雅思閱讀教材

閱讀20課時課程框架

1-2英語基本概念+從句判斷

3-4配對題——heading題

5-6酉己對題——whichparagraph題+sentence

ending題

7-8配對題——detailmatching題+classify題

9-10判斷題1

11-12判斷題2

13-14摘要題+填空題

15-16選擇題

17-18簡答題

19-20平行閱讀法

英語基本概念

(-)十大詞性：

八大句子成分：

(二)句子核心：句子主干

舉例：長得乖巧的常被鄰居夸獎但今天卻被媽媽罵了的小明不開心地看似有點想不開的步履

蹣跚地走過了這條五年前由他爸爸主持修建的橋。

主干：

句子能稱為句子，一定是有動詞的。

造句練習(xí)：

1.他造了一座橋。

2.他和我在一起。

五大基本句型3.

4.

區(qū)分下列句式：

（1）Xiaomingfindsfoodbitter.

（2）Xiaomingfindsfoodbitterly.

（3）Xiaomingfindshislittlesistersomebitterfood.

造句并說明句型

1.汽車使交通變得方便。

2.我給你找了個房子。

3.人們認(rèn)為猴子很奇怪。

（三）長難句：1.加入復(fù)雜修飾成分：形容詞，介詞短語等

2.加入復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)：插入語等

3.合并多個句子：并列句&主從句

（四）從句概念：八大句子成分中，除謂語動詞和補(bǔ)語外，當(dāng)一個句子充當(dāng)某成分

時，該從句就叫做某某從句。如一個句子做主語，則該從句叫主語從句。

（1.從句+動詞、

2.實義動詞+從句>主干性從句

（五）六大從句判斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)3.系動詞+從句,

|4.具體名詞+從句'

5.抽象名詞+從句>修飾性從句

16.從句，去掉不影響句子完整度

（六）六大從句共同特點：1.有連同（可省略）且置于從句句首

2.連詞在句中做成分，有意思（that除外）

3.從句用陳述語序（讓步狀語從句例外）

驗證：他住在哪里？

我不知道他住在哪里。

總結(jié)：從句的位置是連同開始，到下一個動詞或連詞前結(jié)束

(七)在長難句中找從句的方法：

L找動詞--判斷依據(jù)：有謂語動詞的句子是一個分句，不是主句就是從句

2.找連詞--判斷依據(jù)：從句有連詞(可省略)且置于從句句首

3.找從句…-判斷依據(jù)：連詞開始,第二個動詞前或下個連詞前結(jié)束

例1：

InAfricaImetaboywhowascryingasifhishearlwouldbreakandwhosaid,whanIspokelohim,

thathewashungrybecausehehadhadnofoodfortwodays.

去掉修飾性成分和修飾性從句外的主干為：

例2：

Manyexpertssuggestthatthechildraisedinanenvironmentwheretherearemanystimuliwhich

develophiscapacityforappropriateresponseswillexperiencegreaterintellectualdevelopment.

去掉修飾性成分和修飾性從句外的主干為：

(A)真題斷句練習(xí)：

1.AnaccidentthatoccurredintheskiesovertheGrandCanyonin1956resultedintheestablishment

oftheFederalAviationAdministrationtoregulateandoverseetheoperationofaircraftintheskies

overtheUnitedStates,whichwerebecomingquitecongested.(C8T!Pl)

主干：

2.Unprecedentedconstructionoftensofthousandsofmonumentalengineeringprojectsdesignedto

controlfloods,protectcleanwatersupplies,andprovidewaterforirrigationandhydro-power

broughtgreatbenefitstohundredsofmillionsofpeople.(C7T1P2)

主干：

3.AttheheightoftheRoman,ninemajorsystems,withaninnovativelayoutofpipesandwell-built

sewers,suppliedtheoccupantsofRomewithasmuchwaterperpersonasisprovidedinmany

partsoftheindustrialworldtoday.(C7TIP2)

主干：

非謂語動詞

一、概念

以動詞do為例，寫出所有該詞的變形：

非謂語形式：1、不定式：todo一表示目的和將來

2、現(xiàn)在分詞:doing----表示主動和進(jìn)行

3、過去分詞：done--表示被動和完成

插入語

插入語一般對一句話作一些附加的說明。通常與句中其它部分沒有語法上的聯(lián)系，將它刪掉之

后，句子結(jié)構(gòu)仍然完整。插入語在句中有時是對一句話的一些附加解釋、說明或總結(jié)；有時表

達(dá)說話者的態(tài)度和看法；有時起強(qiáng)調(diào)的作用；有時是為了引起對方的注意；還可以起轉(zhuǎn)移話題

或說明事由的作用；也可以承上啟下，使句子銜接得更緊密一些。掌握這一語言現(xiàn)象不僅有利

于對英語句子等的理解，還有利于提高寫作等的水平。插入語的類型較多，常見的如下幾種：

一、副詞（短語）作插入語。

能用作插入語的副詞（短語）有：

indeed,surely,still,otherwise,certainly,however,generally,personally,honestly,fortunately,

luckily,though,besides,exactly,perhaps,maybe,probably,frankly,orrather等。

如：Whenhegottothere,hefound,however,thattheweatherwastoobad.

可是到了那兒之后他發(fā)現(xiàn)，那兒的天氣太壞了。

Otherwise,hewouldstillbeathome.不然的話，他還會在家的。

三、介詞短語作插入語。

能用作插入語的介詞短語有：

infact,inone'sopinion,ingeneral,inawordjnotherwords,inafewwords,ofcourse,bytheway,

asaresult,forexample,onthecontrary,ontheotherhand,toone'ssurprise,inshort,

asamatteroffact,inconclusion,inbrief等。

如：Youcan'twaitanymore-inotherwords,youshouldstartatonce.你不能再等了----換言之，

你得立即出發(fā)。

Onthecontrary,weshouldstrengthenourcorporationwiththem.相反我們應(yīng)加強(qiáng)和他們的合作。

四.V-ing（短語）作插入語。

能用作插入語的V-ing（短語）常見的有：

generallyspeaking,strictlyspeaking,judgingfromby,talkingof,considering等。

如：Generallyspeaking,theweatherthereisneithertoocoldinwinternortoohotinsummer.——般

來說，那兒的氣候冬天不太冷，夏天不太熱。

五.閱讀中出現(xiàn)大量插入語會增加理解障礙。熟練掌握插入語，有利于分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，理解文

?人，后'O

寫作要求語言連貫、地道，恰當(dāng)使用插入語，也可以給文章增色不少。

配對題--ListofHeading

一.題型介紹：

ListofHeading即段落大意題或者標(biāo)題對應(yīng)題，位置都是在所給文章的第一個題

型考察，并且題的位置是放在文章之前。這個題型是選出所給段落的大意，相當(dāng)

于中學(xué)語文的中心大意題，所以需要考生從宏觀上理解段落大意，最好的方法是

通過找一些主旨句子讀懂文章段落的大意，如果沒有主旨句子，需要考生自己總

結(jié)段落大意，之后再瀏覽所給選項，選出大意最相近的選項。

?ListofHeading在閱讀題型中考察幅度占30%,且可能一次考試中考兩次甚

至三次。

二.題型分布:

劍橋真題難度指數(shù)劍橋真題難度指數(shù)

4.3.2(p70-72)中6.3.2(p67-69)中

4.4.3(p96-98)初6.4.1(p85-87)高

5.3.2(p66-68)中6.4.3(p93-95)中

5.4.1(p85-87)高7.1.2(p22-24)高

6.1.3(p26-28)中7.2.3(p48-50)中

6.2.1(p40-42)中7.3.2(p69-71)高

三.思路與技巧

1.注意事項

段落大意題是理解性的題型，需注意：

1）跟其他題型混合時，該題型一般會位于第一個題型，且常常位于文章之前，注

意不要遺漏。且文章的段落數(shù)與題目考查數(shù)量可能不對應(yīng)，要注意考查的是哪幾

段。

2）雖然位于第一個題型，但切忌首先來做。因為本題是閱讀所有題型中唯一考查

段落大意的題，當(dāng)我們完成相應(yīng)段落的細(xì)節(jié)題后，很可能該段的段落大意不需要

刻意去找就可以很好理解，無需花費多余時間單獨做。（我們后面講解的該題步

驟和技巧都是基于細(xì)節(jié)題后沒有判斷出段落大意的其他方法）

3）切忌先讀題，后讀文章。因為先讀題，考生往往會帶著題干中的關(guān)鍵詞去讀

文章，這樣一旦這個關(guān)鍵詞在段落中出現(xiàn)，可能會影響考生利用關(guān)鍵詞做題，而

不去讀段落大意，造成錯誤。例如：

ListofHeadings

iMIRTPasafuturemodel

iiIdentifyingthemaintransportproblems

iiipreferenceformotorizedvehicles

ivGovernmentauthorities9instructions

vInitialimprovementsinmobilityandtransportmodes

viRequestforimprovedtransportinMakete

viiTransportimprovementsinthenorthernpartofthedistrict

viiiImprovementsintherailnetwork

ixEffectsofinitialMIRTPmeasures

xCo-operationofdistrictofficials

xiRoleofwheelbarrowsanddonkeys

SectionE（概括不是細(xì)節(jié)）

ItwouldhavebeeneasytocriticizetheMIRTPforusingintheearlyphasesa

'top-down'approach,inwhichdecisionsweremadebyexpertsandofficialsbefore

beinghandeddowntocommunities,butitwasnecessarytostarttheprocessfromthe

levelvfthegovernmentalauthoritiesofthedistrict.Itwouldhavebeendifficultto

respondto[herequestsofvillagersandotherruralinhabitantswithoutthesupportand

understandingofdistrictauthorities.（C7T2P3）

總結(jié)：小標(biāo)題與目標(biāo)段落關(guān)鍵詞相似度越高，正確的概率越低

（排除本段反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的詞作為段落標(biāo)題的現(xiàn)象）

2.做題步驟：

1）看已給出的答案及文章標(biāo)題，排除干擾選項，以防錯選。

例如:C7T2P3

ListofHeadings

iMIRTPasafuturemodel

iiIdentifyingthemaintransportproblems

iiipreferenceformotorizedvehicles

ivGovernmentauthorities'instructions

vInitialimprovementsinmobilityandtransportmodes

viRequestforimprovedtransportinMakete

viiTransportimprovementsinthenorthernpartofthedistrict

viiiImprovementsintherailnetwork

ixEffectsofinitialMIRTPmeasures

xCo-operationofdistrictofficials

xiRoleofwheelbanowsanddonkeys

ExampleAnswer

27SectionAvi

28SectionB

29SectionC

ExampleAnswer

30SectionDix

31SectionE

32SectionF

2)讀文章中有題設(shè)置的第一段的首二尾句，并斷句，尋找主干。如該段為總分總,

總分，或分總結(jié)構(gòu)時，閱讀首二尾句可快速確定主題。段落結(jié)構(gòu)的判斷依據(jù)為:

論點句

?觀點句(think,view,opinion,suggest,say,analyze,propose...)

?評論句(critical;fundamental;ofsignificance或比較morethan;ratherthan...)

?結(jié)果句(consequently,asaresult,causing,leadto...)

論據(jù)

?舉例(forexample,suchas,forinstance,thecaseinpointisthat...)

?事實句(it'sproved,it'strue,fact,researchshows,study...)

?原因句(dueto,because,itis...thatmakes..)

例如：AirTrafficControlintheUSA

ListofHeadings

iDisobeyingFAAregulations

iiAviationdisasterpromptsaction

iiiTwocoincidentaldevelopments

ivSettingaltitudezones

VAnoversimplifiedview

viControllingpilots1licences

viiDefiningairspacecategories

viiiSettingrulestoweatherconditions

ixTakingoffsafely

XFirststepstowardsATC

FTheFAAthenrecognisedtwotypesofoperatingenvironments.Ingood

meteorologicalconditions,flyingwouldbepermittedunderVisualFlightRules(VFR),

whichsuggestsastrongrelianceonvisualcuestomaintainanacceptablelevelofsafety.

PoorvisibilitynecessitatedasetofInstrumentalFlightRules(IFR),underwhichthepilot

reliedonaltitudeandnavigationalinformationprovidedbytheplane*sinstrumentpanelto

flysafely.Onaclearday,apilotincontrolledairspacecanchooseaVFRorIFRflight

plan,andtheFAAregulationsweredevisedinawaywhichaccommodatesbothVFRand

IFRoperationsinthesameairspace.However,apilotcanonlychoosetoflyIFRifthey

possessaninstrumentratingwhichisaboveandbeyondthebasicpilot'slicensethatmust

alsobeheld.(C8TlP2)

正確答案:

3)輔助看段落中的結(jié)構(gòu)

A.轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系(although;however;but;nevertheless

B.對比關(guān)系(bycontrast;incomparison;ontheotherhand等)

C.因果關(guān)系(asaresult,so,thus,therefore,inthiscase,consequently,asaconsequence

等)

例如：Advantageofpublictransport

ListofHeadings

iAvoidinganovercrowdedcentre

iiAsuccessfulexerciseinpeoplepower

iiiThebenefitsofworkingtogetherincities

ivHigherincomesneednotmeanmorecars

vEconomicargumentsfailtopersuade

viTheimpactoftelecommunicationsonpopulationdistribution

viiIncreasesintravellingtime

viiiRespondingtoargumentsagainstpublictransport

EItwasonceassumedthatimprovementsintelecommunicationswouldleadtomore

dispersalinthepopulationaspeoplewerenolongerforcedintocities.However,the

ISTPteam'sresearchdemonstratesthatthepopulationandjobdensityofcitiesroseor

remainedconstantinthe1980safterdecadesofdecline.Theexplanationforthis

seemstobethatitisvaluabletoplacepeopleworkinginrelatedfieldstogether.*The

newworldwilllargelydependonhumancreativity,andcreativityflourisheswhere

peoplecometogetherface-to-face.'(C6T2P1)

正確答案:

4)不是所有的段落都可以找出明顯的主旨句，在一些說明文章中沒有明顯的主

旨句，需要考生讀完整個段落，自行總結(jié)主旨，再做選擇。整體閱讀也無需所有

句子都讀，如舉例子的句子是不需要讀的。

例如：TheLittleIceAge

ListofHeadings

iPredictingclimaticchanges

iiTherelevanceoftheLittleIceAgetoday

iiiHowcitiescontributetoclimatechange

ivHumanimpactontheclimate

vHowpastclimaticconditionscanbedetermined

viAgrowingneedforweatherrecords

viiAstudycoveringathousandyears

viiiPeoplehavealwaysrespondedtoclimatechange

ixEnoughfoodatlast

FGlobaltemperaturesbegantoriseslowlyafter1850,withthebeginningofthe

ModemWarmPeriod.TherewasavastmigrationfromEuropebyland-hungry

farmersandothers,towhichthefaminecausedbytheIrishpotatoblightcontributed,

toNorthAmerica,Australia,NewZealand,andsouthernAfrica.Millionsofhectares

offorestandwoodlandfellbeforethenewcomers*axesbetween1850and1890,as

intensiveEuropeanfarmingmethodsexpandedacrosstheworld.Theunprecedented

landclearancereleasedvastquantitiesofcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,

triggeringforthefirsttimehumanlycausedglobalwarming.Temperaturesclimbed

morerapidlyinthetwentiethcenturyastheuseoffossilfuelsproliferatedand

greenhousegaslevelscontinuedtosoar.Therisehasbeenevensteepersincetheearly

1980s.TheLittleIceAgehasgivenwaytoanewclimaticregime,markedby

prolongedandsteadywarming.Atthesametime,extremeweathereventslike

Category5hurricanesarebecomingmorefrequent.(C8T2P2)

正確答案:

5）如以上步驟還不能解決該題，可嘗試看下段首句，可能會有承上啟下句來暗

示上段主題。（建議同學(xué)掌握在閱讀中碰到的承上啟下句，靈活應(yīng)用到寫作中）

例如：MakingEveryDropCount

ListofHeadings

iScientists1callfbrarevisionofpolicy

iiAnexplanationforreducedwateruse

iiiHowaglobalchallengewasmet

ivIrrigationsystemsfallintodisuse

VEnvironmentaleffects

viThefinancialcostofrecenttechnologicalimprovements

viiTherelevancetohealth

viiiAddressingtheconcernoverincreasingpopulations

ixAsurprisingdownwardtrendindemandforwater

XTheneedtoraisestandards

xiAdescriptionofancientwatersupplies

CYetthereisadarksidetothispicture:despiteourprogress,halfoftheworld's

populationstillsuffers,withwaterservicesinferiortothoseavailabletotheancient

GreeksandRomans.AstheUnitedNationsreportonaccesstowaterreiteratedin

November2001,morethanonebillionpeoplelackaccesstocleandrinkingwater;some

twoandahalfbilliondonothaveadequatesanitationservices.Preventablewater-related

diseasedkillanestimated10,000to20,000childreneveryday,andthelatestevidence

suggeststhatwearefallingbehindineffortstosolvetheseproblems.

DTheconsequencesofourwaterpoliciesextendbeyondjeopardizinghumanhealth.

Tensofmillionspeoplehavebeenforcedtomovefromtheirhomes——oftenwithlittle

warningorcompensation——tomakewayforthereservoirsbehinddams.Morethan20%

ofallfreshwaterfishspeciesarenowthreatenedorendangeredbecausedamsandwater

withdrawalshavedestroyedthefree-flowingriverecosystemswheretheythrive.Certain

irrigationpracticesdegradesoilqualityandreduceagriculturalproductivity.Groundwater

aquifersarebeingpumpeddownfasterthantheyarenaturallyreplenishedinpartsof

India,China,theUSAandelsewhere.Anddisputesoversharedwaterresourceshaveled

toviolenceandcontinuetoraiselocal,nationalandeveninternationaltensions.(C7T1P2)

正確答案：

6)假如以上步驟均未解決該題，那就暫時擱置，做完所有題目后，在剩余選

項中用排除法選擇最佳答案為上上策。

四.例題講解

技巧實戰(zhàn)(C6T1P3)

ChoosethecorrectheadingforparagraphsB-Gfromthelistofheadingsbelow.Writethe

correctnumber,i-ix,inboxes27-32onyouranswersheet,

ListofHeadings

iThereactionofthelimitcommunitytoclimatechange

iiUnderstandingofclimatechangeremainslimited

iiiAlternativesourcesofessentialsupplies

ivRespectfbrlimitopiniongrows

vAhealthierchoiceoffood

viAdifficultlandscape

viiNegativeeffectsonwell-being

viiiAlarmcausedbyunprecedentedeventsintheArctic

ixThebenefitsofaneasierexistence

ExampleAnswer

ParagraphAViii

27ParagraphB

28ParagraphC

29ParagraphD

30ParagraphE

31ParagraphF

32ParagraphG

ClimateChangeandtheInuit

ThethreatposedbyclimatechangeintheArcticandtheproblemsfacedbyCanada's

Inuitpeople

AUnusualincidentsarebeingreportedacrosstheArctic.Inuitfamiliesgoingoffon

snowmobilestopreparetheirsummerhuntingcampshavefoundthemselvescutofffrom

homebyaseaofmud,followingearlythaws.Therearereportsofiglooslosingtheir

insulatingpropertiesasthesnowdripsandrefreezes,oflakesdrainingintotheseaas

permafrostmelts,andseaicebreakingupearlierthanusual,carryingsealsbeyondthe

reachofhunters,Climatechangemaystillbearatherabstractideatomostofus,butin

theArcticitisalreadyhavingdramaticeffects-ifsummertimeicecontinuestoshrinkat

itspresentrate,theArcticOceancouldsoonbecomevirtuallyice-freeinsummer.The

knock-oneffectsarelikelytoincludemorewarming,cloudierskies,increased

precipitationandhighersealevels.Scientistsareincreasinglykeentofindoutwhat's

goingonbecausetheyconsidertheArcticthe'canaryinthemine'forglobalwarming-a

warningofwhafsinstorefortherestoftheworld.

BFortheInuittheproblemisurgent.Theyliveinprecariousbalancewithoneofthe

toughestenvironmentsonearth.Climatechange,whateveritscauses,isadirectthreatto

theirwayoflife.NobodyknowstheArcticaswellasthelocals,whichiswhytheyare

notcontentsimplytostandbackandletoutsideexpertstellthemwhat*shappening.In

Canada,wheretheinuitpeoplearejealouslyguardingtheirhard-wonautonomyinthe

country'snewestterritory,Nunavut,theybelievetheirbesthopeofsurvivalinthis

changingenvironmentliesincombiningtheirancestralknowledgewiththebestof

modernscience.Thisisachallengeinitself.

CTheCanadianArcticisavast,treelesspolardesertthat'scoveredwithsnowformostof

theyear.Ventureintothisterrainandyougetsomeideaofthehardshipsfacinganyone

whocallsthishome,Farmingisoutofthequestionandnatureoffersmeagerpickings.

HumansfirstsettledintheArcticamere4,500yearsago,survivingbyexploitingsea

mammalsandfish.Theenvironmenttestedthemtothelimits:sometimesthecolonists

weresuccessful,sometimestheyfailedandvanished.Butaroundathousandyearsago,

onegroupemergedthatwasuniquelywelladaptedtocopewiththeArcticenvironment.

TheseThulepeoplemovedinfromAlaska,bringingkayaks,sleds,dogs,potteryandiron

tools.Theyaretheancestorsoftoday'sInuitpeople.

DLifeforthedescendantsoftheThulepeopleisstillharsh.Nunavutis1.9millionsquare

kilometersofrockandice,andahandfulofislandsaroundtheNorthPole.It'scurrently

hometo2,500people,allbutahandfulofthemindigenousInuit.Overthepast40years,

mosthaveabandonedtheirnomadicwaysandsettledintheterritory's28isolated

communities,buttheystillrelyheavilyonnaturetoprovidefoodandclothing.

ProvisionsavailableinlocalshopshavetobeflownintoNunavutononeofthemost

costlyairnetworksintheworld,orbroughtbysupplyshipduringthefewice-freeweeks

ofsummer.Itwouldcostafamilyaround￡7,000ayeartoreplacemeattheyobtained

themselvesthroughhuntingwithimportedmeat.Economicopportunitiesarescarce,and

fbrmanypeoplestatebenefitsaretheironlyincome.

EWhiletheInuitmaynotactuallystarveifhuntingandtrappingarecurtailedbyclimate

change,therehascertainlybeenanimpactonpeople'shealth.Obesity,heartdiseaseand

diabetesarebeginningtoappearinapeoplefbrwhomthesehaveneverbeforebeen

problems.Therehasbeenacrisisofidentityasthetraditionalskillsofhunting,trapping

andpreparingskinshavebeguntodisappear.InNunavufs'iglooandemail1society,

whereadultswhowerebominiglooshavechildrenwhomayneverhavebeenoutonthe

land,there'sahighincidenceofdepression.

FWithsomuchatstake,theInuitaredeterminedtoplayakeyroleinteasingoutthe

mysteriesofclimatechangeintheArctic.Havingsurvivedtherefbrcenturies,they

believetheirwealthoftraditionalknowledgeisvitaltothetask.AndWesternscientists

arestartingtodrawonthiswisdom,increasinglyrefen*edtoasInuitQaujimajatuqangif,

orIQ.Intheearlydaysscientistsignoreduswhentheycameupheretostudyanything.

Theyjustfiguredthesepeopledon'tknowverymuchsowewon'taskthem,1saysJohn

Amagoalik,anInuitleaderandpolitician.*ButinrecentyearsIQhashadmuchmore

credibilityandweight?Infactitisnowarequirementfbranyonehopingtoget

permissiontodoresearchthattheyconsultthecommunities,whoarehelpingtosetthe

researchagendatoreflecttheirmostimportantconcerns.Theycanturndownapplications

fromscientiststheybelievewillworkagainsttheirinterests,orresearchprojectsthatwill

impingetoomuchontheirdailylivesandtraditionalactivities.

GSomescientistsdoubtthevalueoftraditionalknowledgebecausetheoccupationofthe

Arcticdoesn*tgobackfarenough.Others,however,pointoutthatthefirstweather

stationsinthefarnorthdatebackjust50years.Therearestillhugegapsinour

environmentalknowledge,anddespitethescientificonslaught,manypredictionsareno

morethanbestguesses.IQcouldhelptobridgethegapandresolvethetremendous

uncertaintyabouthowmuchofwhatwe*reseeingisnaturalcapriciousnessandhowmuch

istheconsequenceofhumanactivity.

配對題--Whichparagraph&Sentenceending

Whichparagraph題

一.題型介紹：

Whichparagraphcontainsthefollowinginformation題，即段落匹配題，”以下題目

的信息是在文章的哪個段落出現(xiàn)“。屬于典型的細(xì)節(jié)題，是在一篇文章的后面給出

4-5道題，然后把這些題目和文中的段落來匹配。做題時需要考生從微觀上來確

定關(guān)鍵詞了解這個題目的細(xì)節(jié)信息，再回文章中來找和這個細(xì)節(jié)信息相對的段落。

此題在閱讀題型中考察幅度占20%。

?注意區(qū)分heading配對題

headingwhichparagraph

文章前第一個題型文章后第一個題型

考查點段落大意文章細(xì)節(jié)

考直能力段落大意總結(jié)能力同義替換詞匯

做題順序細(xì)節(jié)題后做跟細(xì)節(jié)題同時做

二.題型分布:

劍橋真題難度指數(shù)|劍橋真題難度指數(shù)

4.2.3(p52)中1.6.3.1(p65)高

4.3.3(p76)初7.1.1(p20)中

5.1.2(p22)中7.2.2(p46)高

5.3.1(p64)高8.1.1(p20)中

5.3.3(p73)中9.2.1(p43)高

6.1.1(pl9)中9.3.2(p69)高

6.1.2(p24)中9.4.4(p93)高

三.思路與技巧

3.思路詳解

除了標(biāo)題對應(yīng)題以外，其他所有的題型都是需要先讀題后讀文章，考生需要從題干

中劃出2個以上的關(guān)鍵詞，在文章中找到關(guān)鍵詞的位置，即定位。

1)常用的關(guān)鍵詞類別

A.數(shù)字，大寫字母，學(xué)術(shù)類詞匯，連字符詞(morethan3000species,FAA,telepathy,

sister-in-law)

B.表示時間，地點的短語，介詞短語(in1996,inParis,undermeditation)

C.連詞部分(and,aswellas,both..and..)

D.比較級和最高級(more...than,themost...)

E.重要的名詞(test,survey,finance,economy)

F.重要的動詞(respondto,agreeon,concuron,alter)

2)常見的定位方法

A.原文原字如：常見于數(shù)字，時間，大寫字，學(xué)術(shù)類FAA,telepathy,sister-in-law

題干中的這樣的詞文章中不會替換。

B.同義詞如：advantage=goodpoint=bonus=award=benefit

C.反義詞如：noadvantages=drawback,否定的表達(dá)還會出現(xiàn)一些否定副詞，例如

hardly,seldom,never,rarely等

D.同類詞常表現(xiàn)為概念的大小，如題干中diet,文章中是food或具體的食物

vegetables

E.反向詞(常見于動詞)(pay-charge,come?go)

如：動作對象互換位置；AchargesB=BpaysA

主動和被動的替換：Thesurveyisrespondedbythestudents

=Thestudentsrespondthesurvey.

4.技巧步驟：

1)先讀題干，確定題目要求中有沒有NB,如果有的話那么其中某一項一定可

以選兩次(NBYoumayuseanylettermorethanonce.)

2)讀每個題干的大意，劃出每個題干的兩到三個關(guān)鍵詞

3)短暫并完整記憶每個題干的關(guān)鍵詞和大意

4)帶著所有關(guān)鍵詞去文章中找和題干匹配的段落，如果不能全部記住所有題目

的關(guān)鍵詞，就從逐段去讀文章，再和題干的關(guān)鍵詞和大意對應(yīng)，一一答題

?切忌先通篇讀文章，后根據(jù)文章的大意和題目一一對應(yīng)，這樣文章會反復(fù)閱讀多

遍，浪費時間，因為段落匹配題是細(xì)節(jié)性的題型，答案一般都在一到兩句話中出

現(xiàn)。

?注意題干中和文章定位句中存在的替換關(guān)系，所以牢牢掌握細(xì)節(jié)題思路的五種替

換關(guān)系對于此題至關(guān)重要。.

四.例題講解(C7T1P1)

Lefsgotobats

ABatshaveaproblem:howtofindtheirwayaroundinthedark.Theyhuntatnight,

andcannotuselighttohelpthemfindpreyandavoidobstacles.Youmightsaythatthisis

aproblemoftheirownmaking,onethattheycouldavoidsimplybychangingtheirhabits

andhuntingbyday.Butthedaytimeeconomyisalreadyheavilyexploitedbyother

creaturessuchasbirds.Giventhatthereisalivingtobemadeatnight,andgiventhat

alternativedaytimetradesarethoroughlyoccupied,naturalselectionhasfavoredbatsthat

makeagoofthenight-huntingtrade.Itisprobablethatthenocturnaltradesgowayback

intheancestryofallmammals.Inthetimewhenthedinosaursdominatedthedaytime

economy,ourmammalianancestorsprobablyonlymanagedtosurviveatallbecausethey

foundwaysofscrapingalivingatnight.Onlyafterthemysteriousmassextinctionofthe

dinosaursabout65millionyearsagowereourancestorsabletoemergeintothedaylight

inanysubstantialnumbers.

BBatshaveanengineeringproblem:howtofindtheirwayandfindtheirpreyinthe

absenceoflight.Batsarenottheonlycreaturestofacethisdifficultytoday.Obviouslythe

night-flyinginsectsthattheypreyonmustfindtheirwayaboutsomehow.Deep-seafish

andwhaleshavelittleornolightbydayorbynight.Fishanddolphinsthatlivein

extremelymuddywatercannotseebecause,althoughthereislight,itisobstructedand

scatteredbythedirtinthewaterPlentyofothermodemanimalsmaketheirlivingin

conditionswhereseeingisdifficultorimpossible.

CGiventhequestionsofhowtomanoeuvreinthedark,whatsolutionsmightan

engineerconsider?Thefirstonethatmightoccurtohimistomanufacturelight,tousea

lanternorasearchlight.Firefliesandsomefish(usuallywiththehelpofbacteria)have

thepowertomanufacturetheirownlight,buttheprocessseemstoconsumealarge

amountofenergy.Firefliesusetheirlightforattractingmates.Thisdoesn'trequirea

prohibitiveamountofenergy:amale'stinypinprickoflightcanbeseenbyafemalefrom

somedistanceonadarknight,sincehereyesareexposeddirectlytothelightsourceitself.

However;usinglighttofindone'sownwayaroundrequiresvastlymoreenergy,sincethe

eyeshavetodetectthetinyfractionofthelightthatbouncesoffeachpartofthe

scene.Thelightsourcemustthereforebeimmenselybrighterifitistobeusedasa

headlighttoilluminatethepath,thanifitistobeusedasasignaltoothers.Inanyevent,

whetherornotthereasonistheenergyexpense,itseemstobethecasethat,withthe

possibleexceptionofsomeweirddeep-seafish,noanimalapartfrommanuses

manufacturedlighttofinditswayabout.

DWhatelsemighttheengineerthinkof?Well,blindhumanssometimesseemtohavean

uncannysenseofobstaclesintheirpath.Ithasbeengiventhename1facialvision1,

becauseblindpeoplehavereportedthatitfeelsabitlikethesenseoftouch,ontheface.

Onereporttellsofatotallyblindboywhocouldridehistricycleatgoodspeedroundthe

blocknearhishome,usingfacialvision.Experimentsshowedthat,infact,facialvisionis

nothingtodowithtouchorthefrontoftheface,althoughthesensationmaybereferredto

thefrontoftheface,likethereferredpaininaphantomlimb.Thesensationoffacial

vision,itturnsout,reallygoesinthroughtheears.Blindpeople,withoutevenbeing

awareofthefact,areactuallyusingechoesoftheirownfootstepsandofothersounds,to

sensethepresenceofobstacles.Beforethiswasdiscovered,engineershadalreadybuilt

instrumentstoexploittheprinciple,forexampletomeasurethedepthoftheseaundera

ship.Afterthistechniquehadbeeninvented,itwasonlyamatteroftimebeforeweapons

desi