東南大學考研真題-語言學與翻譯2003（答案）

朽木易折，金石可鏤。千里之行，始于足下。第頁/共頁東南大學2003年攻讀碩士學位研究生入學考試試題請考生注重：試題解答務請考生做在專用“答題紙”上！做在其它答題紙上或試卷上的解答將被視為無效答題，不予評分。課程編號：451課程名稱：語言學與翻譯語言學部分（90分）Ⅰ.Determinewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueoffalse(15分)1.ThereasonforFrenchtousechevalandforEnglishtousehorsetorefertothesameanimalisinexplicable.2.Mostanimalcommunicationsystemslacktheprimarylevelofarticulation.3.Modernlinguisticsgivesprioritytodiachronicstudiesoflanguage.4.[P]asinspeakisaspirated.5.Complementarydistributionofallophonesisunpredictable.6.Allboundmorphemesareaffixes.7.VoicelesslabiodentalstopisnotavailableinEnglish.8.OneofthedisadvantagesofICAisthatitfailstoaccountforambiguiousstructures.9.Inthesemiotictriangle,thereisnodirectrelationshipbetweensymbolandreferent.10.Ifawordhassense,itmusthavereference.11.Predicationofasentenceisidenticaltothepropositionofthesentence.12.Theperformativeutterancehasnotruthvalue.13.Micro-sociolinguisticsissociolinguisticsproper.14.Regionaldialectisavarietyoflanguagerelatedtotheuseoflanguage.15.Linguisticcompetenceisonevarietyofculturalcompetence.Ⅱ.Fillintheblankswithappropriateinformation(10分)1.Theabilityforanativespeakertounderstandasentencethathasneverbeenheardbeforeisreferredtoas____.2.Thedancingofbeestosignalahoneysourceissimilarto____.3.IPArefersto____.4.Deepstructuresarechangedintosufacestructuresbymeansof_____.5.Intermsofcomponentialanalysis,thedistinctivecomponentinboyandgirlis___.6.ThepredicationasinItisraininghardis____.7.Ifanargumentofonepropositionishyponymoustoanargumentoftheother,thetwopropositionsareinrelationof____.8.Intheadditionofnewwords,smogisa(n)____.9.Waltzisborrowedfrom____.10.Thetolalityoflinguisticvarietiespossessedbyanindividualconstituteshis/her_____.Ⅲ.Illustratethearbitrarypropertyofhumanlanguageswithreferenceto(1)animalandartificialcommunicationsystems,(2)itsadvantagesanddisadvantages,(3)twodifferentschoolsofbeliefand(4)sporadicfeatures(10分)Ⅳ.Explainthereasonswhyanativespeakercanrecognizeaforeign“accent”(5分)Ⅴ.IllustratethetworelationshipsbetweenconstituentsinBloomfield’sstructurism(5分)Ⅵ.Howisbehaviourismdifferentfrommentalisminthestudyofmeaning(10分)Ⅶ.WhatarethepossiblecoloursofChinese“青”inEnglish?Andwhatdoesthisreflectinsemantics(10分)？Ⅷ.Explainwithexamplesthereasonswhyutterancemeaningiscontext-dependent(5分)Ⅸ.Howtoexplainthefollowingexamplewiththeco-operativeprinciple(5分)?A:Canyouanswerthetelephone?B:I’minthebath.Ⅹ.ExplainthedifferencebetweenChineseandEnglishculturebyillustratingoneaspectoflife,whichisrichinChinesebutlimitedinEnglish,andviceversa(10分).Ⅺ.WhatisthedifferencebetweenpidginandCreole(5分).翻譯部分（60分）1.TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish(30分):1.那劉姥姥先聞聲（熙鳳）告苦，這當是沒想頭了，又聞聲給他二十兩銀子，喜得眉開眼笑道：“我們也知道艱巨的，但只俗語說：‘瘦死的駱駝比馬還大’呢。憑他怎樣，你拔跟寒毛比我們的腰還壯哩！”2.大陸體系正如一切暴力體系那樣，瓦解了。它不象總算天命的生命，和緩地、逐漸地衰亡，而是驟然地分崩離析：它瓦解了，好似冬天的寒霜，太陽出來便消融蒸發(fā)。還是在昨天，囫圇歐洲大陸象廣大的平原籠罩在一塊龐大的堅冰之下，展示出荒涼慘淡的景象；今天，天上吹來的和煦溫風，將這地大地解凍，于是，河水又潺潺奔流，人類再次恢復交往。Ⅱ.TranslatethefollowingintoChinese(30分)1.Pausenowforamoment,andconsiderhowmuchmoresolicitousweareaboutourprivateintereststhantheRhodians(洛迪安人)havebeenabouttheirwelfare.Ifanyoneofusforeseesapossibleinjurytohisprivateinterests,hestrugglesmightandmaintoavertit.YettheRhodianshavepatientlysubmittedtosuchapossibleinjurytotheirwelfare.…Itcertainlyisnotproperthatamanshouldbeheldinesteemmerelybecausehesayshehashadadispositiontodogoodwheninfacthehasnotdoneso.ShalltheRhodiansthenbeinawrongposition,notbecausetheyhaveactuallydonewrong,butbecausetheyaresaidtohavethedesiretodoso?2.Thefactthistermfindsitswayintopopculturesuggestshowpervasivethemind-setofliterarytheoryhasbecomeinourtime.Ihaveevenheartabasketballcoachsaythathisteamhadlearnedtodeconstructazonedefense.Literarytheoryhaspermeatedourthinkingtothepointthatithasdefinedforourtimeshowdiscourseaboutliterature,aswellasaboutcultureingeneral,shallproceed.Literarytheoryhasarrived,andnostudentofliteraturecanaffordnottocometotermswithit.有錯誤，需要修改現在先暫停一會兒，想想我們擔心我們的個人利益比洛迪安人擔心他們的福利是怎樣急切的多得多。倘若我們中的任何一人預見到個人利益可能受到的侵犯就會全力以赴的避免它，而洛迪安人向來以來都耐心地承受著可能的對他們的福利的侵犯。僅因為一個人說他有計劃做善事，而事實上沒有做，就認為他應該受到大家的恭敬，那絕對是不合情理的。難道洛迪安人就應該僅僅因為人們認為他們想做而不是事實上已經做過什么壞事而受到不平等的待遇？這個術語進入流行文化的事實表明，在我們這個時代文學理論的思維方式是多么盛行。我甚至聽一個籃球教練說過他的籃球隊已經學會如何“解構”聯防。文學理論已經滲入我們的思想，其程度之深以至：它界定了在我們這個時代議論關于文學以及文化的話題總體上應該如何舉行，任何一位學文學的學生都應該對其耳熟能詳。參考答案：東南大學2003年攻讀碩士學位研究生入學考試試題請考生注重：試題解答務請考生做在專用“答題紙”上！做在其它答題紙上或試卷上的解答將被視為無效答題，不予評分。課程編號：451課程名稱：語言學與翻譯語言學部分（90分）Ⅰ.Determinewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueoffalse(15分)1.ThereasonforFrenchtousechevalandforEnglishtousehorsetorefertothesameanimalisinexplicable.2.Mostanimalcommunicationsystemslacktheprimarylevelofarticulation.3.Modernlinguisticsgivesprioritytodiachronicstudiesoflanguage.4.[P]asinspeakisaspirated.5.Complementarydistributionofallophonesisunpredictable.6.Allboundmorphemesareaffixes.7.VoicelesslabiodentalstopisnotavailableinEnglish.8.OneofthedisadvantagesofICAisthatitfailstoaccountforambiguiousstructures.9.Inthesemiotictriangle,thereisnodirectrelationshipbetweensymbolandreferent.10.Ifawordhassense,itmusthavereference.11.Predicationofasentenceisidenticaltothepropositionofthesentence.12.Theperformativeutterancehasnotruthvalue.13.Micro-sociolinguisticsissociolinguisticsproper.14.Regionaldialectisavarietyoflanguagerelatedtotheuseoflanguage.15.Linguisticcompetenceisonevarietyofculturalcompetence.Ⅱ.Fillintheblankswithappropriateinformation(10分)1.Theabilityforanativespeakertounderstandasentencethathasneverbeenheardbeforeisreferredtoas____.2.Thedancingofbeestosignalahoneysourceissimilarto____.3.IPArefersto____.4.Deepstructuresarechangedintosufacestructuresbymeansof_____.5.Intermsofcomponentialanalysis,thedistinctivecomponentinboyandgirlis___.6.ThepredicationasinItisraininghardis____.7.Ifanargumentofonepropositionishyponymoustoanargumentoftheother,thetwopropositionsareinrelationof____.8.Intheadditionofnewwords,smogisa(n)____.9.Waltzisborrowedfrom____.10.Thetolalityoflinguisticvarietiespossessedbyanindividualconstituteshis/her_____.Ⅲ.Illustratethearbitrarypropertyofhumanlanguageswithreferenceto(1)animalandartificialcommunicationsystems,(2)itsadvantagesanddisadvantages,(3)twodifferentschoolsofbeliefand(4)sporadicfeatures(10分)Ⅳ.Explainthereasonswhyanativespeakercanrecognizeaforeign“accent”(5分)Ⅴ.IllustratethetworelationshipsbetweenconstituentsinBloomfield’sstructurism(5分)Ⅵ.Howisbehaviourismdifferentfrommentalisminthestudyofmeaning(10分)Ⅶ.WhatarethepossiblecoloursofChinese“青”inEnglish?Andwhatdoesthisreflectinsemantics(10分)？Ⅷ.Explainwithexamplesthereasonswhyutterancemeaningiscontext-dependent(5分)Ⅸ.Howtoexplainthefollowingexamplewiththeco-operativeprinciple(5分)?A:Canyouanswerthetelephone?B:I’minthebath.Ⅹ.ExplainthedifferencebetweenChineseandEnglishculturebyillustratingoneaspectoflife,whichisrichinChinesebutlimitedinEnglish,andviceversa(10分).Ⅺ.WhatisthedifferencebetweenpidginandCreole(5分).翻譯部分（60分）1.TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish(30分):1.那劉姥姥先聞聲（熙鳳）告苦，這當是沒想頭了，又聞聲給他二十兩銀子，喜得眉開眼笑道：“我們也知道艱巨的，但只俗語說：‘瘦死的駱駝比馬還大’呢。憑他怎樣，你拔跟寒毛比我們的腰還壯哩！”2.大陸體系正如一切暴力體系那樣，瓦解了。它不象總算天命的生命，和緩地、逐漸地衰亡，而是驟然地分崩離析：它瓦解了，好似冬天的寒霜，太陽出來便消融蒸發(fā)。還是在昨天，囫圇歐洲大陸象廣大的平原籠罩在一塊龐大的堅冰之下，展示出荒涼慘淡的景象；今天，天上吹來的和煦溫風，將這地大地解凍，于是，河水又潺潺奔流，人類再次恢復交往。Ⅱ.TranslatethefollowingintoChinese(30分)1.Pausenowforamoment,andconsiderhowmuchmoresolicitousweareaboutourprivateintereststhantheRhodians(洛迪安人)havebeenabouttheirwelfare.Ifanyoneofusforeseesapossibleinjurytohisprivateinterests,hestrugglesmightandmaintoavertit.YettheRhodianshavepatientlysubmittedtosuchapossibleinjurytotheirwelfare.…Itcertainlyisnotproperthatamanshouldbeheldinesteemmerelybecausehesayshehashadadispositiontodogoodwheninfacthehasnotdoneso.ShalltheRhodiansthenbein