2024-2024歷年考研英語二真題及答案

2024考研英語二真題及答案SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:TheoutbreakofswinefluthatwasfirstdetectedinMexicowasdeclaredaglobalpandemiconJune11,2024,inthefirstdesignationbytheWorldHealthOrganizationofaworldwidepandemicin41years.TheheightenedalertcameafteranemergencymeetingwithfluexpertsinGenevathatconvenedafterasharpriseincasesinAustralia,andrisingnumbersinBritain,Japan,Chileandelsewhere.Butthepandemicis"moderate"inseverity,accordingtoMargaretChan,theorganization'sdirectorgeneral,withtheoverwhelmingmajorityofpatientsexperiencingonlymildsymptomsandafullrecovery,oftenintheabsenceofanymedicaltreatment.TheoutbreakcametoglobalnoticeinlateApril2024,whenMexicanauthoritiesnoticedanunusuallylargenumberofhospitalizationsanddeathsamonghealthyadults.AsmuchofMexicoCityshutdownattheheightofapanic,casesbegantocropupinNewYorkCity,thesouthwesternUnitedStatesandaroundtheworld.IntheUnitedStates,newcasesseemedtofadeaswarmerweatherarrived.ButinlateSeptember2024,officialsreportedtherewassignificantfluactivityinalmosteverystateandthatvirtuallyallthesamplestestedarethenewswineflu,alsoknownas(A)H1N1,notseasonalflu.@Zov&01IntheU.S.,ithasinfectedmorethanonemillionpeople,andcausedmorethan600deathsandmorethan6,000hospitalizations.FederalhealthofficialsreleasedTamifluforchildrenfromthenationalstockpileandbegantakingordersfromthestatesforthenewswinefluvaccine.Thenewvaccine,whichisdifferentfromtheannualfluvaccine,isavailableaheadofexpectations.MorethanthreemilliondosesweretobemadeavailableinearlyOctober2024,thoughmostofthoseinitialdoseswereoftheFluMistnasalspraytype,whichisnotrecommendedforpregnantwomen,peopleover50orthosewithbreathingdifficulties,heartdiseaseorseveralotherproblems.Butitwasstillpossibletovaccinatepeopleinotherhigh-riskgroup:healthcareworkers,peoplecaringforinfantsandhealthyyoungpeople.SectionⅡReadingcomprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourpassages.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachpassagebychoosingA,B,CandD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)Text1Thelongestbullruninacenturyofart-markethistoryendedonadramaticnotewithasaleof56worksbyDamienHirst,“BeautifulInsideMyHeadForever〞,atSotheby’sinLondononSeptember15th2024(seepicture).Allbuttwopiecessold,fetchingmorethanā70m,arecordforasalebyasingleartist.Itwasalasthurrah.Astheauctioneercalledoutbids,inNewYorkoneoftheoldestbanksonWallStreet,LehmanBrothers,filedforbankruptcy.Theworldartmarkethadalreadybeenlosingmomentumforawhileafterrisingvertiginouslysince2024.Atitspeakin2024itwasworthsome$65billion,reckonsClareMcAndrew,founderofArtsEconomics,aresearchfirm—doublethefigurefiveyearsearlier.Sincethenitmayhavecomedownto$50billion.Butthemarketgeneratesinterestfarbeyonditssizebecauseitbringstogethergreatwealth,enormousegos,greed,passionandcontroversyinawaymatchedbyfewotherindustries.IntheweeksandmonthsthatfollowedMrHirst’ssale,spendingofanysortbecamedeeplyunfashionable,especiallyinNewYork,wherethebail-outofthebankscoincidedwiththelossofthousandsofjobsandthefinancialdemiseofmanyart-buyinginvestors.Intheartworldthatmeantcollectorsstayedawayfromgalleriesandsalerooms.Salesofcontemporaryartfellbytwo-thirds,andinthemostoverheatedsector—forChinesecontemporaryart—theyweredownbynearly90%intheyeartoNovember2024.Withinweekstheworld’stwobiggestauctionhouses,Sotheby’sandChristie’s,hadtopayoutnearly$200minguaranteestoclientswhohadplacedworksforsalewiththem.ThecurrentdownturnintheartmarketistheworstsincetheJapanesestoppedbuyingImpressionistsattheendof1989,amovethatstartedthemostseriouscontractioninthemarketsincethesecondworldwar.Thistimeexpertsreckonthatpricesareabout40%downontheirpeakonaverage,thoughsomehavebeenfarmorevolatile.ButEdwardDolman,Christie’schiefexecutive,says:“I’mprettyconfidentwe’reatthebottom.〞Whatmakesthisslumpdifferentfromthelast,hesays,isthattherearestillbuyersinthemarket,whereasintheearly1990s,wheninterestrateswerehigh,therewasnodemandeventhoughmanycollectorswantedtosell.Christie’srevenuesinthefirsthalfof2024werestillhigherthaninthefirsthalfof2024.Almosteveryonewhowasinterviewedforthisspecialreportsaidthatthebiggestproblematthemomentisnotalackofdemandbutalackofgoodworktosell.ThethreeDs—death,debtanddivorce—stilldeliverworksofarttothemarket.Butanyonewhodoesnothavetoselliskeepingaway,waitingforconfidencetoreturn.21.Inthefirstparagraph,DamienHirst'ssalewasreferredtoas“alastvictory〞because____-.A.theartmarkethadwitnessedasuccessionofvictoryiesB.theauctioneerfinallygotthetwopiecesatthehighestbidsC.BeautifulInsideMyHeadForeverwonoverallmasterpiecesD.itwassuccessfullymadejustbeforetheworldfinancialcrisis22.Bysaying“spendingofanysortbecamedeeplyunfashionable〞(Line1-2,Para.3),theauthorsuggeststhat_____.A.collectorswerenolongeractivelyinvolvedinart-marketauctionsB.peoplestoppedeverykindofspendingandstayedawayfromgalleriesC.artcollectionasafashionhadlostitsappealtoagreatextentD.worksofartingeneralhadgoneoutoffashionsotheywerenotworthbuying23.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTture?A.Salesofcontemporaryartfelldramaticallyfrom2024to2024.B.Theartmarketsurpassedmanyotherindustriesinmomentum.C.Themarketgenerallywentdownwardinvariousways.D.Someartdealerswereawaitingbetterchancestocome.24.ThethreeDsmentionedinthelastparagraphare____A.auctionhouses'favoritesB.contemporarytrendsC.factorspromotingartworkcirculationD.stylesrepresentingimpressionists25.Themostappropriatetitleforthistextcouldbe___A.FluctuationofArtPricesB.Up-to-dateArtAuctionsC.ArtMarketinDeclineD.ShiftedInterestinArts〔編輯〕Text2IwasaddressingasmallgatheringinasuburbanVirginialivingroom--awomen'sgroupthathadinvitedmentojointhem.Throughouttheeveningonemanhadbeenparticularlytalkativefrequentlyofferingideasandanecdoteswhilehiswifesatsilentlybesidehimonthecouch.TowardtheendoftheeveningIcommentedthatwomenfrequentlycomplainthattheirhusbandsdon'ttalktothem.Thismanquicklyconcurred.Hegesturedtowardhiswifeandsaid"She'sthetalkerinourfamily."Theroomburstintolaughter;themanlookedpuzzledandhurt."It'strue"heexplained."WhenIcomehomefromworkIhavenothingtosay.Ifshedidn'tkeeptheconversationgoingwe'dspendthewholeeveninginsilence."ThisepisodecrystallizestheironythatalthoughAmericanmentendtotalkmorethanwomeninpublicsituationstheyoftentalklessathome.Andthispatterniswreakinghavocwithmarriage.ThepatternwasobservedbypoliticalscientistAndrewHackerinthelate'70s.SociologistCatherineKohlerRiessmanreportsinhernewbook"DivorceTalk"thatmostofthewomensheinterviewed--butonlyafewofthemen--gavelackofcommunicationasthereasonfortheirdivorces.Giventhecurrentdivorcerateofnearly50percentthatamountstomillionsofcasesintheUnitedStateseveryyear--avirtualepidemicoffailedconversation.Inmyownresearchcomplaintsfromwomenabouttheirhusbandsmostoftenfocusednotontangibleinequitiessuchashavinggivenupthechanceforacareertoaccompanyahusbandtohisordoingfarmorethantheirshareofdailylife-supportworklikecleaningcookingsocialarrangementsanderrands.Insteadtheyfocusedoncommunication:"Hedoesn'tlistentome""Hedoesn'ttalktome."IfoundasHackerobservedyearsbeforethatmostwiveswanttheirhusbandstobefirstandforemostconversationalpartnersbutfewhusbandssharethisexpectationoftheirwives.Inshorttheimagethatbestrepresentsthecurrentcrisisisthestereotypicalcartoonsceneofamansittingatthebreakfasttablewithanewspaperheldupinfrontofhisfacewhileawomanglaresatthebackofitwantingtotalk.26.Whatismostwives'mainexpectationoftheirhusbands?A.Talkingtothem.B.Trustingthem.C.Supportingtheircareers.D.Shsringhousework.27.Judgingfromthecontext,thephrase“wreakinghavoc〞(Line3,Para.2)mostprobablymeans___.Ageneratingmotivation.B.exertinginfluenceC.causingdamageDcreatingpressure28.AllofthefollowingaretrueEXCEPT_______A.mentendtotalkmoreinpublictanwomenB.nearly50percentofrecentdivorcesarecausedbyfailedconversationC.womenattachmuchimportancetocommunicationbetweencouplesDafemaletendstobemoretalkativeathomethanherspouse29.Whichofthefollowingcanbestsummarizethemianideaofthistext?A.Themoraldecayingdeservesmoreresearchbysociologists.B.Marriagebreak_upstemsfromsexinequalities.C.Husbandandwofehavedifferentexpectationsfromtheirmarriage.D.Conversationalpatternsbetweenmanandwifearedifferent.30.Inthefollowingpartimmediatelyafterthistext,theauthorwillmostprobablyfocuson______A.avividaccountofthenewbookDivorceTalkB.adetaileddescriptionofthestereotypicalcartoonC.otherpossiblereasonsforahighdivorcerateintheU.S.DabriefintroductiontothepoliticalscientistAndrewHackerTxet3overthepastdecade,manycompanieshadperfectedtheartofcreatingautomaticbehaviors—habits—amongconsumers.Thesehabitshavehelpedcompaniesearnbillionsofdollarswhencustomerseatsnacks,applylotionsandwipecountersalmostwithoutthinking,ofteninresponsetoacarefullydesignedsetofdailycues.“Therearefundamentalpublichealthproblems,likehandwashingwithsoap,thatremainkillersonlybecausewecan’tfigureouthowtochangepeople’shabits,〞Dr.Curtissaid.“Wewantedtolearnfromprivateindustryhowtocreatenewbehaviorsthathappenautomatically.〞ThecompaniesthatDr.Curtisturnedto—Procter&Gamble,Colgate-PalmoliveandUnilever—hadinvestedhundredsofmillionsofdollarsfindingthesubtlecuesinconsumers’livesthatcorporationscouldusetointroducenewroutines.Ifyoulookhardenough,you’llfindthatmanyoftheproductsweuseeveryday—chewinggums,skinmoisturizers,disinfectingwipes,airfresheners,waterpurifiers,healthsnacks,antiperspirants,colognes,teethwhiteners,fabricsofteners,vitamins—areresultsofmanufacturedhabits.Acenturyago,fewpeopleregularlybrushedtheirteethmultipletimesaday.Today,becauseofcannyadvertisingandpublichealthcampaigns,manyAmericanshabituallygivetheirpearlywhitesacavity-preventingscrubtwiceaday,oftenwithColgate,Crestoroneoftheotherbrands.Afewdecadesago,manypeopledidn’tdrinkwateroutsideofameal.Thenbeveragecompaniesstartedbottlingtheproductionoffar-offsprings,andnowofficeworkersunthinkinglysipbottledwateralldaylong.Chewinggum,onceboughtprimarilybyadolescentboys,isnowfeaturedincommercialsasabreathfreshenerandteethcleanserforuseafterameal.Skinmoisturizersareadvertisedaspartofmorningbeautyrituals,slippedinbetweenhairbrushingandputtingonmakeup.“Ourproductssucceedwhentheybecomepartofdailyorweeklypatterns,〞saidCarolBerning,aconsumerpsychologistwhorecentlyretiredfromProcter&Gamble,thecompanythatsold$76billionofTide,Crestandotherproductslastyear.“Creatingpositivehabitsisahugepartofimprovingourconsumers’lives,andit’sessentialtomakingnewproductscommerciallyviable.〞Throughexperimentsandobservation,socialscientistslikeDr.Berninghavelearnedthatthereispowerintyingcertainbehaviorstohabitualcuesthroughrelentlessadvertising.Asthisnewscienceofhabithasemerged,controversieshaveeruptedwhenthetacticshavebeenusedtosellquestionablebeautycreamsorunhealthyfoods.31.AccordingtoDr.Curtis,habitslikehandwashingwithsoap________.[A]shouldbefurthercultivated[B]shouldbechangedgradually[C]aredeepiyrootedinhistory[D]arebasicallyprivateconcerns〔編輯：〕32.Bottledwater,chewinggunandskinmoisturizersarementionedinParagraph5soasto____[A]revealtheirimpactonpeople’habits[B]showtheurgentneedofdailynecessities[C]indicatetheireffectonpeople’buyingpower[D]manifestthesignificantroleofgoodhabits33.whichofthefollowingdoesNOTbelongtoproductsthathelpcreatepeople’shabits?[A]Tide[B]Crest[C]Colgate[D]Unilver34.Fromthetextwekonwthatsomeofconsumer’shabitsaredevelopeddueto_____[A]perfectedartofproducts[B]automaticbehaviorcreation[C]commercialpromotions[D]scientificexperiments35.theauthor’sattitudetowardtheinfluenceofadvertisementonpeople’shabitsis____[A]indifferent[B]negative[C]positive[D]biasedText4ManyAmericansregardthejurysystemasaconcreteexpressionofcrucialdemocraticvalues,includingtheprinciplesthatallcitizenswhomeetminimalqualificationsofageandliteracyareequallycompetenttoserveonjuries;thatjurorsshouldbeselectedrandomlyfromarepresentativecrosssectionofthecommunity;thatnocitizenshouldbedeniedtherighttoserveonajuryonaccountofrace,religion,sex,ornationalorigin;thatdefendantsareentitledtotrialbytheirpeers;andthatverdictsshouldrepresenttheconscienceofthecommunityandnotjusttheletterofthelaw.Thejuryisalsosaidtobethebestsurvivingexampleofdirectratherthanrepresentativedemocracy.Inadirectdemocracy,citizenstaketurnsgoverningthemselves,ratherthanelectingrepresentativestogovernforthem.Butasrecentlyasin1986,juryselectionproceduresconflictedwiththesedemocraticideals.Insomestates,forexample,jurydutywaslimitedtopersonsofsupposedlysuperiorintelligence,education,andmoralcharacter.AlthoughtheSupremeCourtoftheUnitedStateshadprohibitedintentionalracialdiscriminationinjuryselectionasearlyasthe1880caseofstrauderv.WestVirginia,thepracticeofselectingso-calledeliteorblue-ribbonjuriesprovidedaconvenientwayaroundthisandotherantidiscriminationlaws.Thesystemalsofailedtoregularlyincludewomenonjuriesuntilthemid-20thcentury.AlthoughwomenfirstservedonstatejuriesinUtahin1898,itwasnotuntilthe1940sthatamajorityofstatesmadewomeneligibleforjuryduty.Eventhenseveralstatesautomaticallyexemptedwomenfromjurydutyunlesstheypersonllyaskedtohavetheirnamesincludedonthejurylist.Thispracticewasjustifiedbytheclaimthatwomenwereneededathome,anditkeptjuriesunrepresentativeofwomenthroughthe1960s.In1968,theCongressoftheUnitedStatespassedtheJurySelectionandServiceAct,usheringinaneweraofdemocraticreformsforthejury.Thislawabolishedspecialeducationalrequirementsforfederaljurorsandrequiredthemtobeselectedatrandomfromacrosssectionoftheentirecommunity.Inthelandmark1975decisionTaylorv.Louisiana,theSupremeCourtextendedtherequirementthatjuriesberepresentativeofallpartsofthecommunitytothestatelevel.TheTaylordecisionalsodeclaredsexdiscriminationinjuryselectiontobeunconstitutionalandorderedstatestousethesameproceduresforselectingmaleandfemalejurors.36.FromtheprinciplesoftheUSjurysystem,welearnthat______[A]bothlitcrateandilliteratepeoplecanserveonjuries[B]defendantsareimmunefromtrialbytheirpeers[C]noagelimitshouldbeimposedforjuryservice[D]judgmentshouldconsidertheopinionofthepublic37.Thepracticeofselectingso—calledelitejurorspriorto1968showed_____[A]theinadcquavyofantidiscriminationlaws[B]theprevalentdiscriminationagainstcertainraces[C]theconflictingidealsinjuryselectionprocedures38.Eveninthe1960s,womenwereseldomonthejurylistinsomestatesbecause_____[A]theywereautomaticallybannedbystatelaws[B]theyfellfarshortoftherequiredqualifications[C]theyweresupposedtoperformdomesticduties[D]theytendedtoevadepublicengagement39.AftertheJurySelectionandServiceActwaspassed.___[A]sexdiscriminationinjuryselectionwasunconstitutionalandhadtobeabolished[B]educationalrequirementsbecamelessrigidintheselectionoffederaljurors[C]jurorsatthestateleveloughttoberepresentativeoftheentirecommunity[D]statesoughttoconformtothefederalcourtinreformingthejurysystem40.indiscussingtheUSjurysystem,thetextcenterson_______[A]itsnatureandproblems[B]itscharacteristicsandtradition[C]itsproblemsandtheirsolutions[D]itstraditionanddevelopmentSectionⅢTranslation46.Directions:InthissectionthereisatextinEnglish.TranslateitintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationonANSWERSHEET2.(15points)〔編輯：〕“Suatainability〞hasbecomeapopularwordthesedays,buttoTedNing,theconceptwillalwayshavepersonalmeaning.Havingenduredapainfulperiodofunsustainabilityinhisownlifemadeitcleartohimthatsustainability-orientedvaluesmustbeexpressedthougheverydayactionandchoice.Ningrecallsspendingaconfusingyearinthelate1990ssellinginsurance.He’dbeenthoughthedot-comboomandburstand,desperateforajob,signedonwithaBoulderagency.Itdidin’tgowell.“Itwasareallyhadmovebecausethat’snotmypassion,〞saysNing,whosedilemmaaboutthejobtranslated,predictably,intoalackofsales.“Iwasmiserable,IhadsomuchanxietythatIwouldwakeupinthemiddleofthenightandstareattheceiling.Ihadnomoneyandneededthejob.Everyonesaid,‘Justwait,you’lltrunthecorner,giveitsometime.’〞翻譯參考“堅(jiān)持不懈〞如今已成一個(gè)流行詞匯，但對TedNing而言，這個(gè)概念一直有個(gè)人含義，經(jīng)歷了一段痛苦松懈的個(gè)人生活，使他清楚面向以堅(jiān)持不懈為導(dǎo)向的價(jià)值觀，必須貫徹到每天的行動和選擇中。Ning回憶起20世紀(jì)90年代末期賣保險(xiǎn)的那段迷茫時(shí)光，他通過蓬勃興起的網(wǎng)絡(luò)瘋狂地找工作，并且與Boulder代理機(jī)構(gòu)簽了約。事情進(jìn)展并不順利，TedNing說到：“那真是個(gè)糟糕的選擇，因?yàn)槲覍Υ藳]有激情，〞可以預(yù)料，他把工作中的矛盾能解釋為沒有業(yè)務(wù)。Ning說：“我很痛苦渴望午夜起來盯著天花板，我沒錢，我需要工作，每個(gè)人都說‘等吧，只要有耐心會好轉(zhuǎn)的。’〞47.Directions:YouhavejustcomebackfromtheU.S.asamemberofaSino-Americanculturalexchangeprogram.WritealettertoyourAmericancolleagueto1)Expressyourthanksforhis/herwarmreception;2)Welcomehim/hertovisitChinainduecourse.2024年考研英語二真題答案：21D

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FTTTF翻譯

"Sustainability"hasbecome

apopularwordthesedays,buttoTedNing,theconceptwillalwayshavepersonalmeaning.Havingenduredapainfulperiodofunsustainabilityinhisownlifemadeitcleartohimthatsustainability-orientedvaluesmustbeexpressedthrougheverydayactionandchoice.當(dāng)今，“可持續(xù)性〞已經(jīng)成為了一個(gè)流行的詞語。但是，對特德寧來說，它對這個(gè)詞有著自身的體會。在忍受了一段痛苦的、難以為繼的生活之后，他清楚地認(rèn)識到，以可持續(xù)開展為導(dǎo)向的生活價(jià)值必須通過日常的活動和做出的選擇表現(xiàn)出來。Ningrecallsspendingaconfusingyearinthelate1990ssellinginsurance.He'dbeenthroughthedot-comboomandburstand,desperateforajob,signedonwithaBoulderagency.寧回憶了在上個(gè)世紀(jì)90年代末期的某一年，他賣保險(xiǎn)，那是一種渾渾噩噩的生活。在經(jīng)歷了網(wǎng)絡(luò)經(jīng)濟(jì)的興盛和衰敗之后，他非常渴望得到一份工作，于是和一家博德的代理公司簽了合約。Itdidn'tgowell."Itwasareallybadmovebecausethat'snotmypassion,"saysNing,whosedilemmaaboutthejobtranslated,predictably,intoalackofsales."Iwasmiserable.IhadsomuchanxietythatIwouldwakeupinthemiddleofthenightandstareattheceiling.Ihadnomoneyandneededthejob.Everyonesaid,〞Justwait,you'llturnthecorner,giveitsometime.''事情進(jìn)展不順，“那確實(shí)是很糟糕的一種選擇，因?yàn)槟遣⒎鞘俏业募で樗?，〞寧如是說?？梢韵胂螅@種工作上的窘境是由于銷售業(yè)績不良造成的?！拔矣X得很悲哀。我太擔(dān)憂了，以至于我會在半夜醒來，盯著天花板。沒有錢，我需要這份工作。每個(gè)人都會說，等吧，總會有轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)的，給點(diǎn)時(shí)間吧。〞2024年研究生入學(xué)考試英語二真題SectionI

UseofEnglishDirections：Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblackandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)TheInternetaffordsanonymitytoitsusers,ablessingtoprivacyandfreedomofspeech.Butthatveryanonymityisalsobehindtheexplosionofcyber-crimethathas

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acrosstheWeb.Canprivacybepreserved

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bringingsafetyandsecuritytoaworldthatseemsincreasingly

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?Lastmonth,HowardSchmidt,thenation’scyber-czar,offeredthefederalgovernmenta

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tomaketheWebasaferplace-a“voluntarytrustedidentity〞systemthatwouldbethehigh-tech

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ofaphysicalkey,afingerprintandaphotoIDcard,allrolled

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one.Thesystemmightuseasmartidentitycard,oradigitalcredential

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toaspecificcomputer.andwouldauthenticateusersatarangeofonlineservices.Theideaisto

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afederationofprivateonlineidentitysystems.Usercould

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whichsystemtojoin,andonlyregistereduserswhoseidentitieshavebeenauthenticatedcouldnavigatethosesystems.TheapproachcontrastswithonethatwouldrequireanInternetdriver’slicense

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bythegovernment.GoogleandMicrosoftareamongcompaniesthatalreadyhavethese“singlesign-on〞systemsthatmakeitpossibleforusersto

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justoncebutusemanydifferentservices.

12.theapproachwouldcreatea“walledgarden〞ncyberspace,withsafe“neighborhoods〞andbright“streetlights〞toestablishasenseofa

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community.Mr.Schmidtdescribeditasa“voluntaryecosystem〞inwhich“individualsandorganizationscancompleteonlinetransactionswith

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,trustingtheidentitiesofeachotherandtheidentitiesoftheinfrastructure

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whichthetransactionruns〞.Still,theadministration’splanhas

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privacyrightsactivists.Someapplaudtheapproach;othersareconcerned.Itseemsclearthatsuchaschemeisaninitiativepushtowardwhatwould

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beacompulsoryInternet“drive’slicense〞mentality.Theplanhasalsobeengreetedwith

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bysomecomputersecurityexperts,whoworrythatthe“voluntaryecosystem〞envisionedbyMr.SchmidtwouldstillleavemuchoftheInternet

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.TheyarguethatallInternetusersshouldbe

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toregisterandidentifythemselves,inthesamewaythatdriversmustbelicensedtodriveonpublicroads.

1．A.sweptB.skippedC.walkedD.ridden2．A.forB.withinC.whileD.though3．A.carelessB.lawlessC.pointlessD.helpless4．A.reasonB.reminderC.compromiseD.proposal5．A.informationB.interferenceC.entertainmentD.equivalent6．A.byB.intoC.fromD.over7．A.linkedB.directedC.chainedD.compared8．A.dismissB.discoverC.createD.improve9．A.recallB.suggestC.selectD.realize10．A.relcasedB.issuedC.distributedD.delivered11．A.carryonB.lingeronC.setinD.login12．A.InvainB.IneffectC.InreturnD.Incontrast13．A.trustedB.modernizedc.thrivingD.competing14．A.cautionB.delightC.confidenceD.patience15．A.onB.afterC.beyondD.across16．A.dividedB.disappointedC.protectedD.united17．A.frequestlyB.incidentallyC.occasionallyD.eventually18．A.skepticismB.releranceC.indifferenceD.enthusiasm19．A.manageableB.defendableC.vulnerableD.invisible20．A.invitedB.appointedC.allowedD.forcedSectionII

ReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)Text

1RuthSimmonsjoinedGoldmanSachs’sboardasanoutsidedirectorinJanuary2000:ayearlatershebecamepresidentofBrownOutsidedirectorsaresupposedtoserveashelpful,yetlessbiased,advisersonafirm’sboard.Havingmadetheirwealthandtheirreputationselsewhere,theypresumablyhaveenoughindependencetodisagreewiththechiefexecutive’sproposals.Ifthesky,andthesharepriceisfalling,outsidedirectorsshouldbeabletogiveadvicebasedonhavingweatheredtheirowncrises.TheresearchersfromOhioButtheresearchersbelievethatoutsidedirectorshaveaneasiertimeofavoidingablowtotheirreputationsiftheyleaveafirmbeforebadnewsbreaks,evenifareviewofhistoryshowstheywereontheboardatthetimeanywrongdoingoccurred.Firmswhowanttokeeptheiroutsidedirectorsthroughtoughtimesmayhavetocreateincentives.OtherwiseoutsidedirectorswillfollowtheexampleofMs.Simmons,onceagainverypopularoncampus.21.AccordingtoParagraph1,Ms.Simmonswascriticizedfor

.[A]gainingexcessiveprofits[B]failingtofulfillherduty[C]refusingtomakecompromises[D]leavingtheboardintoughtimes22.WelearnfromParagraph2thatoutsidedirectorsaresupposedtobe

.[A]generousinvestors[B]unbiasedexecutives[C]sharepriceforecasters[D]independentadvisers23.AccordingtotheresearchersfromOhio[A]becomemorestable[B]reportincreasedearnings[C]dolesswellinthestockmarket[D]performworseinlawsuits24.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthatoutsidedirectors

.[A]maystayfortheattractiveoffersfromthefirm[B]haveoftenhadrecordsofwrongdoingsinthefirm[C]areaccustomedtostress-freeworkinthefirm[D]willdeclineincentivesfromthefirm25.Theauthor’sattitudetowardtheroleofoutsidedirectorsis

.[A]permissive[B]positive[C]scornful[D]criticalText

2Whateverhappenedtothedeathofnewspaper?Ayearagotheendseemednear.Therecessionthreatenedtoremovetheadvertisingandreadersthathadnotalreadyfledtotheinternet.NewspapersliketheSanFranciscoChroniclewerechroniclingtheirowndoom.America’sFederalTradecommissionlaunchedaroundoftalksabouthowtosavenewspapers.Shouldtheybecomecharitablecorporations?Shouldthestatesubsidizethem?Itwillholdanothermeetingsoon.Butthediscussionsnowseemoutofdate.Inmuchoftheworldthereisthesignofcrisis.GermanandBrazilianpapershaveshruggedofftherecession.EvenAmericannewspapers,whichinhabitthemosttroubledcomeoftheglobalindustry,havenotonlysurvivedbutoftenreturnedtoprofit.Notthe20%profitmarginsthatwereroutineafewyearsago,butprofitallthesame.Ithasnotbeenmuchfun.Manypapersstayedafloatbypushingjournalistsoverboard.TheAmericanSocietyofNewsEditorsreckonsthat13,500newsroomjobshavegonesince2024.Readersarepayingmoreforslimmerproducts.Somepapersevenhadthenervetorefusedeliverytodistantsuburbs.Yetthesedesperatemeasureshaveprovedtherightonesand,sadlyformanyjournalists,theycanbepushedfurther.Newspapersarebecomingmorebalancedbusinesses,withahealthiermixofrevenuesfromreadersandadvertisers.Americanpapershavelongbeenhighlyunusualintheirrelianceonads.Fully87%oftheirrevenuescamefromadvertisingin2024,accordingtotheOrganizationforEconomicCooperation&Development(OECD).InJapantheproportion