圖表作文中間段（英二）

朽木易折，金石可鏤。千里之行，始于足下。第頁(yè)/共頁(yè)第二部分：功能句講解Part2:中間段開(kāi)始段話題引起圖畫描述圖畫總結(jié)中間段詳細(xì)意義意義闡釋意義總結(jié)結(jié)尾段歸納評(píng)論建議措施向往未來(lái)中間段句型講解及真題演練(一)詳細(xì)意義≈交代現(xiàn)象1.事實(shí)上，這個(gè)看似容易的圖表微妙地揭示了當(dāng)下一個(gè)流行現(xiàn)象（：…主題詞或主題句）Actually,thisseeminglysimplechartsubtlydisclosesaprevailingphenomenonthat....【示例1】2020某大學(xué)學(xué)生手機(jī)閱讀目的調(diào)查事實(shí)上，這個(gè)看似容易的圖表微妙地揭示了當(dāng)下一個(gè)流行現(xiàn)象：越來(lái)越多的大學(xué)生在日常生活中頻繁使用手機(jī)。Actually,thisseeminglysimplechartsubtlydisclosesaprevailingphenomenonthatanincreasingnumberofcollegestudentsarefrequentlyusingmobile-phonesintheirdailylife.示例2:2017年博物館參觀人數(shù)升高事實(shí)上，這個(gè)看似容易的圖表微妙地揭示了當(dāng)下一個(gè)流行現(xiàn)象：越來(lái)越多的現(xiàn)代人喜歡花時(shí)光在藝術(shù)上。Actually,thisseeminglysimplechartsubtlydisclosesaprevailingphenomenonthatanincreasingnumberofmodernpeoplewouldliketospendtimeonarts.2.實(shí)際上，這個(gè)圖表只是一個(gè)流行現(xiàn)象的縮影。Infact,thischartisaminiatureofaprevalentphenomenon.【演練】2018.消費(fèi)者挑選餐廳的擔(dān)心要素事實(shí)上，這個(gè)圖表是一個(gè)普遍現(xiàn)象的縮影，即：越來(lái)越多的消費(fèi)者挑選一家餐館是因?yàn)樗奶厣⒎?wù)和環(huán)境，而不是價(jià)格。Infact,thischartisaminiatureofaprevalentphenomenon：anincreasingnumberofconsumerschooseonerestaurantbecauseofitscharacter,serviceandenvironment,ratherthanprice.3.顯然，這個(gè)抽象的圖表微妙地揭示了……和……Apparently,theabstractcharthassubtlyrevealedtherelationshipbetween...and....【演練】2017.博物館和游客拜訪量升高顯然，這個(gè)抽象的圖表微妙地揭示了博物館的增長(zhǎng)趨勢(shì)和游客的激增之間的關(guān)系。Apparently,theabstractcharthassubtlyrevealedtherelationshipbetweenascendingtendencyofmuseumsandrapidincreaseofvisitors.4.這真的是作者想要告訴我們的嗎？固然不是了。Isthisjustwhattheauthortriestotellus?Certainlynot.（二）意義論證三種主要論證方式：1.緣故后果論證：主要適用于分析圖表數(shù)據(jù)2.舉例論證：常用科學(xué)調(diào)查的數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)做論據(jù)，進(jìn)一步論證3.對(duì)立觀點(diǎn)論證：適用于中立話題、展開(kāi)型話題第一種：緣故后果論證=引出緣故+詳細(xì)緣故+引出后果+詳細(xì)后果（一）引出緣故：1.除了以下幾點(diǎn)，我找不到更好的理由了。Icanthinkofnobetterreasonsthanthefollowingones.illustration/demonstration2.究竟是什么導(dǎo)致了這一現(xiàn)象？這是個(gè)發(fā)人沉思的問(wèn)題。Whatexactlycontributestothisphenomenon?Itisathought-provokingquestion.【示例1】2019.畢業(yè)生去向調(diào)查：究竟什么導(dǎo)致了職業(yè)計(jì)劃的多樣化呢？這是個(gè)發(fā)人沉思的問(wèn)題。Whatexactlycontributestodiversityofcareerplanning?Itisathought-provokingquestion.【示例2】2014城市化進(jìn)程urbanization究竟什么導(dǎo)致了城市化進(jìn)程？這是個(gè)發(fā)人沉思的問(wèn)題。Whatexactlycontributestotheurbanization?Itisathought-provokingquestion.3.你可能會(huì)思量，為什么會(huì)產(chǎn)生這個(gè)現(xiàn)象呢？Why,youmaywonder,doesthisphenomenonemerge?【演練】2012.員工不愜意度調(diào)查你可能會(huì)預(yù)測(cè)，為什么員工的抱怨complaint在當(dāng)下社會(huì)如此之嚴(yán)重呢？Why,youmaywonder,isthiscomplaintofstaffsosevereintoday’ssociety?3.考慮到這個(gè)問(wèn)題的重要性，有須要指出其背后的緣故。Consideringthesignificanceofthepresentsituation,weoughttopointoutthecausesbehindit.正面話題：重要性，significance負(fù)面話題：有害性，detriment,harm4.在我看來(lái)，有兩個(gè)基本要素可以解釋這一現(xiàn)象。Twofundamentalfactors,inmymind,couldaccountforthissocialphenomenon.5.為了解釋這一趨勢(shì)，人們想到了各種緣故。Toaccountforthistrend,peoplehavecomeupwithawidevarietyofreasons.（二）詳細(xì)緣故1.第一點(diǎn)緣故：①首先，…可能對(duì)它產(chǎn)生了重要的影響。Tobeginwith,…mightexertgreatinfluenceonit.②首先,…可能導(dǎo)致了這個(gè)問(wèn)題。Firstly,…mightcausetheproblem.③一方面，這種情況可能是的結(jié)果。Foronething,thissituationmightbetheresultof....2.第二點(diǎn)緣故：①第二點(diǎn)緣故是…Thesecondreasonisthat…②此外,…What’smore,/Furthermore,/Moreover,...-->找不出兩點(diǎn)緣故的話，只寫最重要的。①大概，主要緣故是…Perhaps,theprimaryreasonisthat…②最重要的是,…Mostimportantly,….（三）引出結(jié)果1.通用結(jié)果①因此,So,Asaresult,Asaconsequence,Consequently,②似乎不止一個(gè)直接或者間接的影響與主題詞相關(guān)，這些我們都無(wú)法忽略。Thereseemtobemorethanonedirectorindirecteffectsinvolvedin…,whichnoneofuscanfailtonotice.【示例】2020.智能手機(jī)的流行似乎不止一個(gè)直接或者間接的影響與智能手機(jī)的流行相關(guān)，這些我們都無(wú)法忽略。Thereseemtobemorethanonedirectorindirecteffectsinvolvedinthepopularityofsmartphones,whichnoneofuscanfailtonotice.2.壞的結(jié)果：倘若我們視而不見(jiàn)的話，上述問(wèn)題將會(huì)產(chǎn)生嚴(yán)重后果。Theproblemmentionedaboveisboundtogeneratesevereconsequences,ifwekeepturningablindeyetoit.3.虛擬結(jié)果：（同圖畫作文第6個(gè)格子）倘若沒(méi)有這個(gè)事情的話，我們可能無(wú)法感觸到生活的痛苦。然而，倘若這個(gè)事情消極的影響繼續(xù)發(fā)生的話，我們可能要付出昂貴的代價(jià)。Weretherenosuchthing,nevercouldwefeelthehappinessoflife.Yet,weretheoppositefacetofthissituationtocontinue,wewouldpayahighprice.【示例】2013.倘若沒(méi)有兼職工作，我們可能無(wú)法擁有更多工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)。Weretherenopart-timejobs,neverwouldwehavemoreworkingexperience.【示例】2012.倘若員工不愜意的情況惡化，我們需要付出昂貴代價(jià)。Werethesituationofstaff’sdissatisfactiontocontinue,wewouldpayhigherprice.（五）詳細(xì)結(jié)果：主意一：重復(fù)問(wèn)題或加重問(wèn)題主意二：舉例Forinstance,Forexample,suchas…①Forexample,...【有例證】②Asaresult,anincreasingnumberofpeoplehavecometorealizethefactmentionedabove.【有事實(shí)】③Theproblem/situation/casementionedabovehascomeintobeing,whichmightbecomeworse/betterinthefuture.【有預(yù)測(cè)】補(bǔ)充：緣故的拓展壞：第二段：緣故：以前沒(méi)措施第三段：得有措施好：第二段：緣故：過(guò)去已經(jīng)有措施第三段：建議加強(qiáng)某些措施，建議繼續(xù)某些措施1.媒體：宣傳負(fù):媒體可能不恰當(dāng)?shù)乜浯罅诉@件事。Themassmediamightinappropriatelyexaggeratetheissue.【示例】2015過(guò)度禮品消費(fèi)：媒體可能不恰當(dāng)?shù)乜浯罅硕Y品的作用。Themassmediamightinappropriatelyexaggeratethefuctionofgifts.正：大眾媒體，如廣播、電視和網(wǎng)絡(luò)，適當(dāng)?shù)匦麄鞑⒐膭?lì)這一事情。Themassmedia,suchasradio,televisionandtheinternet,mightappropriatelyadvocateandencouragethisissue.【示例1】2013鼓勵(lì)在校大學(xué)生兼職大眾媒體，如廣播、電視和網(wǎng)絡(luò)，適當(dāng)?shù)匦麄鞑⒐膭?lì)在校大學(xué)生做兼職。Themassmedia,suchasradio,televisionandtheinternet,mightappropriatelyadvocatethisandencouragecollegestudentstodopart-timejobs.【示例2】2014.鼓勵(lì)農(nóng)民工ruralworker去大城metropolis工作。大眾媒體，如廣播、電視和網(wǎng)絡(luò)，適當(dāng)?shù)匦麄鞑⒐膭?lì)農(nóng)民工去大城市工作。Themassmedia,suchasradio,televisionandtheinternet,mightappropriatelyencourageruralworkerstofindjobsinmetropolis.2.政府：執(zhí)行負(fù)：因?yàn)槿鄙俟芸亍姆刹艑?dǎo)致了…趨勢(shì)的擴(kuò)大。Alackoflawsandregulationstocontrol…leadstotheexpandingtrendof….【示例】2012.員工不愜意度調(diào)查：因?yàn)槿鄙僬呷ヌ岣邌T工薪酬才導(dǎo)致了不愜意的趨勢(shì)擴(kuò)大。Alackoflawsandregulationstoimprovestaff’ssalaryleadstotheexpandingtrendofcomplaint.正：正是相關(guān)法律規(guī)矩的執(zhí)行促使這一個(gè)令人驚喜的趨勢(shì)浮上。Itistheenforcementofrelevantlawsandregulationsthatmakesthissurprisingtrendcomeintobeing.【演練】2019.本科畢業(yè)生去向調(diào)查：正是相關(guān)政策的執(zhí)行促使大學(xué)生創(chuàng)業(yè)的浮上。Itistheenforcementofrelevantlawsandregulationsthatmakestheself-employmentofcollegestudentscomeintobeing.3.社會(huì)：擔(dān)心負(fù)：1)社會(huì)缺少對(duì)…的擔(dān)心導(dǎo)致了…Alackofattention(from…)on…leadsto…2)對(duì)…的過(guò)多擔(dān)心導(dǎo)致了…Toomuchattention(from…)on…leadsto…【示例】2015.對(duì)包裝packaging的過(guò)多擔(dān)心導(dǎo)致了過(guò)度的excessive禮品消費(fèi)。Toomuchattentiononpackagingleadstoexcessiveexpenseongifts.正：對(duì)…的擔(dān)心促進(jìn)了…的發(fā)展。Dueattentionpaidto…h(huán)asstimulatedtherapiddevelopmentof….【示例】2010.對(duì)高科技high-tech的擔(dān)心促進(jìn)了手機(jī)的疾馳發(fā)展。Dueattentionpaidtohigh-techhasstimulatedtherapiddevelopmentofmobilephones.4.個(gè)人：意識(shí)負(fù)：個(gè)人缺乏…的意識(shí)導(dǎo)致了…Alackoftheconsciousnessof…resultsin…（結(jié)果）?！臼纠?012.個(gè)人缺乏自我提升的意識(shí)導(dǎo)致了對(duì)工資和工作環(huán)境的不愜意。Alackoftheconsciousnessofself-improvementresultsincomplaintaboutsalaryandworkingenvironment。正：個(gè)人已經(jīng)提高了…的意識(shí)。Thepublichasenhancedtheconsciousnessof….【示例】2019.大學(xué)生已經(jīng)提高了提升競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的意識(shí)。Thecollegestudentshaveenhancedtheconsciousnessofimprovingcompetitiveness.第二種：科學(xué)調(diào)查用法：借助權(quán)威機(jī)構(gòu)的數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)進(jìn)一步論證①按照最近一個(gè)權(quán)威機(jī)構(gòu)的調(diào)查表明，...Accordingtoonelatestsurveyconductedbyacertainnationalauthority,...almost…%ofthepeoplemightholdthesameview.almost…%ofthepeoplemightholdthesameviewthat...almost…%ofthepeoplemightdosimilarlyinthesamesituation.almost…%ofthepeoplemightdosth..②最近一項(xiàng)調(diào)查可以支持我的觀點(diǎn)。這項(xiàng)由舉行的調(diào)查，在調(diào)查了（某人）之后，發(fā)現(xiàn)大部分受訪者宣稱。Arecentsurveycanbackupmypoint.Thesurveyconductedby...afterpolling...hasfoundthatasignificantpercentageofrespondentsclaimedthat...（調(diào)查結(jié)論）【演練1】2016.在校大學(xué)生旅游目的調(diào)查：按照北京大學(xué)的最近一項(xiàng)調(diào)查表明，臨近80%的大學(xué)生collegestudents認(rèn)同：旅游可以協(xié)助他們提升improve/develop社交能力socialskills/ability。AccordingtoonelatestsurveyconductedbyPekingUniversity,almost80%ofcollegestudentsholdtheviewthattravellingcanhelpthemimprovesocialskills.【演練2】2019.畢業(yè)去向調(diào)查最近一項(xiàng)調(diào)查可以支持我的觀點(diǎn)。這項(xiàng)由中國(guó)社科院（theChineseAcademyofSocialSciences）舉行的調(diào)查，在調(diào)查了中國(guó)50所大學(xué)的在校大學(xué)生之后，發(fā)現(xiàn)大部分受訪者宣稱考研變成了畢業(yè)后的首選。Arecentsurveycanbackupmypoint.ThesurveyconductedbytheChineseAcademyofSocialSciencesafterpollingcollegestudentsamong50Chineseuniversitieshasfoundthatasignificantpercentageofrespondentsclaimedthattakingentranceexamforgraduateschoolhasbecometheirfirstchoiceaftergraduation.【演練3】2021．某市居民體育鍛煉方式調(diào)查這項(xiàng)由中科院舉行的調(diào)查，在調(diào)查了1000個(gè)老年人（seniorcitizens）之后，發(fā)現(xiàn)大部分受訪者認(rèn)為：和朋友家人一起（withfriendsandfamilymembers）跳廣場(chǎng)舞（dancinginthesquare）對(duì)身體健康(bodyhealth)有益處(bebeneficialfor)。Arecentsurveycanbackupmypoint.ThesurveyconductedbytheChineseAcademyofSocialSciencesafterpollingonethousandseniorcitizenshasfoundthatasignificantpercentageofrespondentsclaimedthatdancinginthesquarewithfriendsandfamilymembersisbeneficialforbodyhealth.第三種：觀點(diǎn)與利弊分析=引出爭(zhēng)議+正方觀點(diǎn)+理由和例子+反方觀點(diǎn)+理由和例子1.引出爭(zhēng)議：仁者見(jiàn)仁智者見(jiàn)智1）當(dāng)談到...的時(shí)候，人們的觀點(diǎn)因人而異。Whenitcomesto...,viewsvaryfrompersontoperson.2)事實(shí)上，......向來(lái)是一個(gè)大家熱烈研究的問(wèn)題。Infact,theissueof...haslongbeenaheateddiscussion.

3）是否要......持久以來(lái)存在爭(zhēng)議。Whether...hasarousedalong-runningdebate.4）事實(shí)上，人們對(duì)......的問(wèn)題沒(méi)有達(dá)成共識(shí)。Infact,thereisnoconsensusofopinionamongpeopleovertheissueof...5）歷史上，人們對(duì)于的現(xiàn)象從未像今天這樣研究得這么激烈。Neverbeforeinhistoryhasthephenomenonof...beentalkedsomuchasnowadays.6）事實(shí)上，這幅有著雙重意義的漫畫提出了一個(gè)有爭(zhēng)議的問(wèn)題：這種現(xiàn)象是福還是禍？仁者見(jiàn)仁智者見(jiàn)智。Infact,thiscomicwithadualmeaningasksusacontroversialquestion:isthisphenomenonablessingoracurse?Viewsmightvaryfrompersontoperson.示例1：2020.某大學(xué)學(xué)生手機(jī)閱讀目的調(diào)查當(dāng)談到手機(jī)對(duì)人際關(guān)系的影響的時(shí)候，人們的觀點(diǎn)因人而異Whenitcomestotheimpactofmobilephonesoninterpersonalrelationship,viewsvaryfrompersontoperson.

示例2：2019.畢業(yè)生去向調(diào)查是否要出國(guó)讀書持久以來(lái)存在爭(zhēng)議。Whethertostudyabroadornothasarousedalong-runningdebate.

2.各方觀點(diǎn)：1）當(dāng)談到……時(shí)，有些人認(rèn)為……，而另一些人則持相反觀點(diǎn)。Whenitcomesto...,somepeoplebelievethat...,whileothersarguethattheoppositeistrue.2）一方面，有些人認(rèn)為……。另一方面，大多數(shù)人認(rèn)為……Ontheonehand,somepeoplearguethat....Ontheotherhand,amajorityofpeoplemaintainthat...3）與傳統(tǒng)觀念認(rèn)為的……不同，現(xiàn)在越來(lái)越多的人認(rèn)為……Contrarytothetraditionalconceptthat,nowanincreasingnumberofpeoplebelievethat...4）正如盛行觀念所表明的，……。然而，少數(shù)人持有徹低不同的觀點(diǎn)，他們認(rèn)為……Asisindicatedinthepopularwisdom,....Nevertheless,aminorityofpeopleadoptacompletelydifferentview,arguingthat...示例：2019.畢業(yè)生去向調(diào)查與傳統(tǒng)觀念認(rèn)為的畢業(yè)后應(yīng)該趕緊找工作所不同，現(xiàn)在越來(lái)越多的人認(rèn)為深造能夠使得我們獲得更多的就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)。Contrarytothetraditionalconceptthatstudentsshouldfindajobaftergraduation,nowanincreasingnumberofpeoplebelievethatfurthereducationenablesustoacquiremorejobopportunities.3.常見(jiàn)理由：利弊分析【支持】強(qiáng)調(diào)主題句或主題詞的好或者好的一方面1）...是有利的。Somethingisbeneficialto/for...2）...的有點(diǎn)遠(yuǎn)大于其缺點(diǎn)。Theadvantagesofsomethingfaroutweighitsdisadvantages.3)A的優(yōu)點(diǎn)遠(yuǎn)大于B。TheadvantagesofAaremuchgreaterthanthoseofB.4)這會(huì)帶來(lái)無(wú)數(shù)益處。Itwillgiverisetoanumberofbenefits.【反駁】強(qiáng)調(diào)主題句或主題詞的壞或者壞的一方面1）...是有害的。Somethingisdetrimentalto....2）...的缺點(diǎn)遠(yuǎn)大于其優(yōu)點(diǎn)。Thedisadvantagesofsomethingfaroutweighitsadvantages.3)這會(huì)帶來(lái)無(wú)數(shù)壞處。Itwillbringcountlessdrawbacks.4)這本身就有缺點(diǎn)。Ithasitsshortcomings.

【縮略版】讓步段：

引出爭(zhēng)議+正方觀點(diǎn)（+正方理由和例子）+反方觀點(diǎn)+反方理由（+舉例） 事實(shí)上，這一現(xiàn)象大家向來(lái)有商議。誠(chéng)然，一部人可能認(rèn)為….然而，其他的人都不肯意這一觀點(diǎn)。他們的理由是：第一，…。第二，…。比如說(shuō)…Infact,thisissue（whether…ornot）haslongbeenamatterofdebate.Admittedly,aminorityofpeoplemayholdtheviewthat…tosomeextent.Yet,amajorityofpeopleholdtheothersideofthispicture.Foronething,….Foranother,….Forinstance,…意義總結(jié)句第一種寫法：將論證的三句話舉行總結(jié)，與本段主題句首尾呼應(yīng)。對(duì)主題句再次闡述。示例：英語(yǔ)一2007：缺乏自信因此，保持信心并對(duì)艱難舉行準(zhǔn)確預(yù)計(jì)，竭盡全力，我們就將解決所有問(wèn)題。So，withconfidenceandtherightassessmentofthedifficulties,tryandexertourstrength,andthenwewillovercomeallproblems.示例：英語(yǔ)一2008：合作事實(shí)上，人們普遍認(rèn)為，團(tuán)隊(duì)精神是任何想要獲得勝利的人都應(yīng)該具備的最基本的素質(zhì)。Infact，ithasbeenuniversallyacknowledgedthatteamspiritisoneofthemostessentialqualificationsthatanyonewhowantstoachievesuccessshouldpossess.示例：英二2020.手機(jī)閱讀調(diào)查這將是不幸的，因?yàn)槲覀儗仨懥聊缬谑謾C(jī)，以至于可能再也不會(huì)舉行社會(huì)交際。Thiswouldbeunfortunatebecausebybecomingsoaddictedtothevirtualworld,wemightneverbeexposedtosocialinteractions.2.虛擬語(yǔ)氣：正面話題：倘若沒(méi)有這種事情，我們將永遠(yuǎn)無(wú)法體味到人生的痛苦。Weretherenosuchthing,neverwouldwetastethehappinessoflife.示例：2020：手機(jī)閱讀調(diào)查倘若智能手機(jī)，我們可能無(wú)法體味高科技的便捷。Weretherenosmartphones,neverwouldwetastetheconvenienceofhigh-tech.2）負(fù)面話題：倘若這種情況持續(xù)下去，我們將付出沉重的代價(jià)。Werethesituationtocontinue,wewouldpayaheavyprice示例：2012年.公司員工不愜意度調(diào)查倘若這種抱怨的情況持續(xù)下去，公司將付出越發(fā)昂貴的代價(jià)。Weretheissueofcomplainttocontinue,thecorporationwillpayahigherprice.3.要不是某事或某種精神，某些人又怎么可能做某事呢？Without