江蘇省鎮(zhèn)江市鎮(zhèn)江中學(xué)2020-2021學(xué)年高二上學(xué)期第二次月考英語(yǔ)試題

江蘇省鎮(zhèn)江中學(xué)高二教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測(cè)（英語(yǔ)）一、聽(tīng)力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共5小題,每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng).并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后,你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Inasupermarket.B.Inaclassroom.C.Athome.2.Whendothespeakersneedtochecktheirtickets?A.At7:15pm.B.At8:30pmC.At8:45pm.3.Whatdoesthemanliketoplaynow?A.Basketball.B.Baseball.C.Tennis.4,WhatdoesthemansayaboutUncleJim?A.Heworkshard.B.Hisisoftenlateforwork.C.Hespeakswithhismouthfulloffood5.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Thepriceofthebed.B.Thepriceofthefridge.C.Thepriceofthewashingmachine.第二節(jié)供15小題；每小題1?5分，滿分22.5分）聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽(tīng)完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽(tīng)第6段材料，回答第6至7題。6.Whatcoloristhewoman'sdog?A.Black.B.Brown.C.White.7.Whatisthewomandoingnow?A.Buyingapresent.B.Lookingforacat.C.Attendingaparty.聽(tīng)第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8.What'stheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Neighbors.B.Colleagues.C.Teacherandstudent9.Whatmonthisitnow?A.May.B.July.C.September.10.Whatdoesthewomanoffertodofortheman?A.Typehispaper.B.Presenthisfindings.C.Helpdotheresearch.聽(tīng)第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11.Whatisthemanthoughttobeguiltyof?A.Killingsomeone.B.Damagingsomething.C.Stealingsomething.12.Whoisthevictim?A.Theman'ssecretary.B.Theman'sfriend.C.Theman'spartner.13.Whatdoyouthinkoftheman?A.Happy.B.Excited.C.Calm.聽(tīng)第9段材料，回答第14至16題。14.Whatdidthewomanforget?A.Herbriefcase.B.Herdog.C.Herfriend15.Whathappenedtothewomanthen?A.Shebrokeherarm.B.Shewonaprize.C.Shemissedherfight.16.Whatwasthewoman'sflightlike?A.Crowdedbutnice.B.Noisyandunfortable.C.Quietandrelaxing.聽(tīng)第10段材料,回答第17至20題。17.Whatisitabout?A.Weather.B.Books.C.Films.18.Whichcitydoesittalkabout?A.NewYork.B.Melbourne.C.London.19.Whatistomorrowlike?A.Itwillbecold.B.Itwillbewarm.C.Itwillbecool.20.Whichdayissuitableforcamping?A.Wednesday.B.Friday.C.Sunday.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題25分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AYouprobablyknowwhoMarieCuriewas,butyoumaynothaveheardofRachelCarson.Oftheoutstandingladieslistedbelow,whodoyouthinkwasthemostimportantwomanofthepast100years?JaneAddams(1860－1935)AnyonewhohaseverbeenhelpedbyasocialworkerhasJaneAddamstothank.Addamshelpedthepoorandworkedforpeace.Sheencouragedasenseofmunity(社區(qū))bycreatingsheltersandpromotingeducationandservicesforpeopleinneed.In1931,AddamsbecamethefirstAmericanwomantowintheNobelPeacePrize.RachelCarson(1907－1964)Ifitweren’tforRachelCarson,theenvironmentalmovementmightnotexisttoday.Herpopular1962bookSilentSpringraisedawarenessofthedangerofpollutionandtheharmfuleffectsofchemicalsonhumansandontheworld'slakesandoceans.SandraDayO’Connor(1930－present)WhenSandraDayO'ConnorfinishedthirdinherclassatStanfordLawRosaParks(1913－2005)OnDecember1,1955,inMontgomery,Alabama,RosaParkswouldnotgiveupherseatonabustoawhitepassenger.HersimpleactlandedParksinprison.Butitalsosetoffthe1.WhatwasthereasonforO’Connor’sbeingrejectedbythelawfirm?A.Herlackofpropertraininginlaw. B.Herlittleworkexperienceincourt.C.Thediscriminationagainstwomen. D.Thepoorfinancialconditions.2.Whomadeagreatcontributiontotheequalrightsofthecitizens?A.JaneAddams. B.RachelCarson.C.SandraDayO'Connor. D.RosaParks.3.Whatcanweinferaboutthewomenmentionedinthetext?A.Theyarehighlyeducated. B.Theyaretrulycreative.C.Theyarepioneers. D.Theyarepeacelovers.【答案】1.C2.D3.C【解析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了四位偉大又有影響力的女性，以及她們?cè)诟髯灶I(lǐng)域的成就。【1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)SandraDayO’Connor部分的“shecouldnotfindworkatalawfirmbecauseshewasawoman.”可知，因?yàn)槭桥?，她在律師事?wù)所找不到工作。由此可知，桑德拉?戴?奧康納被律師公司拒絕是因?yàn)閷?duì)婦女的歧視。故選C。【2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)RosaParks部分的“RosaParkswouldnotgiveupherseatonabustoawhitepassenger.HersimpleactlandedParksinprison.ButitalsosetofftheMontgomerybusboycott.Itlastedformorethanayear,andkickedoffthecivilrightsmovement.”可知，羅莎·帕克斯不會(huì)在公共汽車上給白人乘客讓座。她的簡(jiǎn)單行為使帕克斯進(jìn)了監(jiān)獄。但這也引發(fā)了蒙哥馬利的公車抵制運(yùn)動(dòng)。它持續(xù)了一年多，拉開(kāi)了民權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)的序幕。由此可知，羅莎?帕克斯對(duì)美國(guó)民權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)做出了巨大的貢獻(xiàn)。故選D?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知：珍妮?亞當(dāng)斯是第一個(gè)獲得諾貝爾和平獎(jiǎng)的美國(guó)女性；雷切爾?卡森的作品《寂靜的春天》提高了人們對(duì)污染的危險(xiǎn)性和化學(xué)物質(zhì)對(duì)人類和世界湖泊和海洋的危害性的認(rèn)識(shí)；桑德拉?戴?奧康納是美國(guó)首位聯(lián)邦最高法院女法官；羅莎?帕克斯在公共汽車上拒絕為白人讓座，拉開(kāi)了民權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)的序幕。由此推知，文中提到的幾位女性都是先鋒人物。故選C。BWhenJenniferDoudnawasinsixthgrade,shecamehomeonedaytofindthatherdadhadleftabooktitledTheDoubleHelixonherbed.Sheputitaside,thinkingitwasoneofthosedetectivetalessheloved.OnarainySaturday,shepickedupthebook.Asshespedthroughthepages,shebecamefascinatedbythedrama,whichencouragedhertoexplorenature'swonders.Eventhoughherhighschoolteachertoldherthatgirlsdidn'tbeescientists,shedecidedshewould.Sheworkedwithabiologist,Charpentier,toturnacuriosityofnatureintoaninvention—aneasytousetoolthatcaneditDNA.KnownasCrispr,thetoolwilltransformthehumanrace.JamesWatson,theauthorofTheDoubleHelix,latertoldheritwasthemostimportantbiologicaladvance:sinceheandFrancisCrickdiscoveredthestructureofDNA.Forthisachievement,DoudnaandCharpentierwereawardedtheNobelPrizeinChemistryin2020.Untilnow,onlyfivewomen,beginningwithMarieCuriein1911,hadwonorsharedtheNobelforChemistryoutof184awardwinners.Whenthisyear'sprizewasannounced,Dr.Charpentiersaiditwouldprovideamessagespecificallytoyounggirlswhowouldliketofollowthepathofscienceandtoshowthemthatwomencanalsobeawardedprizes.Afewdecadesfromnow,ifitbeespossibleandsatetoeditDNA,shouldweallowparentstoimprovetheIQandphysicalstrengthoftheirkids?Shouldweletthemdecideeyecolor?Skincolor?Height?AfterhelpingtodiscoverCrispr,Dr.Doudnahasbeealeaderinconsideringthesemoralissues.That'sthemainmessageweshouldtakefromthisNobel:Newtechnologiescanbeahugebenefittothehumanrace,butinordertomakesuretheyareusedwisely,it'simportantforpeopletounderstandthem.4.JenniferDoudnadecidedtobeeascientistbecause,__________A.herfatherpushedher B.abookinspiredherC.herteacherencouragedher D.JamesWatsonmotivatedher5.Dr.DoudnawasawardedtheNobelPrizebecause,__________.A.shewrotethebook“TheDoubleHelix" B.shediscoveredthestructureofDNAC.sheisahardworkingwomanscientist D.shehelpedinventatoolforeditingDNA6.Accordingtopassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A.Thetwowomen'ssuccesswillinspiremoregirlstobedevotedtoscience.B.Since1911,therehavebeen184peoplewhowontheNobelforchemistry.C.Ifgirlsfollowthepathofscience,theywillsurelyachievetheirgoals.D.Crisprwillmakeabigdifferencetothehumanrace.7.WhichwordscanbestdescribeJenniferDoudna?A.Determinedandresponsible. B.Ambitiousandhumorous.C.Cruelandindifferent. D.Fearlessandstubborn.【答案】4.B5.D6.C7.A【解析】這是一篇記敘文。文中主要介紹了女科學(xué)家JenniferDoudna的個(gè)人經(jīng)歷和成就。她與生物學(xué)家Charpentier合作，發(fā)明了一種易于使用的可以編輯DNA的工具，這個(gè)被稱為Crispr的工具將改變?nèi)祟?。由于這一成就，她也與Charpentier在2020年被授予諾貝爾化學(xué)獎(jiǎng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“OnarainySaturday,shepickedupthebook.Asshespedthroughthepages,shebecamefascinatedbythedrama,whichencouragedhertoexplorenature'swonders.Eventhoughherhighschoolteachertoldherthatgirlsdidn'tbeescientists,shedecidedshewould.(在一個(gè)下著雨的星期六，她拿起那本書(shū)。當(dāng)她快速瀏覽書(shū)頁(yè)時(shí)，她被戲劇迷住了，這鼓勵(lì)她去探索大自然的奇跡。盡管她的高中老師告訴她，女孩不能成為科學(xué)家，但她還是決定成為科學(xué)家)”可知，JenniferDoudna是因?yàn)槭艿揭槐緯?shū)的啟發(fā)，決心成為一名科學(xué)家。故選B。【5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Sheworkedwithabiologist,Charpentier,toturnacuriosityofnatureintoaninvention—aneasytousetoolthatcaneditDNA.KnownasCrispr,thetoolwilltransformthehumanrace.(她與生物學(xué)家Charpentier合作，將對(duì)大自然的好奇轉(zhuǎn)化為一項(xiàng)發(fā)明——一種易于使用的可以編輯DNA的工具。這個(gè)被稱為Crispr的工具將改變?nèi)祟?”以及第四段中“Forthisachievement,DoudnaandCharpentierwereawardedtheNobelPrizeinChemistryin2020.(由于這一成就，Doudna和Charpentier在2020年被授予諾貝爾化學(xué)獎(jiǎng))”可知，Doudna因幫助發(fā)明了DNA編輯工具而獲得諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)。故選D。【6題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“KnownasCrispr,thetoolwilltransformthehumanrace.(這個(gè)被稱為Crispr的工具將改變?nèi)祟?”可知D選項(xiàng)“Crispr將對(duì)人類產(chǎn)生重大影響”正確；以及第四段中“Untilnow,onlyfivewomen,beginningwithMarieCuriein1911,hadwonorsharedtheNobelforChemistryoutof184awardwinners.Whenthisyear'sprizewasannounced,Dr.Charpentiersaiditwouldprovideamessagespecificallytoyounggirlswhowouldliketofollowthepathofscienceandtoshowthemthatwomencanalsobeawardedprizes.(到目前為止，在184位諾貝爾化學(xué)獎(jiǎng)得主中，只有5位女性獲得或與他人共同獲得諾貝爾化學(xué)獎(jiǎng)，這始于1911年的MarieCurie。當(dāng)今年的獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)宣布時(shí)，Charpentier博士說(shuō)，它將特別向那些想要走上科學(xué)道路的年輕女孩們傳遞一個(gè)信息，并向她們展示女性也可以獲獎(jiǎng))”可知A選項(xiàng)“兩位女士的成功將激勵(lì)更多的女孩投身科學(xué)”、B選項(xiàng)“自1911年以來(lái)，已有184人獲得諾貝爾化學(xué)獎(jiǎng)”正確。故C選項(xiàng)“如果女孩們遵循科學(xué)的道路，她們一定會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)她們的目標(biāo)”文中沒(méi)有提到，不正確。故選C。【7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“Eventhoughherhighschoolteachertoldherthatgirlsdidn’tbeescientists,shedecidedshewould.(盡管她的高中老師告訴她，女孩不能成為科學(xué)家，但她還是決定成為科學(xué)家)”可知JenniferDoudna是一個(gè)意志堅(jiān)定的人；以及最后一段中“AfterhelpingtodiscoverCrispr,Dr.Doudnahasbeealeaderinconsideringthesemoralissues.(在幫助發(fā)現(xiàn)Crispr之后，Doudna成為了考慮這些道德問(wèn)題的領(lǐng)軍人物)”可知這位杰出的女科學(xué)家目前正在積極應(yīng)對(duì)基因編輯技術(shù)的應(yīng)用所引起的倫理問(wèn)題，可見(jiàn)JenniferDoudna是一個(gè)負(fù)責(zé)任的人。故選A。CStudyinghowpeoplemovetomusicisapowerfultoolforresearcherslookingtounderstandhowandwhymusicaffectsusthewayitdoes.Overthelastfewyears,researchersattheCenterforInterdisciplinaryMusicResearchinFinlandhaveusedmotioncapture(運(yùn)動(dòng)捕捉)technologytolearnthatyourdancemovessayalotaboutyou,suchaswhatmoodyouhappentobein,andevenhowmuchyouunderstandotherpeople'sfeelings.Recently,however,theydiscoveredsomethingamazing.Infact,weweren'tlookingforthisresult,aswesetouttostudysomethingpletelydifferent,explainsDr.EmilyCarlson,thefirstauthorofthestudy.“Ouroriginalideawastoseeifwecouldusemachinestoidentifywhichcategoryofmusicourparticipantsweredancingto,basedontheirmovements.”The73participantsinthestudyweremotioncaptureddancingtoeightdifferentcategories.Theonlyinstructiontheyreceivedwastolistentothemusicandmoveanywaytheyfeltnatural.Theresearchersthenanalyzedtheirmovementsusingmachinelearning,tryingtodistinguishbetweenthedifferentkindsofmusic.Unfortunately,theirputeralgorithm(算法)wasabletoidentifythecorrectkindlessthan30%ofthetime.Theywereshockedtodiscover,however,thattheputercouldcorrectlyidentifywhichofthe73individualswasdancing94%ofthetime.Lefttochance(thatis,iftheputerhadsimplyguessedwithoutanyinformationtogoon),theexpectedaccuracywouldbelessthan2%.“Itseemsasthoughapersonasdancemovementsareakindoffingerprint,”saysDr.PasiSaari,coauthorofthestudyanddataanalyst,“Eachpersonhasauniquemovementsignaturethatstaysthesamenomatterwhatkindofmusicisplaying.”Somekinds,however,hadmoreeffectonindividualdancemovementsthanothers.TheputerwaslessaccurateinidentifyingindividualswhentheyweredancingtoMetalmusic.8.Whatdidtheresearchersoriginallyintendtofind?A.Whatdancemovescouldsayaboutpeople.B.Whetherputerscouldtelldancers'musiccategory.C.Howdancemovementsreflectedone'spersonality.D.Whateffectsmusiccategoryhadondancemoves.9.Whatmessageisconveyedinthelastparagraph?A.Dancemovementsdependonthekindofmusic.B.Allparticipantsdon'thavetheirspecificdancemoves.C.putersarebetteratrecognizingmusiccategory.D.Aperson'sdancestylealmostremainsunchanged.10.Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A.Toinformreadersofthefindingofastudy.B.Toexplainthelinkbetweendanceandmusic.C.Totellthedifferencesinvariousmusicdances.D.Toshowhowpowerfultheputeris.11.Whichisthetextprobablytakenfrom?A.Ascientificmagazine. B.Abiologytextbook.C.Abookreview. D.Ahealthnewspaper.【答案】8.B9.D10.A11.A【解析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章講述了，一個(gè)人舞蹈動(dòng)作就像是一種指紋，不受伴奏的音樂(lè)風(fēng)格的影響。【8題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段中的“Ouroriginalideawastoseeifwecouldusemachinestoidentifywhichcategoryofmusicourparticipantsweredancingto,basedontheirmovements.”（我們最初的想法是，看看我們是否可以使用機(jī)器，根據(jù)參與者的動(dòng)作，識(shí)別出他們是在哪一類音樂(lè)下跳舞的。），可知研究人員最初打算看機(jī)器是否能區(qū)分舞者的音樂(lè)類別。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由最后一段中的“Eachpersonhasauniquemovementsignaturethatstaysthesamenomatterwhatkindofmusicisplaying.”（每個(gè)人都有一個(gè)獨(dú)特的動(dòng)作特征，無(wú)論演奏什么樣的音樂(lè)，它都保持不變。），可知每個(gè)人獨(dú)特的舞蹈動(dòng)作會(huì)保持不變，說(shuō)明一個(gè)人的舞蹈風(fēng)格幾乎不變。故選D項(xiàng)。【10題詳解】推理判斷題。由其他段落關(guān)于“舞蹈動(dòng)作與音樂(lè)風(fēng)格”的相關(guān)研究和最后一段中的““Itseemsasthoughapersonasdancemovementsareakindoffingerprint,”saysDr.PasiSaari,coauthorofthestudyanddataanalyst,“Eachpersonhasauniquemovementsignaturethatstaysthesamenomatterwhatkindofmusicisplaying.””（“似乎一個(gè)人的舞蹈動(dòng)作是一種指紋，”這項(xiàng)研究的合著者和數(shù)據(jù)分析師帕西·薩里博士說(shuō)，“每個(gè)人都有一個(gè)獨(dú)特的動(dòng)作特征，無(wú)論演奏什么樣的音樂(lè)，它都保持不變?！保?，可知本文主要介紹了一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)：一個(gè)人的舞蹈動(dòng)作是獨(dú)特的，不受伴奏的音樂(lè)風(fēng)格的影響，可知課文的目的是告訴讀者一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)。故選A項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。由其他段落關(guān)于“舞蹈動(dòng)作與音樂(lè)風(fēng)格”的相關(guān)研究和最后一段中的““Itseemsasthoughapersonasdancemovementsareakindoffingerprint,”saysDr.PasiSaari,coauthorofthestudyanddataanalyst,“Eachpersonhasauniquemovementsignaturethatstaysthesamenomatterwhatkindofmusicisplaying.””（“似乎一個(gè)人的舞蹈動(dòng)作是一種指紋，”這項(xiàng)研究的合著者和數(shù)據(jù)分析師帕西·薩里博士說(shuō)，“每個(gè)人都有一個(gè)獨(dú)特的動(dòng)作特征，無(wú)論演奏什么樣的音樂(lè)，它都保持不變。”），可知本文主要介紹了一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)：一個(gè)人的舞蹈動(dòng)作是獨(dú)特的，不受伴奏的音樂(lè)風(fēng)格的影響，屬于科學(xué)研究文章，可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)在科學(xué)雜志。故選A項(xiàng)。DAsaCEOofastartup,yougetusedtohearing"no".Youalsofaceanendlesscontinuationofwhatfeelslikeshockingcrises,likenearlyrunningoutofcash,losingakeycustomer,discoveringawidespreadproductfailure,orhavingtoshutdownoperationsbecauseofaglobalpandemic.Butitturnsoutthatthesedisasterscanactuallybegoodforyou.Infact,I'mnotsurewhetheryoucaninnovatewithoutthem.Here'swhatallourcriseshavetaughtme.It'sgoodtobeunfortable.Weoncehadakeycustomerrequestabatterycapabilitythatwe'dneverdevelopedbefore.Thecustomermadeitclearthatifwecouldn'tdevelopthiscapability,they'dbelessconfidentinourproduct.Wewrestledwiththerisks,notleastofwhichwasthepotentialembarrassmentifwecouldn'tmeetthecustomer'sneeds.Weknewwe'dfacemanytechnicalproblemsifwetriedtogointooperation.Yetwedecidedtotrytosatisfythecustomer,evenifitwasn'tobviousatfirsthowwecouldgetitdone.Afewweekslaterwedeliveredsomethingbeyondwhatthecustomerhadaskedfor,andwe'vesincegrownthiscapabilityintoapowerfulsalestoolandpotentialrevenuestreamnottomentionitstrengthenedourrelationshipwiththecustomer.Shorttermfailureisgood.Afewyearsago,ourpanybegantoexpandourmanufacturingoutputinresponsetoacustomer'sneed.Intheprocesswediscoveredsomethingunusualwehadn'tseenduringsmallerscaleproduction.Ourteamdivedintofailureanalysis,andwefinallyputtheproblemdowntoasinglematerialwithinthebattery.We'dusedthismaterialforyears,butnowweneededareplacement.Oncewemadethatchange,thebatteryqualityandreliabilitygreatlyimproved.It'sokaytoshowweakness.OneofmyhardestdaysasCEOwasthedaywhenIfoundoutIwaspregnant.Wewereinthemiddleofraisingafundinground,andIhadbeentravelingnonstopforayear.Untilthatday,IhadassumedthatmyroleasCEOwastodisplaystrengthandconfidence.WiththemountingpressureIwasharderonmyselfthanIneededtobe,andnowIhadtheaddedstressofbeingpregnant.IdecidedtoacknowledgetomyteamthatIwasbreakingdown.Theyunitedtogetherandfoundwaystooperatemoresmoothlyandmunicatemoreeffectively,supportingmetofocusmytimeonmostpressinggoals.Thisgavemenotonlythespacetoplanforthepany’sfuture,butalsotoprepareformyownnewnormal:leadingwhilebeingafirsttimemother.12.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"them"inParagraph1referto?A.Frequentrejections.B.Financialcrises.CGlobalpandemics.D.Endlessdisasters.13.WhatdoestheauthorwanttoconveyinParagraph2？ACustomers'requestsshouldbecarefullyevaluated.B.Meetingchallengescanbringaboutextrabenefits.C.Thepanyshouldkeeplaunchingnewproducts.D.Innovationistheonlywaytowinfiercepetition.14.Howdoestheauthorproveshorttermfailureisbeneficial?A.Bydrawingaparison.B.Bygivinganexample.C.Bychallengingassumptions.D.Bydoinganexperiment.15.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.LearntoletgoB.MakeitasaCEOC.ThinkdeepsometimesD.Makefriendswithcrises【答案】12.D13.B14.B15.D【解析】【分析】本文是議論文。論述了危機(jī)對(duì)自身成長(zhǎng)的幫助，呼吁大家微笑面對(duì)它，和危機(jī)成為朋友?！?2題詳解】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第一段them所在句子的前一句“...thesedisasterscanactuallybegoodforyou.這些災(zāi)難事實(shí)上可以對(duì)你有好處”可知，them指的是前文所提到的無(wú)盡“災(zāi)難”。故選D。【13題詳解】推理判斷題。第二段“Yetwedecidedtotrytosatisfythecustomer,evenifitwasn'tobviousatfirsthowwecouldgetitdone.Afewweekslaterwedeliveredsomethingbeyondwhatthecustomerhadaskedfor,andwe'vesincegrownthiscapabilityintoapowerfulsalestoolandpotentialrevenuestreamnottomentionitstrengthenedourrelationshipwiththecustomer.”可知，面對(duì)顧客更高的要求，團(tuán)隊(duì)在努力的過(guò)程中提高了能力，加深了和顧客的關(guān)系，可見(jiàn)遇到適當(dāng)超出能力的挑戰(zhàn)會(huì)帶來(lái)超額的利益。故選B。【14題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Shorttermfailureisgood.Afewyearsago,ourpanybegantoexpandourmanufacturingoutputinresponsetoacustomer'sneed.”得知，在論述短時(shí)的失敗是有好處的時(shí)，作者舉出了自己團(tuán)隊(duì)解決電池問(wèn)題造成的產(chǎn)能下降這個(gè)例子。由此推知，是通過(guò)舉例的方式來(lái)闡述這個(gè)論點(diǎn)的。故選B。【15題詳解】主旨大意題。結(jié)合全文來(lái)看都圍繞著危機(jī)這個(gè)命題進(jìn)行論述，第一段也開(kāi)頭點(diǎn)出了中心，要樂(lè)觀看待危機(jī)，在其中成長(zhǎng)；而不是隨它去、用CEO的方式做到、思考深入。因此建議我們與危機(jī)為友。故D“與危機(jī)成為朋友”可以作為本文最佳標(biāo)題。故選D。【點(diǎn)睛】第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Wheredoyouseeyourselfinfiveyears?Whilesomeofusmighthaveanswerstothat,therealityisthatmostofusdon’t.ThatistotallyOK.Wemaynotstresstoomuchaboutthefuture.___16___.◆Stopworryingaboutwhathasn’thappenedyetWe’vealldoneit.Worryingaboutasituationthathasn’thappenedyetisonlygoingtoruinallthegoodthingsthatarehappeningnow.___17___.Ifitisreallyeatingyouup,trythinkingaboutwhatyoucandorightnowtoavoidanynegativesituationsyoumightbeworriedabout.◆___18___Savingforahouse,butyourfriendinvitesyouonalastminutegroupgetaway?Goforit!Groupholidayswithallyourfriendsdon’tearoundoften.Asyougetolderandpeoplestarttheirfamilies,theyarelesslikelytohappen.Goodmemorieswillalwaysbeprecious.◆SurroundyourselfwithpeoplethatmakeyoufeelgoodInordertofullyliveinthepresent,surroundyourselfwithpeoplethatmakeyoufeelgood.___19___.Ifyoufindyourselfdoubtingyourachievementsandfeelinglessthansomeonebecausetheyhaveanicercarorabetterjob,takeastepawayfromthemforawhileuntilyoufeelbetter.◆Putyourselffirstandstoptryingtopleaseeveryoneelse___20___.Lookingafteryourselfbeforeanyoneelseisthemostimportant.Worktowardsthegoalsyouwanttoachieve,nottheonesotherswantyoutoachieve.Justmakesurethatanythingyoudoisdoneforyou!A.TakethingsastheyeB.YouareyourownnumberoneC.TryhardtomakemorefriendsD.YoucanalwaystakecareofothersE.HerearesometipsabouthowtoliveinthenowF.Itissoeasytogetcaughtupinotherpeople’slivesG.Focusingonthefuturetoomuchmakesthepresentlessvaluable【答案】16.E17.G18.A19.F20.B【解析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章講述了有些人可能知道未來(lái)的自己身處何方而有些人可能不知道，不過(guò)這是正常的。作者給出了一些關(guān)于如何活在當(dāng)下的提示。【16題詳解】考查段尾句。前文提到：五年后你預(yù)計(jì)自己會(huì)在哪里？盡管我們當(dāng)中有些人可能對(duì)此有答案，但現(xiàn)實(shí)是我們中大多數(shù)人并不清楚。那并沒(méi)有什么問(wèn)題。我們可能不會(huì)過(guò)度關(guān)注未來(lái)。E項(xiàng)（這里有一些關(guān)于如何活在當(dāng)下的提示。）與上文連接通順。故選E項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】考查段中句。前文提到：擔(dān)心尚未發(fā)生的情況只會(huì)破壞現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的所有美好的事情。后文提到：如果有什么事情確實(shí)讓你苦惱，請(qǐng)嘗試考慮一下現(xiàn)在可以做什么以避免你可能擔(dān)心的任何不利情況。G項(xiàng)（過(guò)度關(guān)注未來(lái)會(huì)使現(xiàn)在的價(jià)值變少。）與上下文連接通順。故選G項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】考查段落標(biāo)題。本段提到：存錢買房子，但你的朋友邀請(qǐng)你參加最后的團(tuán)體度假怎么辦？去吧！與你的所有朋友一起集體度假的機(jī)會(huì)不多。隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)和人們開(kāi)始家庭生活，那樣的機(jī)會(huì)越來(lái)越少。美好的回憶將永遠(yuǎn)是寶貴的。A項(xiàng)（既來(lái)之則安之。）可以作為段落標(biāo)題。故選A項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】考查段中句。前文提到：為了充分活在當(dāng)下，請(qǐng)與能夠讓你感覺(jué)良好的人在一起。后文提到：如果你發(fā)現(xiàn)自己對(duì)自己的成就表示懷疑，并因?yàn)槟橙藫碛懈玫钠嚮蚋玫墓ぷ鞫械阶约翰蝗鐒e人，請(qǐng)離開(kāi)他們一段時(shí)間，直到你感覺(jué)良好為止。F項(xiàng)（很容易陷入別人的生活對(duì)自己產(chǎn)生的困擾中去。）與上下文連接通順。故選F項(xiàng)。【20題詳解】考查段首句。后文提到：最重要的是要先照顧好自己。努力實(shí)現(xiàn)你要實(shí)現(xiàn)的目標(biāo)，而不是別人要你實(shí)現(xiàn)的目標(biāo)。確保你所做的一切都是為自己而做！B項(xiàng)（你自己的生活排在第一位。）與下文連接通順。故選B項(xiàng)。第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分35分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文…從每題所給的A，B、CD四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Mydadwasafarmer.Heneverregardedanyoneasa___21___.Hecouldreallytalktoanyperson,andhisfavoritethingtodowasto___22___theirine.OncewewereatChicago'sO'HareAirport,andmydadwassittingwithmeasIwaswaitingformy___23___ARussianwomanwhocouldnotspeakawordofEnglishsatnexttomydad,butthatdidnot___24___him.Atlast,hefoundoutherbusiness,howmanychildrenshehadandofcoursehowmuchshemade.Iwasashypersonandusedtobesomewhat___25___bythis.Mymomwasavery___26___personaswell,soshewas___27___bythistoo.Butmymomtoldmeastoryabouthowshewasinthedoctor'sofficewithdadand___28___hewashisusualselftalkingtoothersallthetimeinthewaitingroom.Mydadevenstartedtalkingtoayoungmaninawheelchairwhocouldneither___29___normovehisarmsorhead.He____30____coulddonothing.Butmydadstillkeptaskinghimquestionsandfinallygottheyoungmantosmilein____31____,Andhecarriedonlikethatwiththe____32____manuntilhewascalledbacktomedoctor'soffice.Thenthefatheroftheyoungmancameoven____33____mydad'shandandsaid,"Thankyoufor____34____tomyson,mostpeoplejustturnawaywhentheyseehim.”Hearingthat,Irealizedthatmyfather's____35____oftalkingcouldmakeadifference.21.A.leader B.partner C.visitor D.stranger22.A.lookinto B.holdout C.findout D.addto23.A.boat B.flight C.train D.ferry24.A.strengthen B.shock C.encourage D.stop25.A.embarrassed B.touched C.polished D.frightened26.A.outgoing B.private C.severe D.active27.A.appreciated B.inspired C.bothered D.threatened28.A.whether B.when C.why D.how29.A.act B.smile C.talk D.drive30.A.gradually B.actually C.entirely D.merely31.A.conclusion B.surprise C.power D.response32.A.confident B.disabled C.nervous D.disturbed33.A.shook. B.struck C.adapted D.scratched34.A.sticking B.opening C.speaking D.reacting35.A.love B.way C.content D.tone【答案】21.D22.C23.B24.D25.A26.B27.C28.D29.C30.B31.D32.B33.A34.C35.A【解析】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者的父親是個(gè)愛(ài)說(shuō)話的人，從不把任何人當(dāng)作陌生人，可以和任何人交談。不管是在機(jī)場(chǎng)遇到的不會(huì)說(shuō)一句英文的俄羅斯女人，還是在辦公室遇到的殘疾年輕人，父親都能和對(duì)方交談。最后，殘疾年輕人的父親來(lái)感謝作者的父親，讓作者意識(shí)到，父親對(duì)說(shuō)話的熱愛(ài)可能會(huì)給其他人帶來(lái)一些改變?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他從不把任何人當(dāng)作陌生人。A.leader領(lǐng)導(dǎo)；B.partner伙伴；C.visitor參觀者；D.stranger陌生人。根據(jù)下文“Hecouldreallytalktoanyperson”可知，父親從不把任何人當(dāng)作陌生人對(duì)待，他可以和任何人交談。故選D。【22題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：他真的可以和任何人交談，而他最喜歡做的事就是弄清楚他們的收入。A.lookinto調(diào)查；B.holdout伸出來(lái)，堅(jiān)持；C.findout查明，弄清楚；D.addto增加。根據(jù)“theirine”以及“hefoundoutherbusiness”可知，父親喜歡去弄清楚別人的收入。故選C。【23題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：有一次，我們?cè)谥ゼ痈绲膴W黑爾機(jī)場(chǎng)，我在等飛機(jī)的時(shí)候，爸爸坐在我旁邊。A.boat船；B.flight航班飛機(jī)；C.train火車；D.ferry渡船。根據(jù)上文“OncewewereatChicago'sO'HareAirport”可知，是在機(jī)場(chǎng)等待飛機(jī)。故選B?！?4題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：一位不會(huì)說(shuō)英語(yǔ)的俄羅斯婦女坐在我父親旁邊，但這并沒(méi)有阻止他與她交談。A.strengthen加強(qiáng)；B.shock使震驚；C.encourage鼓勵(lì)；D.stop停止。根據(jù)下文“Atlast,hefoundoutherbusiness,howmanychildrenshehadandofcoursehowmuchshemade.”可知，即使對(duì)方不會(huì)說(shuō)英語(yǔ)，也沒(méi)能阻止父親去弄清別人的家庭情況和收入。故選D。【25題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我是一個(gè)害羞的人，曾經(jīng)為此感到有些尷尬。A.embarrassed尷尬的；B.touched感動(dòng)的；C.polished拋光的，擦亮的；D.frightened害怕的。根據(jù)上文“Iwasashyperson”可知，作者本來(lái)就害羞，所以對(duì)父親的這一做法肯定是感到有些尷尬的。故選A?！?6題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我媽媽也是一個(gè)非常注重隱私的人，所以她也會(huì)為此煩惱。A.outgoing開(kāi)朗的；B.private私人的；C.severe嚴(yán)重的；D.active活躍的。根據(jù)后文“bythistoo”可知，母親也為父親的行為所煩惱，說(shuō)明母親是個(gè)注重隱私的人，不喜歡打聽(tīng)別人的私事。故選B。【27題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我媽媽也是一個(gè)非常注重隱私的人，所以她也會(huì)為此煩惱。A.appreciated欣賞，感激；B.inspired激勵(lì)；C.bothered煩惱；D.threatened威脅。母親注重隱私，所以父親的行為讓她煩惱。故選C。【28題詳解】考查賓語(yǔ)從句。句意：但我媽媽給我講了一個(gè)故事，講的是她和爸爸在醫(yī)生的辦公室里，他如何在候診室里經(jīng)常和別人自言自語(yǔ)的情況。A.whether是否；B.when當(dāng)……時(shí)候；C.why為什么；D.how怎么樣。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，“___8___hewashisusualselftalkingtoothersallthetimeinthewaitingroom.”為賓語(yǔ)從句，從句缺少方式狀語(yǔ)，需用連接副詞how引導(dǎo)。故選D。【29題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我父親甚至開(kāi)始和一個(gè)坐在輪椅上的年輕人交談，他既不能說(shuō)話，也不能移動(dòng)他的手臂和頭部。A.act行動(dòng)；B.smile微笑；C.talk談話；D.drive駕駛。根據(jù)第一段中“Hecouldreallytalktoanyperson”可知，父親和這個(gè)年輕人交談。故選C?！?0題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：他實(shí)際上什么也做不了。A.gradually逐漸地；B.actually事實(shí)上；C.entirely完全地；D.merely僅僅。根據(jù)上文“Mydadevenstartedtalkingtoayoungmaninawheelchairwhocouldneither___9___normovehisarmsorhead.”可知，年輕人既不能說(shuō)話，又不能移動(dòng)他的手臂和頭部，實(shí)際上就是什么都做不了。故選B?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：但爸爸還是不停地問(wèn)他問(wèn)題，最后那個(gè)年輕人以微笑回應(yīng)。A.conclusion結(jié)論；B.surprise驚訝；C.power力量；D.response反應(yīng)。根據(jù)上文“gottheyoungmantosmile”可知，父親得到了年輕人的微笑作為回應(yīng)。inresponse為固定短語(yǔ)，意為“作為回應(yīng)”。故選D。【32題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：他一直這樣對(duì)待那個(gè)殘疾人，直到他被叫回醫(yī)生的辦公室。A.confident自信的；B.disabled殘疾的；C.nervous緊張的；D.disturbed擾亂的。根據(jù)上文“Mydadevenstartedtalkingtoayoungmaninawheelchairwhocouldneither___9___normovehisarmsorhead.”可知，年輕人既不能說(shuō)話，又不能移動(dòng)他的手臂和頭部,因此他是個(gè)殘疾人。故選B。【33題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：然后那個(gè)年輕人的父親走過(guò)來(lái)，握著我父親的手說(shuō)：“謝謝你和我兒子說(shuō)話，大多數(shù)人看到他都會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)身去?！盇.shook搖晃；B.struck打擊；C.adapted適應(yīng)；D.scratched抓撓。根據(jù)后文“mydad'shand”可知，是握著父親的手。shakehands為固定短語(yǔ)，意為“握手”。故選A。【34題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：然后那個(gè)年輕人的父親走過(guò)來(lái)，握著我父親的手說(shuō)：“謝謝你和我兒子說(shuō)話，大多數(shù)人看到他都會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)身去?！盇.sticking堅(jiān)持；B.opening打開(kāi)；C.speaking說(shuō)話；D.reacting反應(yīng)。根據(jù)上文“mydadstillkeptaskinghimquestions”可知，父親一直問(wèn)年輕人問(wèn)題，和年輕人說(shuō)話。故選C。【35題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：聽(tīng)了他的話，我意識(shí)到父親對(duì)說(shuō)話的熱愛(ài)可能會(huì)影響到別人。A.love愛(ài)；B.way方法；C.content內(nèi)容；D.tone語(yǔ)氣。結(jié)合第一段中“Hecouldreallytalktoanyperson”可知，父親和每個(gè)人都交談，是個(gè)喜歡說(shuō)話的人。故選A。第二節(jié)(共10小題s每小題L5分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Happinessislikeasmallstone___36___(drop)intoapooltocauseacircleofripples.___37___Stevensonhassaid,beinghappyisaduty.Thereisnoexactdefinitionoftheword“happiness”.Happypeoplearehappy___38___allsortsofreasons.Thekeyisnotwealthorphysicalwellbeing,sincewefind___39___(home)people,disabledpeopleandsocalledlosersareextremelyhappy.Beinghappyisasortofunexpectedgain.Butstayinghappyis___40___acplishment,asuccessofsoulandcharacter.Actuallyitisnotselfishtostriveforit.Itis,indeed,adutytoourselvesandothers.Beingunhappyislikeaninfectiousdisease.Itcausespeople___41___(stay)awayfromthesufferer.Hesoonfindshimselfalone.Thereis,however,acureforit:ifyoudon’tfeelhappy,pretendtobe.Itworks.Beforelongyouwillfindthatinsteadofrepellingpeople,youattractthem.Youwill