人教版（2019）選擇性必修 第二冊(cè)Unit 1 Science and Scientists Reading and Thinking 短語(yǔ)課件

Cholerausedtobeoneofthemostfeareddiseasesintheworld,untilaBritishdoctor,JohnSnow,showedhowitcouldbeovercome.Thisillnesscausesseverediarrhoea,dehydration,andevendeath.Intheearly19thcentury,whenanoutbreakofcholerahitEurope,millionsofpeoplediedfromthedisease.Asayoungdoctor,JohnSnowbecamefrustratedbecausenooneknewhowtopreventortreatcholera.Intime,herosetobecomeafamousdoctor,andevenattendedtoQueenVictoriawhenshegavebirth.However,heneverlosthisdesiretodestroycholeraonceandforall.usedtodo過去常常做某事oneofthemostfeareddiseases

最可怕的疾病之一Intheearly19thcentury

在19世紀(jì)初anoutbreakof...的爆發(fā)

outbreak“副詞+動(dòng)詞/動(dòng)詞+副詞”合成名詞output輸出outcome結(jié)果millionsofpeople

數(shù)萬(wàn)人diefrom/of死于

Cholerausedtobeoneofthemostfeareddiseasesintheworld,untilaBritishdoctor,JohnSnow,showedhowitcouldbeovercome.Thisillnesscausesseverediarrhoea,dehydration,andevendeath.Intheearly19thcentury,whenanoutbreakofcholerahitEurope,millionsofpeoplediedfromthedisease.Asayoungdoctor,JohnSnowbecamefrustratedbecausenooneknewhowtopreventortreatcholera.

Intime,herosetobecomeafamousdoctor,andevenattendedtoQueenVictoriawhenshegavebirth.However,heneverlosthisdesiretodestroycholeraonceandforall.hit打擊，危害howtopreventortreatcholera

特殊疑問詞+動(dòng)詞不定式，作賓語(yǔ)intime及時(shí)；終于，經(jīng)過一段時(shí)間后intime作“終于”講時(shí)，常單獨(dú)使用，作狀語(yǔ)intime作“及時(shí)”講時(shí)，后常跟forsth.或todosth.(1)Youwillsucceedintimeaslongasyoudon’tgiveup.只要不放棄，你總有一天會(huì)成功。(2)Thedoctorcameintime

(save)hislife.醫(yī)生及時(shí)趕到并搶救了他的生命。(3)Luckyforhim，hewasjustintime

thebus.幸運(yùn)的是，他及時(shí)趕上了公共汽車。tosavefortime相關(guān)短語(yǔ)①fromtimetotime

有時(shí)；偶爾②atatime 每次③innotime 立刻；馬上④atthesametime 同時(shí)⑤atonetime 一度；從前⑥atnotime 絕不(置于句首時(shí)，句子常用部分倒裝語(yǔ)序)Cholerausedtobeoneofthemostfeareddiseasesintheworld,untilaBritishdoctor,JohnSnow,showedhowitcouldbeovercome.Thisillnesscausesseverediarrhoea,dehydration,andevendeath.Intheearly19thcentury,whenanoutbreakofcholerahitEurope,millionsofpeoplediedfromthedisease.Asayoungdoctor,JohnSnowbecamefrustratedbecausenooneknewhowtopreventortreatcholera.Intime,herosetobecomeafamousdoctor,andevenattendedtoQueenVictoriawhenshegavebirth.However,heneverlosthisdesiretodestroycholeraonceandforall.rise變得更加成功（重要）attendto照顧，處理attendvt.出席；參加vt.&vi.照顧；護(hù)理vi.處理attendameeting/alecture/school參加會(huì)議/聽報(bào)告/上學(xué)givebirth生孩子loseone’sdesiretodosth放棄做某事的愿望Ingeneral,doctorsinthosedayshadtwocontradictorytheoriestoexplainhowcholeraspread.Onetheorywasthatbadaircausedthedisease.Theotherwasthat

cholerawascausedbyaninfectionfromgermsinfoodorwater.Snowsubscribedtothesecondtheory.Itwascorrect,buthestillneededproof.Consequently,whenanoutbreakofcholerahitLondonin1854,Snowbegantoinvestigate.Hediscoveredthatintwoparticularstreetsthecholeraoutbreakwassoseverethatmorethan500peoplediedintendays.Hewasdeterminedtofindoutwhy.Ingeneral

通常，大體上；總的來(lái)說=generallyspeakinginfectionfromgermsinfoodorwater

食物或水中的細(xì)菌感染subscribedtothesecondtheory

贊同第二種理論Consequentlyadv因此，所以=therefore/asaresultIngeneral,doctorsinthosedayshadtwocontradictorytheoriestoexplainhowcholeraspread.Onetheorywasthatbadaircausedthedisease.Theotherwasthatcholerawascausedbyaninfectionfromgermsinfoodorwater.Snowsubscribedtothesecondtheory.Itwascorrect,buthestillneededproof.Consequently,whenanoutbreakofcholerahitLondonin1854,Snowbegantoinvestigate.Hediscoveredthatintwoparticularstreetsthecholeraoutbreakwassoseverethatmorethan500peoplediedintendays.Hewasdeterminedtofindoutwhy.anoutbreakofcholera

霍亂爆發(fā)begantoinvestigate開始調(diào)查intwoparticularstreets

在兩條特定的街道上morethan多于

；lessthan少于intendays10天內(nèi)determinedadj堅(jiān)決的；有決心的determinev決定，確定，下定決心bedeterminedtodosth決心做某事determinetodosthfindout弄清，查明Snowbeganbymarkingonamaptheexactplaceswhereallthosewhodiedhadlived.ThereweremultipledeathsnearthewaterpumpinBroadStreet(especiallyhousenumbers16,37,38,and40).However,somehouseholds(suchas20and21BroadStreet,and8and9CambridgeStreet)hadhadnodeaths.Thesepeopleworkedinthepubat7CambridgeStreet.Theyhadbeengivenfreebeer,andsohadnotdrunkthewaterfromthepump.Snowsuspectedthatthewaterpumpwastoblame.Whatismore,inanotherpartofLondon,awomanandherdaughterhaddiedofcholeraaftermovingawayfromBroadStreet.Itseemedthatthewomanlikedthewaterfromthepumpsomuchthatshehaditdeliveredtoherhouseeveryday.Asaresultofthisevidence,JohnSnowwasabletoannouncethatthepumpwatercarriedcholeragerms.Accordingly,hehadthehandleofthepumpremovedso

thatitcouldnotbeused.Throughthisintervention,thediseasewasstoppedinitstracksmarkonamap

在地圖上標(biāo)出exactplaces確切地點(diǎn)

freebear免費(fèi)的啤酒waterfromthepump

水泵里的水betoblame應(yīng)受責(zé)備Whatismore

而且=moreover/furthermore邏輯上的遞進(jìn)關(guān)系inanotherpartofLondon在倫敦的另一個(gè)的地方diedofcholera死于霍亂

dieof/from死于diedown(慢慢)熄滅，平靜下來(lái)。Thefiredieddown.火慢慢熄了。Hisangerhasdieddownabit.他的怒氣已消了一點(diǎn)dieoff一個(gè)一個(gè)地死去die(=dieonebyone)。Ashegrewolder,hisrelativesalldiedoff.隨著他年齡的增長(zhǎng)，他的親人都一個(gè)一個(gè)地死去了。dieout(家族、種族、習(xí)俗、觀念等)滅絕，絕跡。Manyoldcustomsaredyingout.許多舊習(xí)俗正在消失。

movingawayfrom

搬離，搬走h(yuǎn)aditdelivered

（have+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)）1)havesthdone讓某人做某事（蒙受他人所為的后果）；使某事被做

同步p11Ihadallmymistakescorrected.

我已把我所有的錯(cuò)誤改正過來(lái)了。2)havesbdosth讓某人做某事

I’llhaveBobshowyoutoyouroom.我讓鮑波帶你去你的房間。3)havesb/sthdoing讓某人/某物處于某種狀態(tài)，讓某人一直做某事Thespeakerhadhisaudiencelisteningcarefully.這位演講者抓住了聽眾的注意力。

Asaresultof

由于，因?yàn)?，作?..的結(jié)果asaresult結(jié)果，因此

Asaresultofthisevidence,JohnSnowwasabletoannouncethatthepumpwatercarriedcholeragerms.beabletodosth能夠做某事Accordingly,hehadthehandleofthepumpremovedso

thatitcouldnotbeused.Accordingly

因此，所以；照著，相應(yīng)地ThetruthwasthatthewaterfromtheBroadStreetpumphadbeeninfectedbywaste.Moreover,SnowwaslaterabletoshowalinkbetweenothercasesofcholeraandthedifferentwatercompaniesinLondon.SomecompaniessoldwaterfromtheRiverThamesthatwaspollutedbyrawwaste.Thepeoplewhodrankthiswaterweremuchmorelikelytogetcholerathanthosewhodrankpureorboiledwater.infectedbywaste

被廢物污染alinkbetweenAandBA與B之間的聯(lián)系othercasesofcholera其他霍亂病例differentwatercompanies不同供水公司rawwaste未經(jīng)處理的廢物belikelytodosth可能做某事purewater純凈水boiledwater開水ThroughSnow’stirelessefforts,watercompaniesbegantosellcleanwater,andthethreatofcholeraaroundtheworldsawasubstantialdecrease.However,choleraisstillaproblem.Eachyear,millionsofpeoplearoundtheworldgetcholeraandmanydiefromit.Fortunately,wenowknowhowtopreventcholera,thankstotheworkofJohnSnow.Moreover,inhisuseofmapsandstatistics,Snowtransformedthewayscientistsstudydiseases.Forthisreason,Snowisconsideredthefatherofmodernepidemiology.throughone’stirelessefforts

通過某人的不懈努力sellcleanwater

銷售干凈的水thethreatofcholera

霍亂