2024屆高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)課時(shí)提能練Unit3FoodandCulture新人教版選擇性必修第二冊含答案

Unit3FoodandCulture一、閱讀理解ARoughlyone-thirdofthefoodproducedintheworldforhumanconsumptioneveryyear—approximately1.3billiontonnes—getslostorwasted.AndinSingapore665，000tonnesoffoodwastewasproducedin2020，amountingto$342million，only19％ofwhichwasrecycled.ChuaKai-Ningandherpartner，PhuaJunWei，foundedInsecttain2017.TheyarebattlingSingapore’sfoodwastewiththehelpoftheblacksoldierflylarva—theimmatureformofafly."TheideabehindInsecttaisthatnothinggoestowaste，"saidChua."Wastecanbereimaginedasaresourceifwechangehowwethinkaboutourproductionmethods，andhowwedealwithwaste."Thewormsofblacksoldierfliesconsumeuptoeighttonsoffoodwastepermonth.Insecttacanthenflashdrythewormsintoanimalfeed，andusetheinsects’excrement（糞便）foragriculture.AccordingtoChua，Insecttaisextractingmorethanagriculture-relatedproductsfromblacksoldierflies."Duringtheresearchanddevelopment，werealizedthatalotofpreciousbiomaterialsthathavealreadygotmarketvaluecanbegainedfromtheseflies，"Chuasaid.Insecttahasdevelopedtechnologytogetbiomaterialsfromtheexoskeleton（外骨骼）theyleavebehind.Oneofthesebiomaterialsischitosan，anantimicrobial（抗菌的）materialsometimesusedinmakeupandmedicine.Insecttaaimstoeventuallyproduce500kilogramsofchitosanaday.InsecttaisnowworkingwithSingapore-basedSpaEspritGroupfortheuseofthechitosaninitsskincareproducts.ItalsojoinshandswiththefacemaskbrandVi-Mask，whichhopestousethechitosantomakeanantimicrobiallayerwithinitsproducts.世界上每年都有大量的食物被浪費(fèi)，新加坡的一家名為Insectta的公司利用黑水虻解決食品廢棄物，把黑水虻的糞便應(yīng)用于農(nóng)業(yè)，并從黑水虻的外骨骼中提取出了可用于化妝品和藥品等的材料?！驹~語積累】amountto總計(jì)，共計(jì)；等同于，相當(dāng)于joinhands攜手合作，聯(lián)合，合伙【長難句解讀】＂Duringtheresearchanddevelopment，werealizedthatalotofpreciousthat引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，biomaterials(thathavealreadygotmarketvalue)canbegainedfromtheseflies，＂Chuasaid.其中包含一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的定語從句譯文：Chua說："在研究和開發(fā)中，我們意識到，許多已經(jīng)有市場價(jià)值的珍貴的生物材料可以從這些黑水虻身上獲取。"1.Whatdothefiguresinparagraph1show？A.Thedifficultyinrecyclingfoodwaste.B.Theseriousnessoffoodwaste.C.Theurgencyofreducingfoodconsumption.D.Theeffortatbattlingfoodwaste.解析B推理判斷題。由第一段內(nèi)容可知，全世界每年有大約13億公噸的食物被浪費(fèi)，2020年新加坡產(chǎn)生了665000公噸食品廢棄物，其中只有19％得到了回收。由此可知，作者通過列數(shù)字的方式來表明食物浪費(fèi)的嚴(yán)重性，故選B項(xiàng)。2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"extracting"inparagraph3mean？A.Protecting. B.Obtaining.C.Learning. D.Recycling.解析B詞義猜測題。由第三段中的"usetheinsects’excrement（糞便）foragriculture"可知，該公司把黑水虻的糞便應(yīng)用于農(nóng)業(yè)，再結(jié)合下文可知，該公司還從黑水虻的外骨骼中獲取了抗菌生物材料。由此可推知，該公司從黑水虻身上獲取的不只是與農(nóng)業(yè)相關(guān)的產(chǎn)品，故畫線詞的含義應(yīng)是"獲取"，B項(xiàng)切題。3.Whatcanbeinferredaboutchitosan？A.Ithasawiderangeofuses.B.ItbringsfewprofitstoInsectta.C.Ithasbeenappliedtomasks.D.Itisfoundinthefly’sexcrement.解析A推理判斷題。由最后一段中的"usedinmakeupandmedicine""fortheuseofthechitosaninitsskincareproducts...tomakeanantimicrobiallayerwithinitsproducts"可知，這種抗菌材料可用于化妝品和藥物中，也可用于護(hù)膚產(chǎn)品中，還可用于口罩的抗菌層。由此可知，這種抗菌材料用途廣泛，故選A。4.Whichisthebesttitleforthetext？A.InsectsprovideawaytorecyclefoodwasteB.NewtechnologyisdevelopedtofightfoodwasteC.InsecttaisusinginsectstoturnwasteintotreasureD.Singaporeisbenefitingfromtheinsect-basedindustry解析C標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀全文可知，文章的主要內(nèi)容是：世界上每年都有大量的食物被浪費(fèi)，新加坡的一家名為Insectta的公司利用黑水虻解決食品廢棄物，把黑水虻的糞便應(yīng)用于農(nóng)業(yè)，還從黑水虻的外骨骼中提取出了可用于化妝品和藥品等的材料。C項(xiàng)做標(biāo)題最佳。B[科技創(chuàng)新/]DinersinJapanmaysoonbeabletocuttheirsaltintakewithoutneedingtosacrifice（犧牲）flavor.Researchersrecentlyannouncedtheydevelopedelectricchopsticksthatincreasesaltinessoffoods.Co-developedbyMeijiUniversityprofessorHomeiMiyashitaanddrinkproducerKirinHoldingsCompany，Limited，thechopsticksimprovetastesusingelectricalstimulationandamini-computerattachedtoawrist."Thedeviceusesaweakelectricalcurrenttosendsodiumions（鈉離子）fromfood，throughthechopsticks，tothemouthwheretheycreateasenseofsaltiness，"saidMiyashita."Asaresult，thesaltytasteincreasesby1.5times."Thetaste-improvingchopsticksmayhaveparticularrelevancetothetraditionaldietinJapan，whichtendstobehighinsalt.TheaverageJapaneseadulteatsabout10gramsofsalteachday.ThatisalmosttwotimestheamountsuggestedbytheWorldHealthOrganization.Highsodiumintakeislinkedtoincreasedcasesofhighbloodpressure，strokesandotherconditions."Topreventthesediseases，weneedtoreducetheamountofsaltwetake，"saidKirinresearcherAiSato.SatoaddedthatifJapanesepeopletrytoreducesaltintakeintheusualways，theywillneedtocutmanyoftheirfavoritefoodsfromtheirdiet.Otherwise，theywouldhavetoeatflavorlessfood."Iwanttooverturntheideathatlowsaltmeansnoflavor，"Miyashitadeclared."Thechopsticksmakeitpossibletokeepenjoyingthefoodswelove，andinahealthierway."Hewasconfidentthatthechopstickscanhelppeoplemakebetterdecisionsabouttheirdietandhopedtohavethemreadytosellasearlyasnextyear.Miyashitaandhisresearchteamhaveexploreddifferentwaysthattechnologycaninteractwithhumansenses.Hehasalsodevelopedatelevisionscreenthatapersoncanlick（舔）totastedifferentfoodflavors.Meanwhile，researchisalsounderwaytodevelopothereatingtoolswithspecialfunctionslikeelectricspoonsandforksusingtechnology.本文是說明文。日本的傳統(tǒng)飲食鹽味較重，過量的鈉的攝入增加了日本人患高血壓、中風(fēng)和其他相關(guān)疾病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。最近，日本的研究人員發(fā)明了一種電動(dòng)筷子，這種筷子可以在不額外增加食物的鹽含量的同時(shí)增加食物的咸味?！驹~語積累】intaken.（食物、飲料等的）攝取量，吸入量relevancen.關(guān)聯(lián)，有關(guān)overturnv.推翻underwayadj.在進(jìn)行中的【熟詞生義】1.current常用義：adj.當(dāng)前的，現(xiàn)在的文中義：n.電流2.condition常用義：n.狀況，狀態(tài)文中義：n.（因不可能治愈而長期患有的）疾病1.Whowouldprobablybeinterestedintheelectricchopsticks？A.Thosestickingtoabalanceddiet.B.Thosehavingeatingdisorders.C.Thosepreferringhomemadefood.D.Thosewantingtotakeinlesssalt.解析D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第一段中的"DinersinJapanmaysoonbeabletocuttheirsaltintake"可知，這種電動(dòng)筷子對想要減少鹽攝入量的人有吸引力，故D項(xiàng)正確。2.WhyistraditionalJapanesedietmentioned？A.TointroducewhatJapanesedietislike.B.Tostresshowimportantchopsticksareforit.C.ToshowwhatinfluenceithasontheJapanese.D.Toexplainwhyelectricchopsticksareinvented.解析D推理判斷題。由題干中的"traditionalJapanesediet"可將解題信息定位至第三段。由本段對日本傳統(tǒng)飲食的介紹可知，日本的傳統(tǒng)飲食鹽味較重。普通的日本成年人每天攝入的鹽量幾乎是世界衛(wèi)生組織建議的兩倍。高鈉攝入量與高血壓、中風(fēng)和其他疾病病例的增加有關(guān)。如果日本人以平常的方式減少鹽的攝入，他們將需要舍棄許多他們喜歡的食物。否則，他們將不得不吃寡淡無味的食物。再結(jié)合上文中提到的電動(dòng)筷子可以增加食物的咸味可推知，文中提及日本傳統(tǒng)飲食是為了解釋研究人員發(fā)明電動(dòng)筷子的原因。綜上可知，本題選D。3.WhatdoesMiyashitaexpectoftheelectricchopsticks？A.They’llreachconsumersinthenearfuture.B.They’llhelpchangepeople’seatinghabits.C.They’llbedevelopedintovariousversions.D.They’llinspireawholenewlineofresearch.解析A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由倒數(shù)第二段中的"thechopstickscanhelppeople...hopedtohavethemreadytosellasearlyasnextyear"可知，本題選A。4.Whatisthetextmainlyabout？A.Benefitsoflow-sodiumdiets.B.ImprovementstotheJapanesediet.C.Electricchopsticksincreasingsaltytaste.D.Aninventionmakingfoodmoredelicious.解析C主旨大意題。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容，尤其是第一段中的"Researchersrecentlyannouncedtheydevelopedelectricchopsticksthatincreasesaltinessoffoods"可知，本文主要介紹的是研究者發(fā)明的一種能夠增加食物咸味的電動(dòng)筷子，故C項(xiàng)正確。二、七選五OnourseconddayinChina，we’dalreadybeenaskedtojointheschoolforsupper.Nervousandunsureofthefoodandtablemanners，wepolitelyagreed.1Andnowmyfirstdiningexperiencewouldbewiththeschoolstaff.Comparedwiththerestaurantsinmyhometown，Chineseonesareloudandbusy.2Theatmosphereiswarmandchaotic；peoplearehappy.Thetablesarebigandround.InChineseculturethemostimportantpersonsitsfacingthedoor.Platesoffoodsoonstartedarriving.AndthenIwishedI’dworkedonmychopstickskillsbefore.3Thismeansorderinglotsoffoodandencouragingyoutokeepeating.Italsomeansdrinkinganddrinking.You’llneverhaveanemptyglass.It’spolitetotryeverything，butifyouknowme，youwouldknowIdon’teateverything.Freshfish？Sure，anentirefishontheplatestaringatyouwhileyoupickatit.Notforme.4No，thanks！Thelungofapig？I’llpass.ItseemsthattheChinesereallyeateverything！EverydayI’mpushedoutofmycomfortzone.5Theexperienceitselfisquiteamazing.I’velearnedalot，yetthere’sstillsomuchtolearn.Itsureisdifferentfrommycultureandwayofliving，butbeingintheirshoesandseeinglifethroughtheireyeshavereallyhelpedmetounderstand.AndIlookforwardtodiscoveringmore！A.Igraduallygotusedtothelifehere.B.TheChinesearesofriendlyandhospitable.C.Snailswiththeirshellcrushedandcookedintoameal？D.Butforthemostpart，IdiscoversomethingIreallyenjoy.E.Peoplerinse（沖洗）theirbowlsandchopsticksfirstwithhotwater.F.ComingtoChina，thethingIwasmostnervousaboutwasthefood.G.Peopleareshouting，laughing，drinkingandkidsarerunningaroundfreely.了解一個(gè)國家的地道文化可以從飯桌上開始。吃吃喝喝中，品嘗的是別具特色的美食，感受的是異域的獨(dú)特氛圍，談?wù)摰氖顷P(guān)乎彼此的凡人俗事，體驗(yàn)的是濃郁的煙火氣息！1.FF項(xiàng)中的thethingIwasmostnervousaboutwasthefood與空前句子中的unsureofthefood以及空后句子中的myfirstdiningexperience相照應(yīng)。2.GG項(xiàng)所說的情況是對"Chineseonesareloudandbusy"的具體說明。3.BB項(xiàng)指明了第三段的主旨大意，"orderinglotsoffoodandencouragingyoutokeepeating"以及"drinkinganddrinking"皆詮釋了中國人的友善與好客。4.CC項(xiàng)與"Freshfish？"和"Thelungofapig？"吻合。5.DD項(xiàng)與"EverydayI’mpushedoutofmycomfortzone"之間為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，且空后的句子是對D項(xiàng)中something的具體說明。三、完形填空Oneday，BaltimorerestaurantownerSteveChulearnedoneofhislongtimecustomers，anoldlady，waslosingherbattlewithcancer.Chu1todrivesixhourstoVermonttocookherfavoritedishforherratherthansharehisrecipeatherson-in-lawBrandon’srequest.HerdaughterRinaknowshowmuchthedishfromChu’srestaurant2toher."Shealwaystoldus，‘WhenI’monmydeathbed，Iwanttohavethatbroccoli，’"Rinasaid."Actually，whenIwaspackingonFridaytodrivetoVermont，Icalledherin3toseeifshewantedustobringanythingspecialandshe4said，‘Tempurabroccoli！’"AfterconfirminghisplanswithRinaandBrandon，Chu，togetherwithhistwocolleagues，madethe5toVermont.Thenextmorning，theysetupamakeshift（臨時(shí)代替的）kitcheninthebedoftheirtruckatthelady’shouse.Whenthedishwas6，theteamrangthedoorbell.WhentheoldladyopenedherdoorandsawChu’sfamiliar7withthedish，shecouldhardlybelievehereyes."Idon’tunderstand！Youdroveallthewayupheretocookforme？"shecriedwitha（n）8expressiononherface.Chuimmediatelyrecognizedherthemomenthesawher."We’veseenmany9comeandgo.However，shealways10，notonlyinthewaysheenjoysmycookingbutinalwaysmakingsureto11thedishestomyrestaurantstaff，"Chusaid.Theirmissionaccomplished，Chuandhiscolleaguesturneddownanoffertostayfordinner，alsorefusingtotakeany12.RinaJonesreportedChu’sgenerosityleftherandhermomwithtearsof13."She’salovelylady，whohasshowereduswithloveatourrestaurantforyears，"Chusaid，addingitwasanhonortohelp14thefamily’swish."Itwasameaningful15，andI’mhappythatwecouldmakeithappen，"hesaid.老人患癌性命危，佳肴一道掛在心；女婿設(shè)法求菜譜，廚師果斷獻(xiàn)愛心，開車疾行六小時(shí)，親往烹飪慰老人！1.A.hesitated B.continuedC.competed D.offered解析D廚師主動(dòng)提出開六個(gè)小時(shí)的車，親自去給老人做菜。offertodo（sth.）表示"主動(dòng)做某事"。2.A.means B.owesC.devotes D.sends解析A老人的女兒知道這道菜對母親的意義有多重大。mean在此表示"意味著"。3.A.secret B.surpriseC.advance D.anger解析C老太太的女兒提前給母親打電話看她想不想讓帶什么特別的東西。inadvance