重慶市聯(lián)盟2023-2024學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期12月期中英語試題含聽力

重慶市高三英語考試注意事項:1.答題前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、考生號、考場號、座位號填寫在答題卡上。2.回答選擇題時，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號黑。如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號?；卮鸱沁x擇題時，將答案寫在答題卡上。寫在本試卷上無效。3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)做題時，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的:涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)(共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】Whattimeisitnow?A.About5:20pm. B.About5:40pm. C.About6:00pm.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M:I’mintrouble.Ihavetogettheseletterstothepostofficebeforeitclosesat6pm,andit’salmost6pmalready.W:Takeiteasy.Thisclockistwentyminutesfast.2.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Thelanguagetolearn. B.Thefilmtowatch. C.Thecoursetoattend.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:Sam,whichoptionalcoursewillyoutakethissemester?M:Filmstudies,Iguess.ButI’llconsiderFrenchasanalternative.3.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】Whatwillthemandotonight?A.Stayathome. B.Gotoaclub. C.Attendameeting.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:Wouldyouliketogototheclubtonight?M:I’dratherstayathomeandwatchTV.Ihavetogetupearlytoattendameetingtomorrow.4.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】Wherearethespeakers?A.Inabank. B.Inarestaurant. C.Inastore.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:Thesetwotieslookverynice.Howmucharethey?W:Itwasoriginally60poundsforeach,butifyoubuytwo,youwillgetanotheronefree.M:OK.Iwilltakethree.5.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】Whydidthemanleavehispreviousjob?A.Tostudyfurther. B.Tobeefamous. C.Tofindanewjob.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:Weletoourpany.We’dlikeyoutotellusaboutyourworkexperience.M:Iworkedatafamouspanyfortwoyears.W:Canyoutelluswhyyouleft?M:IleftbecauseIwentbacktostudyandgetmymaster’sdegree.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分,滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】6.Whatdoesthewomanprobablydo?A.Adoctor. B.Anassistant. C.Aprofessor.7.Whenwillthemangotoseethedoctor?A.OnWednesday. B.OnThursday. C.OnFriday.【答案】6.B7.C【解析】【原文】W:Goodmorning.ThisisDoctorWhite’soffice.MayIhelpyou?M:I’dliketomakeanappointmenttoseethedoctorthisweek.W:Well,I’mafraidheisfullybookedonMondayandTuesday.HowaboutWednesday?M:IhaveclassesattheuniversityonWednesday.WillThursdaybeOK?W:SorryI’mafraidheisfullybookedonThursdaytoo.M:Friday?W:Yes!HewillbefreeonFridaythisweek.HowaboutFridaymorning?M:Iprefersometimeintheafternoonifit’spossible.Thankyou!聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】8.Whatistheconversationmainlyabout?A.Apicture. B.Adesigner. C.Abuilding.9.Whichsubjectdoesthewomanlikebest?A.Math. B.Music. C.History.【答案】8.A9.C【解析】【原文】W:Youknow,I’veneverseenthepicturesyoutookofNewYork.M:Didn’tIshowthemtoyouafterIgotback?Well,Ihavethemwithme.Lookatthisone.W:Fantastic.Wherewasthistaken?M:FromthetopoftheWorldTradeCenter.DoyouknowtheStatueofLibertywasdesignedbyaFrenchman?W:Uhhuh.Bartholdi.ItwasgiventotheUnitedStatesbyFranceonthe100thbirthdayoftheUSindependence.M:Youknowalotabouthistory.W:Historyismyfavoritesubject!M:Oh,Ithoughtyoulikemathbest!Well,let’slookatanotherone.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】10.HowdidAndyfeelwhenhefirstarrivedattheclassroom?A.Excitedandpleased.B.Anxiousandafraid.C.Embarrassedandannoyed.11.WhatcanweknowaboutMrPerry?A.Heisstrict. B.Heisenergetic. C.Heisfunny.12.Whydidthebellringat12:00?A.Totellstudentsclassisover.B.Totellstudentshavelunch.C.Toremindstudentstoattendclass.【答案】10.B11.A12.B【解析】【原文】W:Howwasyourfirstdayinthenewschool,Andy?M:Todayisn’tbad,thoughIarrivedattheclassroomwithanxietyandfear.W:That’sgreat.Whataboutyourteacher?M:Oh,doyoumeanMrPerry?Hesaidtomewithasoftvoice,whichfortedme.W:Whatisthedifferencebetweenthenewschoolandtheoldone?M:MrPerrygaveeachofusapieceofpaperwhichwasabout“courserequirements”.Ihadnevergotthisbefore.Thenheaskedustochoosetheseatweliked.W:Yousaidit.MrPerryisalwayskindandstrict.M:Ithinkthat’sthereasonwhymyparentsaskedmetotravelalongdistancetobeastudentofMrPerry.W:Itwouldbegoodforyourfuture.Andanyfunnystoriestoday?M:Yes.Iwentbacktotheclassroomwhenthebellrangat12:00.Butmyteachertoldmeitwasthelunchbell.Ifeltembarrassed,youknow.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】13.WhatdoesthemanthinkofLucy’stakingflyinglessons?A.Impractical. B.Surprising. C.Interesting.14.WhatdoesLucyworkas?A.Anurse. B.Apilot. C.Adoctor.15.Whatdoesthemanadvisethewomantodo?A.Teachinacollege.B.Startherownrestaurant.C.TeachanItaliancookingclass.16.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Brotherandsister. B.Husbandandwife. C.Teacherandstudent【答案】13.B14.A15.C16.B【解析】【原文】M:Gina,Gina...Gina?Whatareyoudoing?W:Oh,IwasjustthinkingaboutourconversationwithLucytheothernight.IhopeLucycanfindsomeplacetotakeflyinglessons.M:IamsurprisedIhavenoideathatLucyisinterestedinlearninghowtofly.W:Anddoyouknowshewantstoleaveherjobandgobacktoschool?Shesaysshedoesn’thaveenoughresponsibilityasanurse.Shewantstobeadoctor.Ihopeherdreamestrue.M:Metoo.Bytheway,areyoustillthinkingaboutopeninganItalianrestaurant?W:IwishIcould.ButIcan’tdothatunlessIhavealotofmoney.M:Iknow.SometimesIwishwe’dwinalotofmoney.Butweneedtobemorerealistic.Whydon’tyouconsiderteachinganItaliancookingclass?You’reagreatcookandyoucoulddoitathome.W:Frank,that’snotabadidea.Icouldgetmoreexperienceandbuildareputation.Andthen,eventually,Imightbeabletoteachaneveningclassatoneofthemunitycolleges.M:See?Aren’tyougladyoumarriedme?Ihavegoodideassometimes.聽下面一段獨白，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】17.Wheredoesthespeakerefrom?A.America. B.Australia. C.England.18.WhatdoEnglishpeoplethinkofAmericans?A.Friendly. B.Quiet. C.Humorous.19.WhatdidthespeakerliketodointheafternooninEngland?A.Playwithhisfriends. B.Watchedyshows. C.Haveacupoftea20.WhatdidthespeakerfindamazinginEngland?A.TheTVprograms. B.Theoldbuildings. C.Theteashops.【答案】17.A18.A19.C20.B【解析】【原文】M:ThemostunforgettableexperienceI’veeverhad?Well,thatwasthreeyearsagowhenIwasincollege,IspentatermstudyinginLondon.Eventhoughwespeakthesamelanguage,EnglishpeopleandAmericansareverydifferent.TheythinkthatweAmericansarefriendlyandthatwehaveastrongdesiretobesuccessfulandrich.AndIthinktheBritisharequietandgentle.Ilovethelifestylethere.Goingoutforafternoonteawasfun,andIalwaysdidthatwithmyfriends.AndIreallylovetheoldbuildings.Wedon’thaveanythingthatoldintheUnitedStates,soitisprettyamazing!Bytheway,IalsowenttoAustraliaonce.Thebuildingstherearen’tsoattractiveeither.TheBritishalsohaveadifferentsenseofhumor.TheiredyshowsonTVarereallyfunny.I’dliketosaymyexperiencewasapositiveone.Infact,I’msavingupmoneysoIcangobackthereagain.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。AOfthetop10mostexpensiverailconstructionprojectsstartingin2022,fivearelocatedinAsia.Hereare4expensiverailwaysinChina.NantongNingboHighSpeedRailway:CNY108.9bnTheprojectaimstoreducethetraveltimebetweenthecitiesofNantongandNingbo.Itinvolvestheconstructionofa309.8kmrailwaylinewithadesignspeedof350km/hwith10railwaystations.Constructionisexpectedtobepletedbytheendof2027.Xiong’anXinzhouHighSpeedRailway:CNY57.2bnTheprojectaimstobuildahighspeedrailwaytoprovidesmoothandfastertraffic,cuttingtraveltimebetweenthetwocities.Itinvolvestheconstructionofa342kmhighspeedrailwaylinewithadesignspeedof350km/hwith13stations.Theprojectwillbedevelopedintwosections.ConstructionworkisexpectedtobepletedbyMarch2027,afterbreakinggroundinOctober2022.ShanghaiNanjingHefeiHighSpeedRailway:CNY157.9bnItisahighspeedraillinefromShanghaitoNanjingandHefeiinChina.Theprojectaimstoexpandtherailwaynetworkandreducetraffic,traveltimeanddistanceintheregion.Theprojectinvolvestheconstructionofa553.76kmhighspeedraillinewithadesignspeedof350km/hwith16stations.Itisscheduledtobepletedinthefourthquarterof2028.BeijingXiong’anShangqiuHighSpeedRailway:CNY101bnItisahighspeedrailwaylinefromFengtaiinBeijingtoXiong’aninHebeitoShangqiuinHenan.Theproject’saimistoreducetraveltimeanddistancebetweenFengtaiinBeijing,Xiong’aninHebei,andShangqiuinHenan.Theprojectinvolvestheconstructionofa638kmhighspeedrailwaylinewithadesignspeedof350km/hwith16stations.Constructionisexpectedtobepletedbytheendof2027.21.Whichistheshortestrailwaytobeconstructedofthefour?A.NantongNingboHighSpeedRailway.B.Xiong’anXinzhouHighSpeedRailway.C.ShanghaiNanjingHefeiHighSpeedRailway.D.BeijingXiong’anShangqiuHighSpeedRailway.22.WhatisspecialaboutXiong’anXinzhouHighSpeedRailway?A.Ithasthehighestdesignspeed.B.Itdemandstheleastinvestment.C.Itaimstoreducethetraveltime.D.ItgoespastChongqingandShangqiu.23.Whatdothelasttworailwayshaveinmon?A.Theybothhave16stations.B.Theybothconstructintwosections.C.Theybothincludeundergroundlines.D.Theyareexpectedtobepletedby2027.【答案】21.A22.B23.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了2022年中國啟動的四條高鐵路線。【21題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)NantongNingboHighSpeedRailway:CNY108.9bn部分中的“Itinvolvestheconstructionofa309.8kmrailwayline(它涉及一條309.8公里長的鐵路線的建設(shè))”，Xiong’anXinzhouHighSpeedRailway:CNY57.2bn部分中的“Itinvolvestheconstructionofa342kmhighspeedrailwayline(它涉及一條342公里長的高速鐵路線的建設(shè))”，ShanghaiNanjingHefeiHighSpeedRailway:CNY157.9bn部分中的“Theprojectinvolvestheconstructionofa553.76kmhighspeedrailline(該項目包括建設(shè)一條553.76公里的高速鐵路線)”和BeijingXiong’anShangqiuHighSpeedRailway:CNY101bn部分中的“Theprojectinvolvestheconstructionofa638kmhighspeedrailwayline(該項目包括建設(shè)一條638公里的高速鐵路線)”可知，NantongNingboHighSpeedRailway.(南通寧波的高鐵)是四條鐵路中最短的，故選A?！?2題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“NantongNingboHighSpeedRailway:CNY108.9bn(南通—寧波高鐵：1089億元)”，“Xiong’anXinzhouHighSpeedRailway:CNY57.2bn(雄安—忻州高鐵：572億元)”，“ShanghaiNanjingHefeiHighSpeedRailway:CNY157.9bn(上海—合肥合高鐵：1579億元)”和“BeijingXiong’anShangqiuHighSpeedRailway:CNY101bn(北京—雄安—商丘高鐵：1010億元)”可知，雄安—忻州高鐵的特別之處在于它是投資最少的，故選B。【23題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)ShanghaiNanjingHefeiHighSpeedRailway:CNY157.9bn部分中的“with16stations(有16個站)”和BeijingXiong’anShangqiuHighSpeedRailway:CNY101bn部分中的“with16stations(有16個站)”可知，這兩條高鐵的共同之處在于它們都有16站，故選A。BDuringWorldWarII,DuchessNinaDouglasHamiltonplayedavitalroleinlookingafteranimals.Asthewarbrokeout,thegovernmentissuedordersforthemasskillinglivestock(家畜)topreventthemfrombeingcapturedordestroyedbytheenemy.DuchessNinalaunchedacampaigntosaveasmanyanimalsaspossible,andsoonbecameknownasthe“animalheroine”forherefforts.DuchessNinaworkedwithlocalfarmersandanimalownerstorelocateanimalstosaferareas,suchastheScottishHighlands.Shealsoestablishedanetworkofvolunteerswhohelpedtocareforanimalsduringthewar.Sheorganizedfeedingprograms,medicalcareandtransportation,ensuringthatanimalswerewelllookedafterevenduringthemostdifficulttimes.Themostchallengingaspectofherworkwastheshortageoffoodduringthewar.Sosheestablishedavegetablegardenandusedleftoverstocreatenutritiousmealsforanimals.Shealsoreachedouttothepublicfordonationsoffoodandsupplies,andwasabletosecureenoughresourcestokeepanimalshealthyandfed.Inadditiontoherworkwithdomesticanimals,DuchessNinaw?salsoastrongadvocateforwildlifeconservation.SheestablishedacenterforwildanimalsScotland,wheresheprovidedasafeplacefordeer,foxesandotheranimalsthatwerethreatenedbythewar.Shealsoworkedwithlocalprotectiongroupstoprotectnaturalhabitats.DuchessNina’sworkduringWorldWarIIwasnotwithoutitsrisks.Shefrequentlyriskedherlifetosaveanimals,oftendrivingthroughperilousareas.Sadly,somepeoplesawhereffortsasadistractionfromthewareffort.However,shecontinuedtoworktirelesslyforanimals.Afterthewar,DuchessNina’sworkwasrecognizedbythegovernmentandshegotanimportantawardforherservicestoanimals.24.HowdidDuchessNinaprobablyfeelwhensheheardthegovernment’sorders?A.Calm. B.Worried. C.Excited. D.Encouraged.25.WhatwasthebiggestproblemthatDuchessNinafaced?A.Nobodygaveheranydonations.B.Shecouldn’tfindenoughvolunteers.C.Theanimalsdidn’thaveenoughfoodtoeat.D.Localfarmersdidn’tgiveherenoughsupport.26.WhydidDuchessNinastartthecenterinScotland?A.Tokeepdomesticanimalsthere.B.Toattractlocalprotectiongroups.C.Toprovideahomeforwildanimals.DToofferasafeplacetoanimalowners.27.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“perilous”inparagraph5mean?A.Dangerous. B.Urban. C.Faraway. D.Poor.【答案】24.B25.C26.C27.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是記敘文。講述了在二戰(zhàn)期間，妮娜·道格拉斯·漢密爾頓公爵夫人救助了很多動物，發(fā)揮了重大作用，被譽為“動物女英雄”。【24題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第二句“DuchessNinalaunchedacampaigntosaveasmanyanimalsaspossible,andsoonbecameknownasthe“animalheroine”forherefforts.”(尼娜公爵夫人發(fā)起了一場拯救盡可能多動物的運動，并很快因其努力而被稱為“動物女英雄”)可知，DuchessNina發(fā)起了一項運動來盡可能多地救助動物，由此可推知，政府的命令令她擔(dān)憂。故選B項。【25題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第四句“Themostchallengingaspectofherworkwastheshortageoffoodduringthewar.”(她工作中最具挑戰(zhàn)性的方面是戰(zhàn)爭期間的糧食短缺。)可知，她當(dāng)時面臨的最大的問題就是沒有足夠的食物來喂養(yǎng)那些動物。故選C項?！?6題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第二句“SheestablishedacenterforwildanimalsScotland,wheresheprovidedasafeplacefordeer,foxesandotheranimalsthatwerethreatenedbythewar.”(她在蘇格蘭建立了一個野生動物中心，為鹿、狐貍和其他受到戰(zhàn)爭威脅的動物提供了一個安全的地方。)可知，她建立這個中心是為了救助野生動物。故選C項。【27題詳解】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞上文“DuchessNina’sworkduringWorldWarIIwasnotwithoutitsrisks.”(DuchessNina在二戰(zhàn)期間的工作并非沒有風(fēng)險。)可知，她經(jīng)常冒著生命危險去救動物，經(jīng)常開車穿過危險地帶。畫線詞意為“危險的”。故選A項。CI’veneverhadagreatsenseofdirection.AndIoftenwanderintoshopsand,uponingbackout,can’trememberwhichwayI’veefrom—leftorright?Manypeoplearelikeme,andwhydosomeconstantlyhavenoideawheretheyare?Thehippocampus(海馬體)isaregionofthebrainassociatedwithmemoryandinvolvedinsenseofdirection.Andanearbyregionhasalsobeenassociatedwithsenseofdirection.Therearefourknowntypesofnavigationrelatedneurons(神經(jīng)元),foundintheseregionsplacecells,gridcells,bordercellsandheaddirectioncells.Inshort,youcanthinkofplacecellsasaninternalcognitive(認知的)map;theyidentifywhereyouare.GridcellsarelikeaGPSsysteminourbrain;theytellusabouttherelationshipofthisplacetootherplaceswe’vebeento.Bordercellsrespondtothepresenceofenvironmentalboundariesataspecificdirectionanddistancefromus.Lastly,headdirectioncellsareactivatedwhenourheadfacesaspecificdirection.Thesecellswillfireelectricalimpulseswhenweenterfamiliarlocations,witheachgroupofcellsrelatingtoaspecificplace.OurrelianceonGPSandsmartphonesmayhavedecreasedtheabilitytouseourinternalmaps.OlderadultswhoregularlyusedGPShadlessactivityintheirhippocampus,paredwiththosewhodidnotuseGPS.Theyalsoperformedslightlyworseinacognitiontest.Incontrast,astudyinvolvingLondontaxidriversfoundtheysignificantlylargerhippocampusthanordinarypeople.Youcanimproveyourwayfindingabilityspecificallybypracticingtheskill,accordingtoAziz,PhDofneurologyatTempleUniversitySchoolofMedicine.“Themoreyougetoutandgotoplaces,thebetter,”hesays.Physicalexerciseimprovesthebloodflowtothebrain,whilementalexercise,suchasdoingpuzzlesorlearninganewlanguage,stimulatesthedevelopmentofnewnervecellsandconnectionsinyourbrain.28.Howdoestheauthorintroducethetopicofthetext?A.Byraisingaquestion.B.Bymakingaparison.C.Bystatingpersonalopinions.D.Byreferringtoscientificresearch.29.Whatcanwelearnaboutthefourtypesofnavigationrelatedneurons?A.Theydependcloselyoneachother.B.Theyareresponsiblefordifferentjobs.C.Theywilldecreaseinnumbersasoneages.D.Theywillfailtofunctioninunfamiliarsituations.30.WhatwillhappenitwerelytoomuchonGPS?A.Wewilleasilybemisled.B.Ourhippocampuswillgetenlarged.C.Ourcognitiveabilitywillbeaffected.D.Wewillhaveourhippocampusrelaxed.31.Whatareweadvisedtodoaccordingtothelastparagraph?A.Buildupourbody. B.Taketrainingcourses.C.Trydifferentbrainexercises. D.Getouttoconnectwithpeople.【答案】28.A29.B30.C31.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文，文章闡釋了有些人是“路癡”的原因，以及如何獲得方向感?！?8題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Manypeoplearelikeme,andwhydosomeconstantlyhavenoideawheretheyare?(很多人都像我一樣，為什么有些人總是不知道自己在哪里？)”并結(jié)合下文介紹人們是怎樣認路，以及為什么有人是路癡可知，作者是通過提出問題方式來引出本文主題的。故選A。【29題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Inshort,youcanthinkofplacecellsasaninternal.cognitive(認知的)map;theyidentifywhereyouare.GridcellsarelikeaGPSsysteminourbrain;theytellusabouttherelationshipofthisplacetootherplaceswe’vebeento.Bordercellsrespondtothepresenceofenvironmentalboundariesataspecificdirectionanddistancefromus.Lastly,headdirectioncellsareactivatedwhenourheadfacesaspecificdirection.Thesecellswillfireelectricalimpulseswhenweenterfamiliarlocations,witheachgroupofcellsrelatingtoaspecificplace.(簡而言之，你可以把位置細胞想象成一個內(nèi)部認知地圖；它們能識別你的位置。網(wǎng)格細胞就像我們大腦中的GPS系統(tǒng)；它們告訴我們這個地方與我們?nèi)ミ^的其他地方的關(guān)系。邊界細胞對特定方向和距離的環(huán)境邊界做出反應(yīng)。最后，當(dāng)我們的頭朝向一個特定的方向時，頭部方向細胞被激活。當(dāng)我們進入熟悉的地方時，這些細胞會發(fā)出電脈沖，每一組細胞都與一個特定的地方有關(guān))”可知，這四種細胞各司其職，在幫助我們辨別方向和位置時起著不同的作用，故選B?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“OlderadultswhoregularlyusedGPShadlessactivityintheirhippocampus,paredwiththosewhodidnotuseGPS.Theyalsoperformedslightlyworseinacognitiontest.(與不使用GPS的老年人相比，經(jīng)常使用GPS的老年人的海馬體活動較少。他們在認知測試中的表現(xiàn)也略差)”可知，過度依賴GPS導(dǎo)航會影響我們的認知能力，故選C?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Physicalexerciseimprovesthebloodflowtothebrain,whilementalexercise,suchasdoingpuzzlesorlearninganewlanguage,stimulatesthedevelopmentofnewnervecellsandconnectionsinyourbrain.(體育鍛煉可以促進大腦的血液流動，而智力鍛煉，比如做拼圖或?qū)W習(xí)一門新語言，可以刺激大腦中新神經(jīng)細胞和連接的發(fā)育)”可知，作者建議我們嘗試不同的腦力訓(xùn)練活動，故選C。DDogsmayhaveearnedthetitleofourbestfriendsthroughtheirinteractionswithhumans,butnowresearcherssaythesesocialskillscould,bepresentshortlyafterbirthratherthanbeinglearned.Tobetterunderstandtheroleofbiologyindogs’abilitiestomunicatewithhumans,theresearchersstudied375eightweekoldservicedogs.Theylookedathowthesedogsperformedinaseriesoftasks.designedtomeasuretheirmunicationskills.Thepuppieswerestilllivingwiththeirlittermates(同窩出生者)andhadnotbeensenttolivewithavolunteerpuppyraiser,makingitunlikelythattheyhadlearnedabouthisorherbehavior.Inthefirsttask,apersonhidatreat.beneathoneoftwooverturnedcupsandpointedtoittoseeifthepuppycouldfollowthegesture.Sincedogsaregoodatusingnosestofindthingsatreatwasalsotapedtotheinsidesof,bothcups.Inthesecondtask,puppieswatchedastheresearchersplacedayellow,blocknextto/thecorrectcup,insteadofpointingtoindicatewherethepuppyshouldlookforthefood.Thethirdtaskwasdesignedtoobservepuppies’tendencytolookathumanfaces.Theresearchersspoketothepuppyinavoicepeoplesometimesusewhentalkingtoababy.Theythen.measuredhowlongthepuppyfixedastareonthehuman.In,thelasttask,researcherssealeda.treatinsideaclosedcontainerandpresentedittothepuppy.Theythenmeasuredhowoftenthepuppylookedtothehumanforhelpinopeningthecontainer.Thestudyfoundthatwhilemanyofthepuppieswereresponsivetohumans’physicalandverbalcues,veryfewlookedtohumansforhelpwiththeunsolvabletask.Researcherssaid,“Thissuggeststhatwhilepuppiesmaybebornknowinghowtorespondtohumaninitiatedmunication,theabilitytoinitiatemunicationontheirownmayelater.”Thenextstepwillbetoseeifspecificgenesthatmaycontributetodogs’abilitiestomunicatewithhumanscanbeidentified.32.Whywereeightweekoldservicedogschosenforthestudy?A.Theywerethebestagetolearn.B.Theywerecuteandsafetodealwith.C.Theywereunlikelyinfluencedbytheirmates.D.Theyhadhadlittlecontactwithhumansbefore.33.Whatistheresearchers’purposeintapingfoodtobothcups?A.Toprovidecluesforthepuppies’finaldecisions.B.Tomakeparisonsbetweendifferentconditions.C.Topreventthepuppiesfrommakinguseoftheirsmell.D.Tocheckthepuppies’preferenceforaparticularcolor.34.Whatcanweknowfromthestudy?A.Puppiescanunderstandourbodylanguage.B.Puppiesaregoodataskinghumansforhelp.C.Puppiesareborntoarousemunicationwithhumans.D.Puppiesneedspecificgenestomunicatewithhumans.35.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Dogs——talentedperformers B.Dogs—humans’bestfriendsC.Dogs—borntobeabletolearn D.Dogs—borntounderstandhumans【答案】32.D33.C34.A35.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是說明文。研究人員表示，這些社交技能可能在出生后不久就會出現(xiàn)，而不是后天習(xí)得的。文章主要介紹了關(guān)于狗天生就能理解人類的研究過程以及研究發(fā)現(xiàn)小狗可能一出生就知道如何回應(yīng)人類發(fā)起的交流，但他們自己發(fā)起交流的能力可能要晚一些?！?2題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“Thepuppieswerestilllivingwiththeirlittermates(同窩出生者)andhadnotbeensenttolivewithavolunteerpuppyraiser,makingitunlikelythattheyhadlearnedabouthisorherbehavior.(這些小狗仍然和它們的窩友生活在一起，沒有被送到志愿者養(yǎng)狗人那里，所以它們不太可能了解他或她的行為)”可知，選擇8個星期大的小狗是因為它們還未與人類有過接觸及互動，符合實驗的設(shè)計要求。故選D?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第二句“Sincedogsaregoodatusingnosestofindthingsatreatwasalsotapedtotheinsidesof,bothcups.(因為狗狗擅長用鼻子找東西，所以兩個杯子的里面都粘上了零食)”可知，這樣做是為了避免小狗使用自己的嗅覺做出判斷。故選C?！?4題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句“Thestudyfoundthatwhilemanyofthepuppieswereresponsivetohumans’physicalandverbalcues,veryfewlookedtohumansforhelpwiththeunsolvabletask.(研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，雖然許多小狗對人類的身體和語言暗示有反應(yīng)，但很少有小狗在無法解決的任務(wù)上尋求人類的幫助)”可知，小狗對人類的肢體和語言暗示有反應(yīng)，即能理解人類的一些肢體語言。故選A?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Dogsmayhaveearnedthetitleofourbestfriendsthroughtheirinteractionswithhumans,butnowresearcherssaythesesocialskillscould,bepresentshortlyafterbirthratherthanbeinglearned.(通過與人類的互動，狗狗可能贏得了我們最好的朋友的稱號，但現(xiàn)在研究人員表示，這些社交技能可能在出生后不久就會出現(xiàn)，而不是后天習(xí)得的)”結(jié)合文章主要介紹了關(guān)于狗天生就能理解人類的研究過程以及研究發(fā)現(xiàn)小狗可能一出生就知道如何回應(yīng)人類發(fā)起的交流，但他們自己發(fā)起交流的能力可能要晚一些。D選項“生來就能理解人類的狗”最符合文章標(biāo)題。故選D。第二節(jié)(共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Productivitycanbeastruggleformanyofus.Overflowingemailinboxes,housework,socialobligations,itcanbeeasytofeelataloss.____36____.Writethemdown,dothetasksandcrossthemoffsimple!____37____Firstly,theyhelptodrownoutthechaosandanxietythatewithhavingneverendingtasks.Bywritingeverythingdown,wedon’thavetorelyonourmemory.____38____.Secondly,listsprovidestructureandguidance,givingusaplantofollow.Andfinally,listsserveasproofofwhatwehaveachieved,whichcanhelpboostoursenseofacplishmentandmotivation.Anotherpossiblereasonourbrainslovelistsissomethingcalledthe“Zeigarnikeffect”.Thisisthenamepsychologistsuseforwhenwerememberthingsweneedtodobetterthanthingswehavealreadypleted.____39____.Theexperimentbeganwithawarmuptask,thoughitwasstoppedhalfwaythrough,andonlysomepeoplewereallowedtomakeplanstofinishit.Theresearchersfoundthatthegrouppermittedtoplanhadreducedanxietyandperformedbetterinthesecondtask.Theproblemwasthattheothersstillhadthewarmuptaskstuckintheiractivememoryanuntickedlistoftasks.____40____Allinall,itseemsthatlistsareavaluabletoolforstayingontopoflife!A.AndwecaninsteadfocusonthetaskathandB.KeepthelistnearthephoneforeasyreferenceC.TherearethreekeyreasonswhylistsarebeneficialD.WedonotfullyunderstandhowthebrainisorganizedE.So,onceweticksomethingoffourlist,ourbrainsforgetitandwecanrelaxF.However,onesimpletoolthathelpsusstayontopofeverythingisthetodolistG.Researcherstestedtheinterferenceofthe“Zeigarnikeffect“onagroupofpeople【答案】36.F37.C38.A39.G40.E【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了待辦事項清單可以提高效率，分析了背后的原因?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)后文“Writethemdown,dothetasksandcrossthemoffsimple!(把它們寫下來，完成任務(wù)，然后劃掉——簡單！)”可知，本句給出的建議是制定待辦事項清單，故F選項“然而，有一個簡單的工具可以幫助我們掌握一切，那就是待辦事項清單”符合題意，且與上文“Overflowingemailinboxes,housework,socialobligations,itcanbeeasytofeelataloss.(郵箱爆滿，家務(wù)，社會責(zé)任，很容易讓人不知所措)”構(gòu)成明顯的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。故選F?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)后文“Firstly,theyhelptodrownoutthechaosandanxietythatewithhavingneverendingtasks.Bywritingeverythingdown,wedon’thavetorelyonourmemory.(首先，它們有助于淹沒無休止的任務(wù)帶來的混亂和焦慮。通過把所有的東西都寫下來，我們就不必依賴我們的記憶了)”以及Secondly和finally可知，本段的主旨是清單是好處的三個原因。故C選項“為什么清單是有益的有三個關(guān)鍵原因”符合語境，故選C?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Bywritingeverythingdown,wedon’thavetorelyonourmemory.(通過把所有的東西都寫下來，我們就不必依賴我們的記憶了)”可知，上文提到了通過把所有的東西都寫下來，我們就不必依賴我們的記憶，由此可知，我們可以把注意力集中在手頭的任務(wù)上。故A選項“我們可以把注意力集中在手頭的任務(wù)上”符合語境，故選A。【39題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Anotherpossiblereasonourbrainslovelistsissomethingcalledthe“Zeigarnikeffect”.Thisisthenamepsychologistsuseforwhenwerememberthingsweneedtodobetterthanthingswehavealreadypleted.(我們的大腦喜歡清單的另一個可能原因是所謂的“蔡加尼克效應(yīng)”。心理學(xué)家用這個詞來形容我們記住的事情要比我們已經(jīng)完成的事情做得更好)”以及后文“Theexperimentbeganwithawarmuptask,thoughitwasstoppedhalfwaythrough,andonlysomepeoplewereallowedtomakeplanstofinishit.(實驗從一個熱身任務(wù)開始，但中途停止了，只有一些人被允許制定完成任務(wù)的計劃)”可知，本句是在說明研究人員在一些人身上測試上文提到的“蔡加尼克效應(yīng)”。故G選項“研究人員測試了“蔡加尼克效應(yīng)”對一組人的干擾”符合語境，故選G?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Theexperimentbeganwithawarmuptask,thoughitwasstoppedhalfwaythrough,andonlysomepeoplewereallowedtomakeplanstofinishit.

Theresearchersfoundthatthegrouppermittedtoplanhadreducedanxietyandperformedbetterinthesecondtask. Theproblemwasthattheothersstillhadthewarmuptaskstuckintheiractivememoryanuntickedlistoftasks.

(實驗從一個熱身任務(wù)開始，但中途停止了，只有一些人被允許制定完成任務(wù)的計劃。研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，被允許做計劃的那組人焦慮減少，在第二項任務(wù)中表現(xiàn)更好。問題是其他人的活動記憶中仍然有熱身任務(wù)——一個未打勾的任務(wù)列表)”可知，完成清單中的任務(wù)可以讓大腦放松。故E選項“所以，一旦我們在清單上劃掉某件事，我們的大腦就會忘記它，我們就可以放松了”符合語境，故選E。第三部分語言運用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Whe