesome.Ourcompanyteamcouldreallyneedyourhelp!

2.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】

Whatwilltheboydofirst?

A.Watchamovie.B.Havedinner.C.Finishhishomework.

【答案】B

【解析】

【原文】W:Beforeyouwatchthatmovie,youmustfinishallofyourhomeworkandcleanyourroom.

M:OK,Mum.IpromiseI,llfinisheverythingafterwe,veeatendinner.

3.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】

WheredidSallybuyhershirt?

A.Atthedepartmentstore.B.Atanexpensivestore.C.OntheInternet.

【答案】A

【解析】

【原文】M:That,ssuchaniceshirt,Sally.Itlookslikeitmightbequiteexpensive.

W:Itmaylookexpensive,butitonlycost20atthedepartmentstore.

M:Iusuallybuymyclothingonline.MaybeIwillgotherenexttime.

4.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】

Howdoestheboyfeelabouthisexam?

A.Proud.B.Pleased.C.Disappointed.

【答案】C

【解析】

［原文］M:HowcouldIbesostupid?TheanswerwasrightinfrontofmeandIstillputthewrongone.Ofcourse

abluewhaleislargerthananelephant!

W:Itwillbefine.Youstillpassedthetest.Yourparentswillnotbeangrywithyou.

M:Iknow,butIreallywantedthatperfectscoresomyparentswouldbeproud.ItwastheonlyquestionIgotwrong.

5.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】

Whatdoesthewomanprobablydo?

A.Sheisachef.B.Sheisawaitress.C.Sheisamanager.

【答案】A

【解析】

【原文】M:Thecustomersattablefourwantyoutoknowthattheirdinnerwasdelicious.

W:Iamglad.IwasafraidtheywouldnotlikethegreenbeansImade.

M:Allofthewaiterssaytheircustomerslovethem.Weshouldaskthemanagertoconsiderputtingthemonthe

menupermanently.

第二節(jié)（共15小題，每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）

聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)

中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，

各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。

聽下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】

6.Wheredoesthemanwanttogo?

A.Tohisoffice.B.Toabusstation.C.Tothecentrallibrary.

7.Howdoesthewomansoundtotheman?

A.Thankful.B.Sympathetic.C.Confused.

【答案】6.C7.B

【解析】

【原文】M:Janet,ΓmsogladIfoundyou!Doyouworkcloseby?

W:Yes,Γmjustwalkingbackfromlunchnow.Doyouneedhelp?

M:Yes.ΓmtryingtofindtherightbustotakemetothecentralIibraiy.

W:LetmetakethesepapersuptomyofficeandthenI,lldriveyouthere.

M:Thankssomuch.Idon,thaveamapandmyphoneisdead.

W:Noproblem.Γmsorryabouthowconfusingitisforyoubeingnewintown.

M:Great.ΓmgladIaskedyou,thanksagain!

聽下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】

8.Whyisthemanupset?

A.Hehastofixhiscar.

B.Hedoesn,tlikethesnow.

C.Hehasbeentoobusywithwork.

9.Whenwillthespeakersmeet?

A.At4:00.B.At12:00.C.At12:30.

10.Wherewillthemangonext?

A.Theoffice.B.Thetrainstation.C.Thewoman,shouse.

【答案】8.A9.C10.A

【解析】

【原文】M:IfIhavetospendanymoremoneyonmycar,Pllbesoangry!

W:Isawyoupassmyhousetheotherday.Itlookedfinethen.

M:?leftitparkedinthesnowtheotherdayandthenitwouldn,tstart.

W:Itookamechanicscourseinhighschool.CanIhelp?

M:It,sOK.IthoughttherewasabigproblemwiththeenginebutΓmprettysureit,sjustthebattery.

W:Wecantakethetraindowntowntogotothecarsupplyshop.I,msurewecanfindyouanewbattery.

M:Thatsoundsgood.I,vegotabouttwomorehoursofworktodoattheoffice.Wecangoafter.

W:OK,thestoreclosesaround4:00solet'smeetinfrontofthetrainstationatnoon.

M:12:30isbetter.Seeyouthen!

聽下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】

11.Whatisthematterwiththeman,ssonatschool?

A.Hedoesn,tdowellintests.

B.Heislonelywithfewfriends.

C.Heiseasilydistractedinclass.

12.Whatdoesthewomansuggesttheman,ssondo?

A.Makemorenewfriends.

B.Havemorechallenginghomework.

C.Practicemorebeforetests.

13.Whafstheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?

A.Wifeandhusband.B.Teacherandparent.C.Friends.

【答案】ILA12.C13.B

【解析】

【原文】M:Thanksformeetingwithmetotalkaboutmyson.

W:Mypleasure,?wantedtotellyouthatyoursonisverysmartbutishavingsomeissues.

M:?thinkheIeamsquitefastandhegetsalongsowellwithotherstudents.Whatistheproblem?

W:Iagree.Hehassomanyfriendsandheusuallypaysattentioninclass,buthehastroublewhentesting.

M:Isee.Whatwouldyousuggesthedotoimprove?

W:Ithinkheshoulddoafewpracticetestsathomebeforeexaminations.

M:Shouldhehavemorechallenginghomeworkandreadingaswell?

W:Idon,tthinkthatisnecessary.Hejustgetsverynervousbeforetesting.

M:Isee.Maybeifhehadmorepracticeitwouldbeeasierforhim.Thankyouforthesuggestion.

W:Iwillbecheckingthenotesheistakinginclassandwatchinghisprogress.Youcancomebacktotheschool

nextmonthandwecantalkagain.

M:Thankssomuchagain.

聽下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題。【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】

14.Wherearethewoman,sparentsstayingbeforetheyretire?

A.InNewYork.B.InCalifornia.C.InFlorida.

15.Whatwillthemandoafterhighschoolgraduation?

A.Travelaroundtheworld.

B.AttenduniversityinBoston.

C.Takeapart-timejob.

16.Whendidtheman4takeacampustour?

A.Lastweek.B.Yesterday.C.Lastmonth.

【答案】14.A15.B16.C

【解析】

【原文】M:MyparentsstartedtopackupourhouseyesterdaytogetreadytomovetoFloridaafterourhighschool

graduation.

W:It,llbesohotiftheymovetherethissummer.MinearestayinginNewYorkuntiltheyretire.

M:Itwillbuttheydon,tneedtostayherebecauseI,llbelivingelsewhere.Istillwishtheywouldstayinthe

northcastoftheU.S.though.

W:Myparentsareonlystayingbecausemylittlesisterisstillinhighschool.Whereareyougoingtouniversity?

M:IwasapplyingtoschoolsinCalifornia,butIonlygotintoschoolsinBoston.

W:Oh,IsawyouhadasweatshirtfromNewYorkUniversity.Ithoughtyoumightbegoingthere.

M:Mydadreallywantedmetogotherebecausethatwashisuniversity.Iappliedlastmonthandwentonacampus

tour,butIdidn,tgetaccepted.

W:IvisiteditlastweekaswellbutIalsodidn,tgetin.Γmgoingtotakeayear-offinstead.

M:Wow,Ican,tbelieveit.Whatwillyoubedoinghereforthewholeyear?

W:Γllmostlyjustdoboringpart-timejobsinthecitybutI,mstilllookingforwardtoit.

聽下面一段獨(dú)白，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】

17.WhoisAnna?

A.AnOPeratO匚B.Anassistant.C.Arider.

18.Whatisthespeakerexplaining?

A.Whatarideoperatorshoulddo.

B.Howtheyshouldtakeapictureontheride.

C.Whatrulestheyarefortheride.

19.Whathappenedearliertodaytoarider?

A.Hissafetybeltbroke.

B.Helosthisphoneontheride.

C.Hewasremovedfromtheparkforspitting.

20.Whatwilltheaudiencedonext?

A.Boardthecar.

B.AskAnnasomequestions.

C.Getsomefoodanddrinks.

【答案】17.B18.C19.B20.A

【解析】

【原文】Caneveryonehearme?Okay.MynameisWill.IamtherideoperatorandthisismyassistantAnna.

Ijustwanttogooverafewruleswitheveryonebeforeweboard,asitisparkpolicythatIletyouallknowbefore

wecangettothefun.Pleasekeepallyourquestionsuntiltheend.Thereisnofoodordrinksallowedontheride.

Pleaseremoveallitemsfromyourpocketsbeforeboarding.Itcanbedangerousforyourfellowridersifacoinor

cellphonefallsoutduringmotion.Youmaynotbeabletorecoveranythingthatlosesduringtheride.Therehas

alreadybeenonelostcellphonetoday,becauseapersondecidedtheywantedtotakeapictureduringtheride.Please

takeoffanyhatsorIoosejeweliythatcannotbesafelycoveredbyyourclothing.Keepinmind,theamusementpark

isnotresponsibleforanylostorstolenitems.Annawashereonthedayawomanlostherdiamondearrings.All

handsandfeetmustremaininsidethecaratalltimes.Spittingofftheridewillnotbetolerated.Ifyouarecaught,

youwillberemovedfromthepark.Arethereanyquestionssofar?No?Thenyoumayboard,fourpeopleperrow.

PleasemoveallthewaytotheleftandwaitformeorAnnatomakesureyoursafetybeltissecured.

第二部分：閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）

第一節(jié)（共15小題，每小題2分，滿分30分）

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該

項(xiàng)涂黑。

A

TicketInformation

Duetoextremelyhighdemand,ticketsforthethreetraditionalend-of-yearconcertsoftheVienna

PhilhannonicaredrawnexclusivelyontheViennaPhilhaπnonicwebsite.Inthisway,peopleworldwidehavean

equalchancetopurchasethesehighlydesiredtickets.

ApplicationPeriod:February1-28,2023

Duringthisperiod,interestedpersonscanapplyonthiswebsiteforticketstothePreviewPerformance,the

NewYear,sEveConcert,andtheNewYear,sConcert.Thefirststeptowardmakinganapplicationforticketsisto

registerforthedrawing.TheregistrationisseparatefromyouruseraccountfortheWebshopandisspecifically

forthedrawing.Userscanentertheirticketpreferencesfortheupcomingconcertsduringtheapplicationperiod.

PriceCategories

ThenumberofticketsfortheNewYear,sConcertislimitedtotwo,andthenumberofticketsforthePreview

PerformanceandNewYear,sEveConcertcanbeuptofour.Theticketpricesrangebetween35€and1200€for

theNewYear,sConcert,25€and860€fortheNewYear,sEveConcert,andbetween20€and495€forthe

PreviewPerformance.Ifyouwishtochangeyourapplication,youmayonlydosoduringtheapplicationperiod.

InMarch,youwillknowtheresultsofthedrawing.

WhenShouldIApply?

Withintheone-monthapplicationperiod,theactualtimeofapplicationisirrelevant.Anapplicationmadeon

February1hasthesamechancesasanapplicationmadeonFebruary28.Theonlywaytoobtainticketsforthese

concertsisbytakingpartintheonlinedrawing!Requestssubmittedthroughthepostalsystem,bye-mailorby

anyothermeanswillnotbeconsidered!

21.Whocouldbemostinterestedinthisinformation?

A.Awebsitedesigner.B.Apaintinglover.

C.Amusicfan.D.Atouristguide.

22.Whatdoyouhavetodotogettickets?

A.Applyonemonthinadvance.B.Participateinthedrawing.

C.Sende-mailstothewebshop.D.Usethesamenameastheuseraccount.

23.HowmuchmustyoupayatleastfortwoticketsforthePreviewPerformance?

A.706.B.25€.C.50€.D.40€.

【答案】21.C22.B23.D

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要提供了音樂會(huì)的一些售票信息。

[21題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Duetoextremelyhighdemand,ticketsforthethreetraditionalend-of-yearconcerts

oftheViennaPhilharmonicaredrawnexclusivelyontheViennaPhilharmonicWebSite.（由于需求極高，維也納

愛樂的三場(chǎng)傳統(tǒng)年終音樂會(huì)只能在維也納愛樂樂團(tuán)網(wǎng)站上購票）”可知，文章介紹的音樂會(huì)門票的相關(guān)信

息。由此推知，音樂迷會(huì)對(duì)這些信息最感興趣。故選C。

【22題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中uTheregistrationisseparatefromyouruseraccountfortheWebshopandis

SPeCifiCalIyfOrthedraWing.（注冊(cè)是獨(dú)立于您的用戶帳戶的網(wǎng)上商店，是專門為繪圖）”可知，參與繪圖才

能買到票。故選B。

【23題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Theticketpricesrangebetween35€and1200€fortheNewYear,sConcert,25€

and860€fortheNewYear,sEveConcert,andbetween20€and495€forthePreviewPerfbmlanCe.（新年音樂

會(huì)的票價(jià)在35歐元到1200歐元之間，跨年音樂會(huì)的票價(jià)在25歐元到860歐元之間，預(yù)覽演出的票價(jià)在

20歐元到495歐元之間）”可知，兩張預(yù)演的票至少要40€。故選D。

B

BorninRussiaandlivinginanorphanage（孤兒院）forthefirst13monthsofherlife,JessicaLonghadno

ideawhatherfuturewouldhold.ThelittlegirlbornwithFibularHemimeliawouldnotonlygoontobea13-time

goldmedal-winningParalympicchampion,butshewouldinspireotherstochasetheirdreams.

LongwasborninRussia,whereshelivedinanorphanageuntilherparentsadoptedherin1993.Soonafter

beingadopted,shehadtohaveherlegsamputated（截肢）atonlyayearandahalf.??Itgavemealotoffreedomand

movement/'Longsaid.??Butgrowingupwasdefinitelyreallyhard.FromaVeryearlyage,IjustdecidedthatIwas

goingtobeunstoppableandIwasn,tgoingtoletmylegsholdmeback."Fromthatpointforward,shedidn,tlet

anyonetellherwhatshewasorwasn,tcapableofdoing.Shestarteddoinggymnasticsasakid.Then,in2002,Long

foundhersportforlife:swimming!

'Twastheonlygirlwithnolegsontheswimteam,,,shesaid.44ThereweremomentsIstruggled,butmy

teammatestreatedmelikeafriend.WhenIlookbackonmylifeandIthinkaboutanyoneonthatteam,noone

madefunofmeforhavingnolegsandtheyweresokind."Longdefied（頂?。゛lloddsandsu?prisedeveryone

whenshequalifiedatageonly12fortheParalyinpicsin2004inAthens.AfterfourParalympics,Longhaswon13

gold,sixsilver,andfourbronzemedals.ShehasdozensofWorldChampionshipmedalsandhasbrokennumerous

worldrecordsthroughouthercareersofar.Butshedidn,tconcentrateonwinningawardsorbeingfamous.uIreally

justloveswimming,lt,simportantforanyathletetorememberjustwhyyoustarted,,,shesaid.

Asoneofthemostdecoratedathletesinhistory,Long,sgoalistojustkeepcompetingaslongasherbody

allows.uDreambigJshesaid."Therearesomanypossibilitiesoutthere,sofindyourpassion,beconsistentand

workhard.Youdefineyourownsuccess.^^

24.HowoldwasLongwhenshefoundherlifesport?

A.11B.10.C.12.D.13.

25.WhatmadeJessicadeterminetodevoteherselftoswimming?

A.Herexperienceofwinning13goldmedals.

B.Herparents9supportandteachers,help.

C.Herteammates5understandingandkindness.

D.Herfocusonwinningawardsandfame.

26.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.Apoororphanageandherclosefriends.

B.Ahappygirlandherconfusingchildhood.

C.Anamazingillnessanditsterribleinfluence.

D.Aninspiringstoryaboutanunluckyperson.

27.WhichofthefollowingmayLongmostagreewith?

A.Ifyoucandreamit,youcanmakeit.

B.Ifyouwanttosucceed,Ieamtoswim.

C.Amanneverreachessuccessuntildisabled.

D.Asportsman,sgoaliswinninggoldmedals.

【答案】24.B25.C26.D27.A

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。講述了殘疾遠(yuǎn)動(dòng)員杰西卡?朗克服身體限制，努力奮斗，成為了13枚殘奧

會(huì)金牌得主的故事。

【24題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“BominRussiaandlivinginanorphanageforthefirst13monthsofherlife,

JessicaLonghadnoideawhatherfuturewouldhold.（杰西卡?朗出生于俄羅斯，在她生命的前13個(gè)月住在

孤兒院，她不知道自己的未來會(huì)是什么樣子）”以及第二段中uLongwasbominRussia,whereshelivedin

anorphanageuntilherparentsadoptedherin1993.（朗出生在俄羅斯，在1993年被父母收養(yǎng)之前，她一直住

在一家孤兒院）”可知，朗是在1992年出生的，再根據(jù)第二段中"Then,in2002,Longfoundhersportfor

life:swimming!（然后，在2002年，朗找到了她一生的運(yùn)動(dòng)：游泳!）”可知，她是在10歲時(shí)找到游泳這項(xiàng)

終身運(yùn)動(dòng)的。故選B項(xiàng)。

【25題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中"ThereweremomentsIstruggled,butmyteammatestreatedmelikeafriend.

WhenIlookbackonmylifeand[thinkaboutanyoneonthatteam,noonemadefunofmeforhavingnolegsand

theyweresokind.侑些時(shí)候我很掙扎，但我的隊(duì)友們像朋友一樣對(duì)待我。當(dāng)我回顧我的人生，想到游泳隊(duì)

里的每一個(gè)人，沒有人因?yàn)槲覜]有腿而取笑我，他們都很善良）”可推知，杰西卡也曾掙扎過，但是隊(duì)友

的理解和善良讓她堅(jiān)持下去了。故選C項(xiàng)。

【26題詳解】

主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段"BominRussiaandlivinginanorphanageforthefirst13monthsofherlife,Jessica

Longhadnoideawhatherfuturewouldhold.ThelittlegirlbornwithFibularHemimeliawouldnotonlygoon

tobea13-timegoldmedal-winningParalympicchampion,butshewouldinspireotherstochasetheirdreams.（杰

西卡?朗出生于俄羅斯，在她生命的前13個(gè)月住在孤兒院，她不知道自己的未來會(huì)是什么樣子。這個(gè)天

生患有腓骨半足癥的小女孩不僅成為了13枚殘奧會(huì)金牌得主，而且還激勵(lì)了其他人去追逐他們的夢(mèng)想）”

以及最后一段"Asoneofthemostdecoratedathletesinhistory,Long,sgoalistojustkeepcompetingaslongas

herbodyallows.liDreambig,“sheSaid."Therearcsomanypossibilitiesoutthere,sofindyourpassion,be

consistentandworkhard.YoudefineyourownSUCCeSs.''（作為歷史上獲得榮譽(yù)最多的運(yùn)動(dòng)員之一，朗的目標(biāo)

是只要她的身體允許，就繼續(xù)比賽?！耙羞h(yuǎn)大的夢(mèng)想，”她說?！坝刑嗟目赡苄?，所以找到你的激

情，堅(jiān)持不懈，努力工作。你自己定義自己的成功?！埃笨芍?，本文主要是通過講述杰西卡的故事，來

激勵(lì)他人，也就是一個(gè)關(guān)于不幸的人的鼓舞人心的故事。故選D項(xiàng)。

【27題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后第一段中“Asoneofthemostdecoratedathletesinhistoιy,Long,sgoalistojustkeep

competingaslongasherbodyallows.44Dreambig,"shesaid."Therearesomanypossibilitiesoutthere,sofind

yourpassion,beconsistentandworkhard.YoudefineyourownSUCCeSs."（作為歷史上獲得榮譽(yù)最多的運(yùn)動(dòng)員

之一，朗的目標(biāo)是只要她的身體允許，就繼續(xù)比賽?！耙羞h(yuǎn)大的夢(mèng)想，”她說。“有太多的可能性，

所以找到你的激情，堅(jiān)持不懈，努力工作。你自己定義自己的成功?！埃笨芍?，杰西卡認(rèn)為只要有夢(mèng)

想，你就要堅(jiān)持下去，就能做到，所以她會(huì)同意A項(xiàng)"Ifyoucandreamit,youcanmakeit.（如果你能夢(mèng)

想，你就能做到）”。故選A項(xiàng)。

C

NeUroSCientiStS（神經(jīng)科學(xué)家）nowknowthatbrainmaturation（成熟）occursfarlaterthanpreviouslythought.

Greatchangesinbrainarestilltakingplaceduringyoungadulthood,especiallyintheregionsthatareimportantfor

planningahead,expectingthefutureresultsofone'sdecisions,andcomparingriskandreward.Indeed,somebrain

regionsdonotreachfullmaturityuntiltheearly20s.Shouldthisnewknowledgemakeusrethinkwherewedraw

legalboundariesbetweenkidsandadults?

Maybe.Butit,snotassimpleasitseemsfortworeasons.

First,differentbrainregionsmaturealongwithdifferenttimetables.Thereisnosingleageatwhichthe

adolescentbrainbecomesanadultbrain.Systemsresponsibleforlogicalreasoningmaturewhenpeopleare16,but

thoseinvolvedinself^regulationarestilldevelopinginyoungadulthood.Thisiswhy16-year-oldsarejustascapable

asadultswhenitcomestopermittinginformedmedicalpapers,butarestillimmatureinwaysthatreducetheir

criminalresponsibility,astheSupremeCourthasnotedinseveralrecentcases.UsingdiAferentagesfordifferent

legalboundariesseemsstrange,butitwouldmakeneuro-scientificsenseifwediditreasonably.

Second,sciencehasneverhadmuchinfluenceonthesedecisions.Ifitdid,wewouldn,thavelivedinasociety

thatallowsteenagerstodrivebeforetheycanbuybeer.Ageboundariesaredrawnmainlyforpoliticalreasons,not

scientificones.IfsapitythatNeurosciencewon,thavemuchofanimpactonpoliticsalthoughitisalwayscorrect.

Childrenaresochangeableintheirgrowthandhowculturesunderstandchilddevelopmentissodifferent.Itis

pointlesstotrytodeterminethe“right"ageofmaturation.TheDutch,forexample,allowchildrentodrinkalcohol

attheageof16butnottodriveuntiltheyare19.EvenifIfirmlybelievelegaldecisionsshouldrefertoNeuroscience

seriouslyandit,sagoodideatolowerthedrinkingageandraisethedrivingageintheUS,Irecognizethatthe

governmentmightneveracceptit.

28.Whatcanwelearnaboutbrainmaturationaccordingtothepassage?

A.AUthebrainareasbecomematureatthesametime.

B.Scientists,brainmaturesmuchearlierthanpoliticians,.

C.Theregioninchargeoflogicalreasoningisn,tmatureuntil18.

D.Thetimeofbrainmaturationisnotasearlyasthoughtbefore.

29.Whatistheauthor,sattitudetowardsNeuroscience?

A.Favorable.B.Skeptical.C.Indifferent.D.Intolerant.

30.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?

A.It,sillegalforaDutchboytodriveattheageof16.

B.ThecultureoftheDutchismuchbetterthantheUSA.

C.Ifsofgreatvaluetodeterminetherightageofmaturation.

D.Theinfluenceofscienceonlawandpolicymakingisveιybig.

31.Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.ShouldChildrenLeamfromCapableAdults?

B.CanNeuroscienceCreateMatureScientists?

C.ShouldNeuroscienceAflfectLawDecisions?

D.CanChildrenDriveandDrinkBeerLikeAdults?

【答案】28.D29.A30.A31.C

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇議論文。本文主要議論了神經(jīng)科學(xué)家對(duì)人大腦的成熟有了新的認(rèn)知，即大腦成熟的時(shí)

間比以前認(rèn)為的要晚一些，由此是否應(yīng)該讓我們重新思考孩子和成年人之間的法律界限，即神經(jīng)科學(xué)的結(jié)

論能否影響法律決定的制定，但實(shí)際而言事情看上去并不是那么簡(jiǎn)單，由此文章解釋了兩個(gè)原因，即對(duì)該

問題進(jìn)行了否定回答。

【28題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中''Neuroscientists（神經(jīng)科學(xué)家）nowknowthatbrainmaturation（成熟）occursfar

IaterthanPreViOUSIythOUght.（神經(jīng)科學(xué)家現(xiàn)在知道，大腦成熟的時(shí)間比以前認(rèn)為的要晚得多。）“可知，大

腦成熟的時(shí)間并不像以前想象的那么早。故選D。

【29題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中"It'sapitythatNeurosciencewon'thavemuchofanimpactonpolitics

althoughitisalWaySCorreCt.（雖然神經(jīng)科學(xué)總是正確的，但遺憾的是它不會(huì)對(duì)政治產(chǎn)生太大的影響。）”以

及最后一段uEvenifIfirmlybelievelegaldecisionsshouldrefertoNeuroscienceseriouslyandit'sagoodidea

tolowerthedrinkingageandraisethedrivingageintheUS（即使我堅(jiān)信法律決定應(yīng)該認(rèn)真參考神經(jīng)科學(xué)，在

美國(guó)降低飲酒年齡和提高駕駛年齡是個(gè)好主意）”可知，作者認(rèn)為神經(jīng)科學(xué)給出的結(jié)論是正確的，只是它

沒有受到政治的關(guān)注，未對(duì)政治產(chǎn)生重大影響。由此推斷作者對(duì)神經(jīng)科學(xué)持有的是支持的態(tài)度。故選

Ao

【30題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中"TheDutch,forexample,allowchildrentodrinkalcoholattheageof?6butnot

t。driveuntiltheyare19.（例如,荷蘭允許16歲的孩子喝酒,但直到19歲才能開車。）”可知，荷蘭是允

許16歲的孩子喝酒的，但是19歲才能開車即19歲以下開車是違法的。故選A。

【31題詳解】

主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段"Neuroscientists（神經(jīng)科學(xué)家）nowknowthatbrainmaturation（成熟）occursfar

IaterthanPreViOUSIythOUght.（神經(jīng)科學(xué)家現(xiàn)在知道，大腦成熟的時(shí)間比以前認(rèn)為的要晚得多。）“；以及本

段中“Shouldthisnewknowledgemakeusrethinkwherewedrawlegalboundariesbetweenkidsandadults?（這

一新知識(shí)是否會(huì)讓我們重新思考孩子和成年人之間的法律界限？）”以及第二段中“Maybe.Butit，SnOtaS

SimPleaSitSeemSfbrtWoreaSOnS.（也許吧。但事情并不像看上去那么簡(jiǎn)單，原因有二。）“可知，本文主要

議論了神經(jīng)科學(xué)家對(duì)人大腦的成熟有了新的認(rèn)知，即大腦成熟的時(shí)間比以前認(rèn)為的要晚一些，由此是否

應(yīng)該讓我們重新思考孩子和成年人之間的法律界限，即神經(jīng)科學(xué)的結(jié)論能否影響法律決定的制定，但實(shí)

際而言事情看上去并不是那么簡(jiǎn)單，由此文章解釋了兩個(gè)原因，即對(duì)該問題進(jìn)行了否定回答。故C選項(xiàng)

“ShouldNeuroscienceAffectLawDecisions?（神經(jīng)科學(xué)會(huì)影響法律決策嗎？）”符合文章標(biāo)題。故選C。

D

Bothlab-grownandplant-basedalternativesareclosetothetasteandnutritionalvalueofrealmeatwithout

environmentaldamage.

TheUNexpectstheworldtohave9.8billionpeopleby2050.Bythatdateaccordingtothepredictions,

humanswillconsume70%moremeatthantheydidin2005.Anditturnsoutthatraisinganimalsforhuman

consumptionisamongtheworstthingswedototheenvironment.Dependingontheanimal,producingapoundof

meatproteinwithWesternindustrializedmethodsneeds4to25timesmorewater,6to17timesmoreland,and6

to20timesmorefossilfuelsthanproducingapoundofplantprotein.Theproblemisthatpeoplearen,tlikelyto

stopeatingmeatanytimesoon.Thismeanslab-grownandplant-basedalternativesmightbethebestwaytolimit

thedamage.

Makinglab-grownmeatinvolvesgettingmuscletissuefromanimalsandgrowingitinbioreactors.Theend

productlooksmuchlikewhatyou,dgetfromananimal,althoughresearchersarcstillworkingonthetaste.

ResearchersatMaastrichtUniversity,whoareworkingtoproducelab-grownmeatatscale,believethey,11havea

lab-grownburgeravailablebynextyear.Oneshortcomingoflab-grownmeatisthattheenvironmentalbenefits

arestillsmall-arecentWorldEconomicForumreportsaystheemissionsfromlab-grownmeatwouldbeonly

around7%lessthanemissionsfrombeefproduction.

Abetterenvironmentalcasecanbemadeforplant-basedmeatsfromcompanieslikeBeyondMeatFoods,

whichusepeaproteins,wheat,potatoes,andplantoilstomimictherealtasteofanimalmeat.Accordingtoan

analysisbytheCenterforSustainableSystemsattheUniversityofMichigan,aBeyondMeatpiewouldprobably

generate90%lessgreenhouse-gasemissionsthanatraditionalburgermadefromacow.

32.Whywerelab-grownandplant-basedmeatintroduced?

A.Toeatmoretastyanddeliciousmeat.B.Toreducedamagetotheenvironment.

C.Tohaveasmuchproteinaspeoplecan.D.Toridtheworldofseverehungerproblems.

33.Whatcanwelearnaboutlab-grownmeatfromParagraph3?

A.Makinglab-grownmeatinvolveskillinganimalsfirst.

B.Consuminglab-grownmeatcanberealizednextyear.

C.Thecostoflab-grownbeefis7%cheaperthanrealbeef

D.Thedamageoflab-grownmeattotheenvironmentisstillbig.

34.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"mimic“inParagraph4probablymean?

A.Copy.B.Ruin.C.Change.D.Sell.

35.Whereisthistextprobablytakenfrom?

A.Atextbook.B.Anexampaper.C.Asciencemagazine.D.Acourseplan.

【答案】32.B33.D34.A35.C

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了人們正在研發(fā)植物肉，說明了背后的原因以及存在的問題。

【32題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Anditturnsoutthatraisinganimalsforhumanconsumptionisamongtheworst

thingsWedototheenvironment.Dependingontheanimal,producingapoundofmeatproteinwithWestern

industrializedmethodsneeds4to25timesmorewater,6to17timesmoreland,and6to20timesmorefossil

fuelsthanproduci