高中英語動詞不定式的用法詳解

Unit1RevisetheInfinitive

livingwellDoyoubelieveIcanflylikeabird?HowcanyoubelieveIcanflylikeabird?_______istobelieve.It’simpossibleforhumans_________________now.Toseetoflylikeabird結(jié)構(gòu):todo;(否認(rèn))nottodo二.

時態(tài)與語態(tài)主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)一般式進(jìn)行式完成式完成進(jìn)行式不定式

todo

tobedone

tobedoing

tohavedone

tohavebeendone

tohavebeendoing--------------------(1).Theypretendednottoseeus.(2).Hepretendedtobesleeping.(3).Shepretendedtohaveknownitbefore.(一般式表示與謂語的動作同時/幾乎同時/發(fā)生在它之后.)(進(jìn)行式表示在謂語動詞發(fā)生的同時,不定式的動作也正在進(jìn)行)(完成式表示動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前)(4).We’rehappytohavebeenworkingwith

you.(完成進(jìn)行式表示謂語動作發(fā)生之前,不定式的動作一直在進(jìn)行而且可能之后也繼續(xù))1.作主語2.作賓語3.作賓語補足語4.作定語5.作狀語6.作表語7.作獨立成分8.與疑問詞等連用(1).不定式作主語時,往往放在謂語之后,用it作形式主語.Toseeistobelieve.

It’simpossibleforhumanstoflylikeabirdnow.Myjobto________________.Yourtaskto_____________.(2).不定式作表語protecttheworld.Helikesto______________.Ifinditstillnecessary(forhim)

to___________ifhewantstowin.(3)不定式作賓語playbasketball句型：think/consider/findit+adj.+todo常接動詞不定式作賓語的動詞有：agree,afford,appear,ask,attempt；care,choose,claim；dare,decide,demand,deserve,determine；expect,fail,get,guarantee；hate,hesitate,hope,hurry；intend,learn,manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise；refuse,seem,tend,threaten；want,wish等+todo。Theteachertoldmeto____________

Iexpectyouto____________.

(4).不定式作賓補handinmypapersTheteachertoldmetocleantheblackboard.Iexpectyoutogivemesomehelp.引導(dǎo)不定式作賓補的動詞：五看

watchsee

lookat

observe

notice三使

let

make

have

二聽

listento

hear一感覺:

feelWarn,tell,allow,help,ask,force等+sbtodosth+sbdosth〔省略to〕Imadehimdohiswork.Hewasmadetodohiswork(byme).變成被動，被省略的to要復(fù)原。不定式用在介詞but,except,besides后時,如果這些介詞前有行為動詞do的各種形式,那么介詞后的不定式不帶to,相反那么帶to.(1).Shecoulddonothingbutcry.(2).Ihavenochoicebuttogo.Note1Note2Ihavesomethingtosay,butmybrotherhasalotofhomework_____,soIamlookingforsomeone__________.(5).不定式作定語不定式作定語時，應(yīng)放在被修飾詞的后面，而且放在其他后置定語之后。1.作定語的不定式如果是不及物動詞，或者不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動作的地點、工具等，不定式后面須有相應(yīng)的介詞。Heislookingforaroomtolivein.2.不定式所修飾的名詞如果是time,place或way，不定式后面的介詞習(xí)慣上要省去。Hehadnomoneyandnoplacetolivein.3.something,anything,nothing,everything等復(fù)合不定代詞常用不定式做后置定語。注意比較：1)Haveyouanythingtosend?你有什么東西要寄嗎？2)Haveyouanythingtobesent?你有什么要〔我或別人〕寄的東西嗎？

〔不定式tosend的動作執(zhí)行者是you〕〔不定式tobesent的動作執(zhí)行者是已被省略的me或someoneelse〕Igotupearlyto______________.

Icamehereto___________.(6)不定式作狀語inorderto,soasto,enoughto,onlyto,too….to.,catchthetrainTotellthetruth,Iamnothappyatthemoment.(7).獨立結(jié)構(gòu)tobefrank,tobehonest,totellthetruthHedidn’tknow____________.(8).與疑問詞等連用whattosay不定式與疑問詞who,which,when,how,what等連用，在句中起名詞作用，可充當(dāng)主語、表語、賓語等。Hedidn’tknowwhattosay.(賓語)Howtosolvetheproblemisveryimportant.(主語)Myquestioniswhentostart.(表語)注意：在與why連用時，只用于why或whynot開頭的簡短疑問句中，后面緊跟的動詞不定式不帶to。

Whynothavearest?(9)不定式的省略(1).不定式中的動詞上文已出現(xiàn)過,下文要省略該動詞.e.g.:Wouldyouliketogowithme?I’dliketo.(2).不定式是tobe結(jié)構(gòu),be不可省.e.g.:Wouldyouliketobeateacher?I’dliketobe.Martysays…2.Ihavelearnedtoadapttomydisability.3.Iusedtoclimbtreesandswimandplayfootball.4.ThenIstartedtogetweakerandweaker.HaveALk1.Thedoctorsdon’tknow…sotheydon’tknowhowtomakemewell.Martysays…HaveALk5.

Evenafterallthetests,noonecouldgivemydiseaseaname,soitisdifficulttoknowwhatthefuturewillbelike.6.Sometimes,Iamtooweaktogotoschool.7.MyambitionistoworkinthecomputerindustrywhenIgrowup.8.LastyearIinvented…andabigcompanyhasdecidedtobuyitfromme.Martysays…HaveALk9.Ihavealotofstudytodoaswell,especiallyafterIhavebeensickforawhile.10.Ihavehadtoworkhardtoliveanormallife,butithasbeenworthit.11.IfIhadthechancetosayonethingtohealthykids,itwouldbethis:…12.Justacceptthemforwhotheyareandgivethemencouragementtoliveasrichandfullalifeasyoudo.介詞Exercise1.Thepatientwaswarned____oilyfoodaftertheoperation.A.toeatnotB.eatingnotC.nottoeatD.noteating2.Iwouldlove____tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.A.togoB.tohavegoneC.goingD.havinggone3.CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered____thefirstcomputer.A.toinventB.inventingC.tohaveinventedD.havinginvented4.LittleJimshouldlove____tothetheatrethisevening.A.tobetakenB.totakeC.beingtakenD.taking5.____lateintheafternoon,Bobturnedoffthealarm.A.TosleepB.SleepingC.SleepD.Havingsleep6.Theteacheraskedus____somuchnoise.A.don’tmakeB.notmakeC.notmakingD.nottomake7.Pauldoesn’thavetobemade____.Healwaysworkshard.A.learnB.tolearnC.learned D.learning9.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim____.A.nottoB.nottodoC.nottorideD.donotto10.Robertissaid____abroad,butIdon’tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.tohavestudiedB.tostudyC.tobestudyingD.tohavebeenstudying11.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,____itmoredifficult.notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.don’tmake12.I’veworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat____inmynewjob.expectedB.toexpectC.tobeexpectingD.expects13.Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains____whethertheywillenjoyit.A.toseeB.tobeseenC.seeingD.see14.ItissaidinAustraliathereismorelandthanthegovernmentknows____.itwhattodowithB.whattodo