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專題26旋轉(zhuǎn)【專題目錄】技巧1:由旋轉(zhuǎn)的性質(zhì)求角的度數(shù)技巧2:由旋轉(zhuǎn)的性質(zhì)求線段的長(zhǎng)度技巧3:旋轉(zhuǎn)變換作圖技巧4:特殊平行四邊形中旋轉(zhuǎn)問題【題型】一、根據(jù)旋轉(zhuǎn)的性質(zhì)求解【題型】二、畫旋轉(zhuǎn)圖形【題型】三、旋轉(zhuǎn)后的對(duì)稱圖形【題型】四、旋轉(zhuǎn)后點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)【題型】五、判斷是否中心對(duì)稱圖形【題型】六、求關(guān)于原點(diǎn)對(duì)稱點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)【題型】七、設(shè)計(jì)圖案【考綱要求】1、通過觀察具體實(shí)例了解旋轉(zhuǎn),理解旋轉(zhuǎn)的概念。2.、探究旋轉(zhuǎn)的性質(zhì),會(huì)畫出旋轉(zhuǎn)后的圖形?!究键c(diǎn)總結(jié)】一、旋轉(zhuǎn)的定義旋轉(zhuǎn)的概念:把一個(gè)平面圖形繞著平面內(nèi)某一點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)一個(gè)角度,叫作圖形的旋轉(zhuǎn).點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0叫作旋轉(zhuǎn)中心,轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)的角叫作旋轉(zhuǎn)角.如圖形上的點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0經(jīng)過旋轉(zhuǎn)變化點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,那么這兩個(gè)點(diǎn)叫作這個(gè)旋轉(zhuǎn)的對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn).如圖所示,SKIPIF1<0是SKIPIF1<0繞定點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0逆時(shí)針旋轉(zhuǎn)SKIPIF1<0得到的,其中點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0與點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0叫作對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn),線段SKIPIF1<0與線段SKIPIF1<0叫作對(duì)應(yīng)線段,SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0叫作對(duì)應(yīng)角,點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0叫作旋轉(zhuǎn)中心,SKIPIF1<0(或SKIPIF1<0)的度數(shù)叫作旋轉(zhuǎn)的角度.【圖形旋轉(zhuǎn)的三要素】旋轉(zhuǎn)中心、旋轉(zhuǎn)方向和旋轉(zhuǎn)角.旋轉(zhuǎn)的特征:1、對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn)到旋轉(zhuǎn)中心的距離相等;2、對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn)與旋轉(zhuǎn)中心所連線段的夾角等于旋轉(zhuǎn)角;3、旋轉(zhuǎn)前、后的圖形全等.旋轉(zhuǎn)作圖的步驟方法:1、確定旋轉(zhuǎn)中心、旋轉(zhuǎn)方向、旋轉(zhuǎn)角;2、找出圖形上的關(guān)鍵點(diǎn);3、連接圖形上的關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)與旋轉(zhuǎn)中心,然后按旋轉(zhuǎn)方向分別將它們旋轉(zhuǎn)一定的角度,得到關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)的對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn);4、按原圖的順序連接這些對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn),即得旋轉(zhuǎn)后的圖形.平移、旋轉(zhuǎn)、軸對(duì)稱之間的聯(lián)系:變化后不改變圖形的大小和形狀,對(duì)應(yīng)線段相等、對(duì)應(yīng)角相等。平移、旋轉(zhuǎn)、軸對(duì)稱之間的區(qū)別:變化方式不同:平移:將一個(gè)圖形沿某個(gè)方向移動(dòng)一定距離。旋轉(zhuǎn):將一個(gè)圖形繞一個(gè)頂點(diǎn)沿某個(gè)方向轉(zhuǎn)一定角度。軸對(duì)稱:將一個(gè)圖形沿一條直線對(duì)折。對(duì)應(yīng)線段、對(duì)應(yīng)角之間的關(guān)系不同平移:變化前后對(duì)應(yīng)線段平行(或在一條直線上),對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn)連線平行(或在一條直線上),對(duì)應(yīng)角的兩邊平行(或在一條直線上)、方向一致。旋轉(zhuǎn):變化前后任意一對(duì)對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn)與旋轉(zhuǎn)中心的連線所稱的角都是旋轉(zhuǎn)角。軸對(duì)稱:對(duì)應(yīng)線段或延長(zhǎng)線如果相交,那么交點(diǎn)在對(duì)稱軸上。3)確定條件不同平移:距離與方向旋轉(zhuǎn):旋轉(zhuǎn)的三要素。軸對(duì)稱:對(duì)稱軸二、旋轉(zhuǎn)的性質(zhì)旋轉(zhuǎn)的特征(1)旋轉(zhuǎn)后圖形上每一點(diǎn)都繞著旋轉(zhuǎn)中心旋轉(zhuǎn)了同樣的角度;(2)旋轉(zhuǎn)后的圖形與原圖形對(duì)應(yīng)線段相等、對(duì)應(yīng)角相等;(3)對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn)到旋轉(zhuǎn)中心的距離相等;(4)旋轉(zhuǎn)后的圖形與原來的圖形的形狀和大小都沒有發(fā)生變化.注意:(1)旋轉(zhuǎn)中心可以是圖形外的一點(diǎn),也可以是圖形上的一點(diǎn),還可以是圖形內(nèi)的一點(diǎn);(2)對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn)之間的運(yùn)動(dòng)軌跡是一段圓弧,對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn)到旋轉(zhuǎn)中心的線段就是這段圓弧所在圓的半徑;(3)旋轉(zhuǎn)前、后每對(duì)對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn)到旋轉(zhuǎn)中心的距離相等,但非對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn)到旋轉(zhuǎn)中心的距離不一定相等.三、旋轉(zhuǎn)作圖旋轉(zhuǎn)作圖的步驟:第一步:確定旋轉(zhuǎn)中心;第二步:確定旋轉(zhuǎn)角度和旋轉(zhuǎn)方向;(若沒有直接給出旋轉(zhuǎn)角,則應(yīng)找出旋轉(zhuǎn)前、后圖形的一對(duì)對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn),并將它們與旋轉(zhuǎn)中心相連,以此確定旋轉(zhuǎn)角和旋轉(zhuǎn)方向)第三步:確定對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn);(1)準(zhǔn)確找出能代表旋轉(zhuǎn)前圖形特點(diǎn)的特殊點(diǎn)(通常指圖中所有線段的兩個(gè)端點(diǎn)),并將它們與旋轉(zhuǎn)中心依次連接;(2)以旋轉(zhuǎn)中心為角的頂點(diǎn),(1)中線段作為旋轉(zhuǎn)角的另一邊,作出圖中所有的旋轉(zhuǎn)角,且旋轉(zhuǎn)的方向一致;(3)根據(jù)對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn)到旋轉(zhuǎn)中心的距離相等,在上述旋轉(zhuǎn)角的另一邊上分別截取線段,確定旋轉(zhuǎn)后圖形的對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn).第四步:確定旋轉(zhuǎn)后的圖形按照原圖的形狀依次連接上述對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn),即可得到旋轉(zhuǎn)后的圖形.【技巧歸納】技巧1:由旋轉(zhuǎn)的性質(zhì)求角的度數(shù)1.如圖,將SKIPIF1<0繞點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0逆時(shí)針旋轉(zhuǎn)SKIPIF1<0,得到△SKIPIF1<0,若點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0在線段SKIPIF1<0的延長(zhǎng)線上,則SKIPIF1<0的度數(shù)為SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<02.如圖,在SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0,將SKIPIF1<0繞點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0逆時(shí)針旋轉(zhuǎn)得到SKIPIF1<0,點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0的對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn)分別為SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,連接SKIPIF1<0.當(dāng)點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0在同一條直線上時(shí),則旋轉(zhuǎn)角SKIPIF1<0的度數(shù)為SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0技巧2:由旋轉(zhuǎn)的性質(zhì)求線段的長(zhǎng)度3.如圖,△ABC是等邊三角形,點(diǎn)P在△ABC內(nèi),PA=6,將△PAB繞點(diǎn)A逆時(shí)針旋轉(zhuǎn)得到△QAC,則PQ的長(zhǎng)等于()A.6 B.6 C.3 D.24.如圖,Rt△ABC中,∠ABC=90°,∠BAC=60°,AB=1,將△ABC繞點(diǎn)B順時(shí)針旋轉(zhuǎn)得到△A'BC',若直線A'C'經(jīng)過點(diǎn)A,則CC'的長(zhǎng)為()A.1 B.2 C.3 D.4技巧3:旋轉(zhuǎn)變換作圖5.如圖,在平面直角坐標(biāo)系中,SKIPIF1<0的三個(gè)頂點(diǎn)都在格點(diǎn)上.(1)畫出SKIPIF1<0繞原點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0順時(shí)針旋轉(zhuǎn)SKIPIF1<0后的△SKIPIF1<0.(2)求線段SKIPIF1<0在旋轉(zhuǎn)過程中所掃過的圖形面積.6.如圖,方格紙中SKIPIF1<0三個(gè)頂點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)分別為SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0.(1)請(qǐng)?jiān)趫D中畫出符合條件的直角坐標(biāo)系;(2)若點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0的坐標(biāo)為SKIPIF1<0,將SKIPIF1<0平移至SKIPIF1<0,使得SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0的對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn)分別是SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,請(qǐng)畫出平移后的圖形,并寫出點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0的坐標(biāo);(3)將SKIPIF1<0繞原點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0逆時(shí)針旋轉(zhuǎn)SKIPIF1<0得到△SKIPIF1<0,畫出旋轉(zhuǎn)后的圖形,并寫出點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0的對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0的坐標(biāo).技巧4:特殊平行四邊形中旋轉(zhuǎn)問題7.如圖,四邊形SKIPIF1<0是矩形,以點(diǎn)B為旋轉(zhuǎn)中心,順時(shí)針旋轉(zhuǎn)矩形SKIPIF1<0得到矩形SKIPIF1<0,點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0的對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn)分別為點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0恰好在SKIPIF1<0的延長(zhǎng)線上.(1)求證:SKIPIF1<0:(2)若SKIPIF1<0,求SKIPIF1<0的長(zhǎng).8.如圖,將矩形SKIPIF1<0繞點(diǎn)A順時(shí)針旋轉(zhuǎn)到矩形SKIPIF1<0的位置,若旋轉(zhuǎn)角為SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0為(

)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【題型講解】【題型】一、根據(jù)旋轉(zhuǎn)的性質(zhì)求解例1、如圖,在SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0,將SKIPIF1<0繞點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0按逆時(shí)針方向旋轉(zhuǎn)得到SKIPIF1<0.若點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0恰好落在SKIPIF1<0邊上,且SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0的度數(shù)為()A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【題型】二、畫旋轉(zhuǎn)圖形例2、如圖所示的平面直角坐標(biāo)系中,SKIPIF1<0的三個(gè)頂點(diǎn)坐標(biāo)分別為SKIPIF1<0,請(qǐng)按如下要求畫圖:(1)以坐標(biāo)原點(diǎn)O為旋轉(zhuǎn)中心,將△ABC順時(shí)針旋轉(zhuǎn)90°,得到SKIPIF1<0,請(qǐng)畫出SKIPIF1<0;(2)以坐標(biāo)原點(diǎn)O為位似中心,在x軸下方,畫出SKIPIF1<0的位似圖形SKIPIF1<0,使它與△ABC的位似比為SKIPIF1<0.【題型】三、旋轉(zhuǎn)后的對(duì)稱圖形例3、如圖,該圖案繞它的中心至少旋轉(zhuǎn)m度能與自身完全重合,則m的值是()A.45 B.90 C.135 D.180【題型】四、旋轉(zhuǎn)后點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)例4、在平面直角坐標(biāo)系中,點(diǎn)G的坐標(biāo)是SKIPIF1<0,連接SKIPIF1<0,將線段SKIPIF1<0繞原點(diǎn)O旋轉(zhuǎn)SKIPIF1<0,得到對(duì)應(yīng)線段SKIPIF1<0,則點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0的坐標(biāo)為()A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【題型】五、判斷是否中心對(duì)稱圖形例5、下列圖形:線段、等邊三角形、平行四邊形、圓,其中既是軸對(duì)稱圖形,又是中心對(duì)稱圖形的個(gè)數(shù)為()A.1 B.2 C.3 D.4【題型】六、求關(guān)于原點(diǎn)對(duì)稱點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)例6、在平面直角坐標(biāo)系中,點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0關(guān)于原點(diǎn)對(duì)稱的點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)是()A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【題型】七、設(shè)計(jì)圖案例7、規(guī)定:在平面內(nèi),如果一個(gè)圖形繞一個(gè)定點(diǎn)旋轉(zhuǎn)一定的角度α(0°<α≤180°)后能與自身重合,那么就稱這個(gè)圖形是旋轉(zhuǎn)對(duì)稱圖形,轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)的這個(gè)角度α稱為這個(gè)圖形的一個(gè)旋轉(zhuǎn)角.例如:正方形繞著兩條對(duì)角線的交點(diǎn)O旋轉(zhuǎn)90°或180°后,能與自身重合(如圖1),所以正方形是旋轉(zhuǎn)對(duì)稱圖形,且有兩個(gè)旋轉(zhuǎn)角.根據(jù)以上規(guī)定,回答問題:(1)下列圖形是旋轉(zhuǎn)對(duì)稱圖形,但不是中心對(duì)稱圖形的是________;A.矩形B.正五邊形C.菱形D.正六邊形(2)下列圖形中,是旋轉(zhuǎn)對(duì)稱圖形,且有一個(gè)旋轉(zhuǎn)角是60度的有:________(填序號(hào));(3)下列三個(gè)命題:①中心對(duì)稱圖形是旋轉(zhuǎn)對(duì)稱圖形;②等腰三角形是旋轉(zhuǎn)對(duì)稱圖形;③圓是旋轉(zhuǎn)對(duì)稱圖形,其中真命題的個(gè)數(shù)有()個(gè);A.0B.1C.2D.3(4)如圖2的旋轉(zhuǎn)對(duì)稱圖形由等腰直角三角形和圓構(gòu)成,旋轉(zhuǎn)角有45°,90°,135°,180°,將圖形補(bǔ)充完整.旋轉(zhuǎn)(達(dá)標(biāo)訓(xùn)練)一、單選題1.如圖,是蹺蹺板的示意圖,支柱SKIPIF1<0與地面垂直,點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0是SKIPIF1<0的中點(diǎn),SKIPIF1<0繞著點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0上下轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng).當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0端落地時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,則蹺蹺板上下可轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)的最大角度(即SKIPIF1<0)是()A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<02.如圖,在SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0,將SKIPIF1<0繞點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0逆時(shí)針旋轉(zhuǎn)得到SKIPIF1<0,此時(shí)使點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0的對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0恰好在SKIPIF1<0邊上,點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0的對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn)為SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0交于點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,則下列結(jié)論一定正確的是(

)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<03.如圖,將SKIPIF1<0繞點(diǎn)C順時(shí)針旋轉(zhuǎn),點(diǎn)B的對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn)為點(diǎn)E,點(diǎn)A的對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn)為點(diǎn)D,當(dāng)點(diǎn)E恰好落在SKIPIF1<0邊上時(shí),連接SKIPIF1<0,若SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0的度數(shù)是(

)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<04.如圖,三角形SKIPIF1<0繞點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0逆時(shí)針旋轉(zhuǎn)SKIPIF1<0,得到三角形SKIPIF1<0,若SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0等于(

)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<05.如圖,在SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0,將SKIPIF1<0向右平移得到SKIPIF1<0,再將SKIPIF1<0繞點(diǎn)D逆時(shí)針旋轉(zhuǎn)至點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0重合,則平移的距離和旋轉(zhuǎn)角的度數(shù)分別為()A.1,30° B.4,30° C.2,60° D.4,60°6.如圖,在SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0,在同一平面內(nèi),將SKIPIF1<0繞點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0旋轉(zhuǎn)到△SKIPIF1<0的位置,使得SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0等于()A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<07.如圖,在△ABC中,把△ABC繞著點(diǎn)A順時(shí)針旋轉(zhuǎn)42°,得到△SKIPIF1<0,點(diǎn)C的對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0落在BC邊上,則∠SKIPIF1<0B的度數(shù)為()A.84° B.69° C.111° D.138°8.如圖,在SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,將SKIPIF1<0繞點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0逆時(shí)針旋轉(zhuǎn)SKIPIF1<0后,到SKIPIF1<0,點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0經(jīng)過的路徑為弧SKIPIF1<0,已知SKIPIF1<0,則圖中陰影部分的面積為().A.π B.SKIPIF1<0π C.SKIPIF1<0π D.SKIPIF1<0π二、填空題9.如圖,在矩形ABCD中,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,將矩形SKIPIF1<0繞點(diǎn)B旋轉(zhuǎn)一定角度后得矩形SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0交SKIPIF1<0于點(diǎn)E,且SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0的長(zhǎng)為______.三、解答題10.如圖,將SKIPIF1<0繞直角頂點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0順時(shí)針旋轉(zhuǎn)SKIPIF1<0,得到SKIPIF1<0,連接SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0(1)求SKIPIF1<0的長(zhǎng)(2)若SKIPIF1<0,求SKIPIF1<0的度數(shù).11.如圖,在SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0,將SKIPIF1<0繞點(diǎn)B逆時(shí)針旋轉(zhuǎn)SKIPIF1<0到SKIPIF1<0的延長(zhǎng)線與SKIPIF1<0相交于點(diǎn)F,連接SKIPIF1<0,求證:SKIPIF1<0.旋轉(zhuǎn)(提升測(cè)評(píng))一、單選題1.下列圖形中既是軸對(duì)稱圖形,又是中心對(duì)稱圖形的是()A. B.C. D.2.下列說法正確的是(

)A.有兩個(gè)內(nèi)角相等的三角形不是軸對(duì)稱圖形B.如果兩條線段互相垂直平分,那么這兩條線段互為對(duì)稱軸C.所有直角三角形都不是軸對(duì)稱圖形D.兩個(gè)圖形成軸對(duì)稱,那么這兩個(gè)圖形全等3.下列四個(gè)交通標(biāo)志中,既是軸對(duì)稱圖形又是中心對(duì)稱圖形的是(

)A. B. C. D.4.下面四個(gè)圖形分別是低碳、節(jié)水、節(jié)能和綠色食品標(biāo)志,在這四個(gè)標(biāo)志中,是軸對(duì)稱圖形的是()A. B. C. D.5.下列圖形中,既是軸對(duì)稱圖形,又是中心對(duì)稱圖形的是(

)A. B.C. D.6.下列圖形中既是軸對(duì)稱圖形又是中心對(duì)稱圖形的是()A. B.C. D.7.把SKIPIF1<0各頂點(diǎn)的橫坐標(biāo)都乘以SKIPIF1<0,縱坐標(biāo)都不變,所得圖形是下列答案中的(

)A. B.C. D.8.如圖所示,把一個(gè)長(zhǎng)方形紙片沿SKIPIF1<0折疊后,點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<

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