2021高考人教版英語二輪專題復(fù)習(xí)《統(tǒng)考版》40分閱讀理解提分練（五）

40分閱讀理解提分練(五)閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分40分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。A[2020·濟(jì)南市高三年級學(xué)習(xí)質(zhì)量評估]CongratulationsonyourofferofadmissiontoStanfordUniversity(SU)!Allthoseadmittedtograduatestudymustinformusofyourdecisionstoacceptordecline.Toacceptordeclinetheofferofadmissionontheweb,youfirstneedtosetupyourStanfordUniversityNetworkIdentificationname(SUNetID).Approximately24hoursafterthat,youwillbeabletologintoAxesstoacceptordeclinetheoffer.CreatingaSUNetIDYouwillneedyourstudentIDnumbersenttoyoubySU.OntheStanfordUniversityAccountswebsite,choose“CreateanewSUNetID”andselectthefirstbutton(IhaveaUniversityID)andfollowtheinstructions.—LogintoAxessusingyourSUNetID.—Inthetopmenubar,hoverover(懸停)“STUDENT”forthe“NEWADMITS,GraduateAdmissionResponse”sectiontoberevealed.—Click“GraduateAdmissionResponse”toopentheresponsepage.—Afteryouhaveacceptedtheofferofadmission,youwillbeabletocreateyouremailaccountandaccessotherservices.AddressUpdatesInordertoreceiveimportantinformationbeforeyouarriveoncampus,itisessentialthatyoukeepyourmailingandemailaddressesuptodateinAxess.AdmissionDeferral(延期)RequestsAdmissionisofferedforaspecificacademicprogram.Departmentshavedifferentpoliciesonwhethertheywilldeferadmissionorrequireanewapplicationforlaterenrollment.Requeststodelayadmissionshouldbesubmittedinwritingtothegraduateprogramthatofferedadmission.YoucanseetheProgramListforcontactinformation.1．Whoisthistextintendedfor?A．SUofferreceivers.B．Collegegraduates.C．Stanfordapplicants.D．Universitystudents.2．WhatisrequiredtoaccepttheofferadmissiontoSU?A．Anemailaccount.B．AprogramlistofSU.C．Apersonalrequestletter.D．AnIDnumberfromSU.3．WhatdoesSUadvisestudentstodo?A．Updatecontactinformation.B．Renewtheapplicationletter.C．Accepttheofferofadmission.D．Arriveoncampusinadvance.B[2020·銀川市普通高中學(xué)科教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測]WithbushfirescontinuingtoswallowdifferentpartsofAustralia,alocalzooinNewSouthWalesthestatewhichistheeasiesttocatchfirehashittheheadlineswithaheartwarmingstory.Rightwithintherangeofabushfire,thekeepersofMogoWildlifeParkmanagedtoprotectall200animalsfromharmaftertheyreceivedevacuation(撤離)orders,accordingtoreports.Netizenswerequicktoreactonsocialmediaandpraisedthebraveryofthezookeepers,astheystayedandmanagedtoprotectanimalsfromuncontrolledfiresandevenshelteredsomeattheirownhouse.The40-year-oldzookeeper,ChadStaples,describedthesituationastheworstcatastrophe,whichfeltlikeArmageddon(大決戰(zhàn))here.Luckily,histeamhadmadeapreciseplanaheadoftimeincludingmovingeverythingflammable(易燃的)fromtheareaandthelargeranimalstosafeplaces.What'sremarkableisthatasthesmalleronesneededextrashelter,Staplesdecidedtotakethemtohisownhouse.“Rightnowinmyhousethereareanimalsofalldescriptionsinallthedifferentrooms.Theyaresafeandprotected...notasingleanimalislost，”hesaid.BBCnewsalsomentionedthat“there'satigertothebackofthehouse”.Somemediaoutletshighlightedthe“heroicjob”intheirheadlines.Onlineusersalsoreactedwiththumbs-upandweregladtoseeallthestaffandanimalsingthroughthehorrficfire.LocatedinthesoutherncoastofNewSouthWales,MogoWildlifeParkhousesAustralia'slargestcollectionofprimates,andmanydifferentanduniqueanimalssuchaszebras,giraffes,rhinosandredpandas.4．NewSouthWaleshitstheheadlinesbecauseof________.A．itsfamouszooB．itsendangeredanimalsC．theheartwarmingeventD．beingeasytocatchfire5．WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutMogoA．ItbelongstoChadStaples.B．Noneoftheanimalsismissing.C．Itmerelyholdsrareanimalspecies.D．Extrashelterswerebuiltforemergencies.6．WhichwordcanprobablydescribeChadStaples?A．Irresponsible.B．Considerate.C．Selfish.D．Energetic.7．Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?A．TheHeroicJob.B．TheHorrificFire.C．TheExtinctAnimals.D．TheBraveZooKeepers.C[2020·長沙市四校高三模擬]Reducing,reusing,andrecyclingisawayoflifeinSweden.Recyclingisrequiredbylawandgarbageissortedathomebeforeitgoestoarecyclingcenter.Recyclablesaresortedintosevencategoriesandrecyclingstationsarewithinjust300metersofallresidentialareas.“RecyclingalmosteverythingisamustinSwedennow.Itactuallyfeelsveryunfortablewhenyouvisitanothercountryandcan'tfindeasywaystorecycle，”saidOwenGaffney,anexpertatStockholmResilienceCentreandFutureEarth.Butnotallofitsgarbageisrecycled.Swedenusesalternativesthatincludeincineratinggarbagetomakeelectricityinsteadofusingfossilfuels(化石燃料)toheat1.2millionhomes.Abouthalfofhouseholdgarbageissenttooneofthe33waste-to-heatplants.Swedenisimportinggarbagefromothercountriestokeeptheseplantsrunning.Swedenisalsoaworldleaderinturningfoodwasteintoeco-friendlybiogas.Ithasmadefoodwastecollectionpulsorybeginningin2021.Thereisafoodwastebiogasplant,whichallowsbiogastobeusedtorunpublicbusesandtoheatapartmentbuildings.Swedennowwantstodealwiththoseremainingitemsthatcannotberecycledbyusingacircular(循環(huán)論證的)economyapproach.Itmeansthatproductscanbereusedandonlyrecycledwhenabsolutelynecessary.TheSwedishgovernmentformedanadvisorygrouptofindawayofmakingthispartofitsenvironmentalpolicy.Thiswillnotworkeffectivelyunlesspeoplearetaughttochangetheirbehavior.Nowthegovernmentisreformingitstaxcodesothatpeoplecouldgetcheaperrepairsorbuyusedthings.ThelargeSwedishclothingretailer(零售商)H&Moperatesarecyclingprogramthatgivescustomersdiscountswhentheybringbackoldclothing.Swedenisfightingclimatechangebydoingalltherightstuff.Wasterecyclingandtheplanstoswitchtoacirculareconomywillgoalongwayinreducingitscarbonfootprintandwillhelpstopglobalwarming.8．WhatdoweknowaboutSweden?A．Swedenimportshouseholdgarbageforbiogas.B．ItisconvenienttorecyclethingsinSweden.C．HalfofgarbageinSwedenisusedtoproduceheat.D．EverythingisrecycledafterbeingusedinSweden.9．WhatdoestheunderlinedwordinParagraph2mean?A．Burning.B．Treating.C．Throwing.D．Reusing.10．Whatdoestheadvisorygroupdo?A．Teachpeoplehowtosavefossilfuels.B．Conductasurveyaboutthelocaleconomy.C．Offeradviceonenvironmentalpolicy.D．Makesurethecitizensrecyclewisely.11．Howdoesthegovernmentencourageitscitizenstoreuse?A．Itprovidesvariousrecyclingprograms.B．Itcutsdowntaxesonnewproducts.C．Itgivesdiscountstoregularbuyers.D．Itofferslowerpricesforrepairs.D[2020·青島市高三練習(xí)診斷]KevinRandall,ateacher,whoteachesbiologyatGrandvilleHighSchool,runstheenvironmentalclubatthehighschool,whichhasaround2,000students.TheclubisknownastheGHSGreenTeam,anditaimstoraiseawarenessamongstudentsandteachersaboutsustainability(持續(xù)性).Italsoworksonprojectstoreducetheenvironmentalfootprintofthebuildingitself.Oneoftheclub'srecentprojectsfocusedonreducingwasteintheschoolcafeteria.Randallsaidtheircafeteriasupervisortoldthemthattheschoolwentthrough54,000plasticforkseveryyear.Theclubappliedforthefinancialhelp,builtrecyclingcentersforthecafeteria,andpurchasedmetalsilverware.Andnoweverystudentusesadurablemetalforkoraspooninsteadofdisposables(一次性用品),“andthat'sjustonewaywe'retryingtocapturethelow-hangingfruit,ifyouwill，”Randallsaid.TheeffortsofRandallandhisstudentshaveearnedGrandvilleHighSchooltheMichiganRandallsaidhewasmotivatedtotaketheleadonenvironmentalissuesforhisschoolbecausehewantedhisstudentstohavesomeonetoturntointhebuildingwhounderstandswhat'satstake(有風(fēng)險)whenitestoclimatechange.“AndIalsofeltlikeIneededtodomoreinmylifeformyowntwochildrenathome，”Randalladded.“Theyneedtoknowthattheirdadisworkingashardashecantoreducetheeffectsofclimatechange,andtospreadtheword,andtomakesurethatotherstudentsouttherearelearningaboutthisjustthewaytheyareathome.”12．WhatisthepurposeoftheGHSGreenTeamclub?A．Toinspirestudents'loveforbiology.B．Tofinishtheprojectsassignedbyschool.C．Topreparestudentsfortheirfuturejobs.D．Topromoteenvironmentalprotection.13．What'stheresultoftheprojectontheschoolcafeteria?A．Ithaschangedtheoutlookofthecafeteria.B．Studentscanhavemorefruitsinthecafeteria.C．Plasticforksarenolongerusedinthecafeteria.D．Theschoolhasbeefamousnationwide.14．What'sthefourthparagraphmainlyabout?A．Theclassificationoftheprojects.B．Thecharacteristicsoftheclub.C．Theactivitiesorganizedbytheclub.D．Thefutureoftheclub.15．WhatwasRandall'saimbydoingtheworkonenvironmentalissues?A．Toeducatetheyoung.B．Togetmaterialrewards.C．Toamusehischildren.D．Tomakehimselffamous.第二節(jié)(共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。[2020·武漢市高中畢業(yè)生質(zhì)量檢測]__16__Oneday,whenIwasperhapssixyearsold,Iwaswalkingwithmyfatheronacrowdedstreet.Allofasudden,thenormalflowofpedestriantrafficbackedupaspeopletriedtoavoidalargeobjectonthesidewalk.Tomyastonishment,theobjectturnedouttobeahumanbeing,amanlyingunconsciousagainstabuilding.__17__Certainlynoonemadeeyecontact.Aswewalkedby,myfather—themodelofaloving,caringgentleman—pointedtoabottleinapaperbagandtoldmethatthepoorsoulonthesidewalkjustneededtosleepitoff.Thenthedrunkenmanbegantomurmur(低語)senselessly.Myfatherwarnedmenottogonear,saying“Youneverknowhowhe'llreact.”__18__Ihadspenttheprevious12monthstravelinginpoorAsiancities,butevenbythosestandardsthiswasasceneofmisery.Inadditiontobeingdesperatelypoor,thelocalshadtoliveintheextremelyhotclimatewithridiculouslyhugecrowdsandafairlystrongwindblowingdusteverywhere.Suddenlyamancarryingahugebagofpeanutscalledoutinpainandfelltotheground.__19__Halfadozensellersranfromtheirstandstohelp,leavingunattendedwhatmighthavebeenthetotalityoftheirpossessions.Oneputablanketundertheman'shead;anotheropenedhisshirt;thethirdonequestionedhimcarefullyaboutthepain;thefourthonefetchedwater;thefifthonekeptonlookersfromcrowdingaroundtooclosely;thesixthoneranforhelp.__20__Theperformancecouldhavepassedforafinalexamataparamedic(護(hù)理人員)school.A．Ithenwitnessedanastonishingscene.B．Nooneofthepassers-byseemedtonoticethatitwasaman.C．ThiswastotallydifferentfromthebitterexperienceIhadinNewYork.D．Withinminutes,adoctorarrived,andtwootherlocalsjoinedintoassist.E．Isooncametoseethatday'slessonasbasicknowledgeforaNewYorker.F．I'llalwaysrememberalessonthatIlearnedasaboygrowingupinNewYorkCity.G．YetmanyyearslaterIhadaverydifferentexperiencewhilevisitingamarketinRangoon.40分閱讀理解提分練(五)第一節(jié)A語篇類型：說明文主題語境：人與社會——通知書——入學(xué)通知書[文章大意]文章介紹了收到斯坦福大學(xué)研究生錄取通知書的人如何在指定的網(wǎng)站上注冊賬號，以告知校方自己決定接受還是拒絕錄取通知書。1．答案與解析：A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵句“CongratulationsonyourofferofadmissiontoStanfordUniversity(SU)!Allthoseadmittedtograduatestudymustinformusofyourdecisionstoacceptordecline.”(第一段第一、二句)可知，本文的寫作對象是收到斯坦福大學(xué)研究生錄取通知書的人。故選A。2．答案與解析：D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵句“YouwillneedyourstudentIDnumbersenttoyoubySU.”(CreatingaSUNetID部分第一段第一句)可知，學(xué)生需要斯坦福大學(xué)發(fā)送的學(xué)生證號碼才能接受該大學(xué)的錄取通知書。故選D。3．答案與解析：A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵句“Inordertoreceiveimportantinformationbeforeyouarriveoncampus,itisessentialthatyoukeepyourmailingandemailaddressesuptodateinAxess.”(AddressUpdates部分)可知，斯坦福大學(xué)建議學(xué)生及時更新聯(lián)系方式。故選A。B語篇類型：記敘文主題語境：人與社會——熱點(diǎn)事件——動物園的飼養(yǎng)員救助動物的英勇事跡[文章大意]暖心故事成為新聞焦點(diǎn)——澳大利亞森林大火持續(xù)蔓延，Mogo野生動物園的飼養(yǎng)員們想方設(shè)法保護(hù)園內(nèi)動物免遭大火侵害，甚至在自己家里收容需要額外居所的較小動物。4．答案與解析：C考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“alocalzooinNewSouthWalesthestatewhichistheeasiesttocatchfirehashittheheadlineswithaheartwarmingstory”可知，位于最易著火的新南威爾士州的一家動物園以一則暖心的故事成為新聞焦點(diǎn)。故選C。5．答案與解析：B考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第六段中的“notasingleanimalislost”可知，B選項(xiàng)“沒有一只動物失蹤”正確。干擾項(xiàng)分析根據(jù)第五段“What'sremarkableisthatasthesmalleronesneededextrashelter,Staplesdecidedtotakethemtohisownhouse”可知，該公園沒有用來應(yīng)對突發(fā)事件的額外的避難所，所以Staples才決定把較小的動物帶回家，故D選項(xiàng)不對。6．答案與解析：B考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第五段內(nèi)容可知，因?yàn)檩^小的動物需要額外的避難所，Staples就決定把它們帶回自己家，由此可推知，ChadStaples是體貼的，故B項(xiàng)正確。irresponsible“不負(fù)責(zé)任的”；selfish“自私的”；energetic“精力充沛的”。技巧點(diǎn)撥褒貶排除法。文章頌揚(yáng)了動物園飼養(yǎng)員的事跡，而A、C兩項(xiàng)是兩個貶義詞，首先排除，D選項(xiàng)與文章大意不符，故也排除。7．答案與解析：D考查標(biāo)題判斷。本文主要頌揚(yáng)了Mogo野生動物園的飼養(yǎng)員在森林大火持續(xù)蔓延之際，將較大的動物們轉(zhuǎn)移到安全的地方，將較小的動物帶到自己家里，從而保護(hù)它們免遭大火侵害的英勇事跡，D項(xiàng)最適合作文章標(biāo)題。C語篇類型：說明文主題語境：人與自然——人與環(huán)境——分類回收和使用二手商品[文章大意]在瑞典，減少、再利用和回收是一種生活方式。瑞典政府鼓勵人們回收和使用二手商品，廢品先分類，再回收。8．答案與解析：B考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“Recyclablesaresortedintosevencategoriesandrecyclingstationsarewithinjust300metersofallresidentialareas”可知，在瑞典回收物品是很方便的。9．答案與解析：A考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第二段的第二句可知，瑞典通過焚燒化石燃料的替代品——垃圾來發(fā)電，為120萬個家庭供熱。畫線詞incinerating的意思是“焚燒”，與“Swedennowwants...approach”和burning同義。10．答案與解析：C考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“Swedennowwants...approach”和“TheSwedishgovernmentformedanadvisorygrouptofindawayofmakingthispartofitsenvironmentalpolicy”可知，瑞典政府成立了一個咨詢小組，目的是找到一個方法使通過循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)法處理不能被回收利用的產(chǎn)品的做法成為政府環(huán)境政策的一部分，即咨詢小組的職責(zé)就是為環(huán)境政策提供建議。11．答案與解析：D考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“Nowthegovernmentisreformingitstaxcodesothatpeoplecouldgetcheaperrepairsorbuyusedthings”可知，政府正在改革其