環(huán)境工程專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ)全套教學(xué)課件

ProfessionalEnglishforEnvironmentalEngineering全套可編輯PPT課件

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50%2次課堂報(bào)告

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IntroductiontoEnvironmentalEngineeringAirPollutionandControlWaterPollutionandControlSolidWasteandDisposalEnvironmentalImpactAssessmentEnvironmentalLaws，RegulationsandSustainableDevelopmentProfessionalEnglishforEnvironmentalEngineering

IntroductiontoEnvironmentalEngineering

WhatisEnvironmentalEngineering

ContentsImportantConcepts

Environmentalengineeringistheintegrationofsciencesandengineeringprinciplestoimprovethenaturalenvironment,toprovidehealthywater,air,andlandforhumanhabitationandforotherorganisms,andtocleanuppollutionsites.

--abranchofappliedscienceandtechnologythataddressestheissueofenergypreservation,productionassetandcontrolofwastefromhumanandanimalactivities.WhatisEnvironmentalEngineering?--Wastewatermanagement--Airpollutioncontrol--Recycling--Wastedisposal--Radiationprotection--Industrialhygiene--Environmentalsustainability--Publichealthissues--Knowledgeofenvironmentalengineeringlaw--TheenvironmentalimpactRelatedfieldCivilengineering

hydrology,waterresourcesmanagement,bioremediation,andwatertreatmentplantdesign.Chemicalengineeringenvironmentalchemistry,advancedairandwatertreatmenttechnologiesandseparationprocessesWhatisEnvironmentalEngineering?DevelopmentEversincepeoplefirstrecognizedthattheirhealthandwell-beingwererelatedtothequalityoftheirenvironment,theyhaveappliedthoughtfulprinciplestoattempttoimprovethequalityoftheirenvironment.WhatisEnvironmentalEngineering?TheancientHarappancivilizationutilizedearlysewersinsomecities.(B.C.3000)DevelopmentWhatisEnvironmentalEngineering?Romansconstructedaqueductstopreventdroughtandtocreateaclean,healthfulwatersupplyforthemetropolisofRome.(B.C.500)DevelopmentWhatisEnvironmentalEngineering?Inthe15thcentury,Bavaria③createdlawsrestrictingthedevelopmentanddegradationofalpinecountrythatconstitutedtheregion'swatersupply.DevelopmentWhatisEnvironmentalEngineering?TheearliestknowndrainagesysteminChinaappearedinthelateNeolithicage,about4600yearsago.ItisagroupofceramicundergrounddrainagepipesunearthedattheLongshaneracitysiteofpingliangtai,Huaiyang,HenanProvince.(B.C.3000)DevelopmentWhatisEnvironmentalEngineering?AdrainageditchmadeofpebbleswasalsofoundatthesiteofYanguocityinLiuliriver.Itsbottomandsidewallsweremadeofpebbles,anditstopwascoveredwithwood.Thedrainageditchpassesunderthecitywall,andtherainwaterinthecityflowsintothemoatthroughthedrainageditch,andthenintotheDashiriver.ItistheearliestpebbledrainageditchexcavatedinChinaandtheoldestsewerinBeijing.(B.C.1000)DevelopmentWhatisEnvironmentalEngineering?EverytimethereisaheavyrainorrainstorminBeijing,therewillbeadragonspittingwaterlandscapeonthefoundationoftheTaihehallandotherhallsoftheForbiddenCity.Thisphenomenon,whichlookslikeauspicious,willcausecurioustouriststostopandclockinandtakephotos.IntroductionGenerationofEnvironmentalProblemsIndustrialization

Urbanization

PopulationGrowthandEconomicDevelopmentEventhoughthegrowthrateisgraduallyslowing,theworldpopulationin2050couldbe8.9billion.EachpersoncreatesacertaindemandonEarth’sresources,andthatdemandtendstoincreasewithgreateraffluence.Introduction

TheOverviewofGlobalEnvironmentalPollutions

Discussion碳中和（carbonneutrality）碳達(dá)峰（emissionpeak）--ScheduleandroadmapforChinatoachievecarbonpeakby2030andcarbonneutralizationby2060.--In2020,thenationalenergyrelatedCO2emissionswereabout11.3billiontons(includingindustrialprocessemissions),andthecorrespondingcarbonemissionsofcoal,oilandnaturalgasaccountedfor66%,16%and6%respectively.Power,steel,cement,transportationandotherkeyemissiondepartments.科技英語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)（上）詞匯：術(shù)語(yǔ)句法：長(zhǎng)難句&名詞化結(jié)構(gòu)&非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式&慣用的句型結(jié)構(gòu)&省略結(jié)構(gòu)Itseemsthat…/Itisreportedthat…/Ithasbeenprovedthat…Thefactisthat…/Thetruthisthat…/Ofrecentconcernis…Thismeansthat…/Experimentshowsthat…/Practicehasprovedthat…If…/When…Ifnecessary/Ifpossible/Whenneeded/Wherefeasible/Asnotedlater/AspreviouslymentionedTranslation

Exercise（1）Environmentalengineeringistheintegrationofsciencesandengineeringprinciplestoimprovethenaturalenvironment,toprovidehealthywater,air,andlandforhumanhabitationandforotherorganisms,andtocleanuppollutionsites.（2）Furthermore,itisconcernedwithfindingplausiblesolutionsinthefieldofpublichealth,suchaswaterbornediseases,implementinglawswhichpromoteadequatesanitationinurban,ruralandrecreationalareas.（3）Inmanycases,associetiesgrew,actionsthatwereintendedtoachievebenefitsforthosesocietieshadlonger-termimpactswhichreducedotherenvironmentalqualities.Translation

Exercise（1）DDT在為農(nóng)業(yè)做出巨大貢獻(xiàn)時(shí)，也為整個(gè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)帶來(lái)了前所未有的災(zāi)難。（2）如有可能，環(huán)境工程師會(huì)不遺余力地恢復(fù)功能受損的環(huán)境，減少對(duì)環(huán)境產(chǎn)生威脅的人類(lèi)活動(dòng)，因?yàn)闆](méi)有人比他們更了解環(huán)境的重要性。Translation

科技英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作的要求1.準(zhǔn)確（accuracy）2.簡(jiǎn)潔（brevity/conciseness）3.清楚(clarity)Writing

Writing

ExerciseSummarizethereadingmaterialwithnolessthan150words,basedontherequirementsofscientificEnglishwriting.ExpandingReading

JobProspectsofEnvironmentalEngineerDutiesPaymentReviewReadingEnvironmentalEngineeringDevelopmentTranslationWritingThankYou!ProfessionalEnglishforEnvironmentalEngineeringMainContents

IntroductiontoEnvironmentalEngineeringAirPollutionandControlWaterPollutionandControlSolidWasteandDisposalEnvironmentalImpactAssessmentEnvironmentalLaws，RegulationsandSustainableDevelopment

IntroductiontoEnvironmentalEngineering

GlobalEnvironmentalConcern

ProfessionalEnglishforEnvironmentalEngineering

ContentsTreaties,conventions,andprotocols

forthecauseofglobalenvironmentalprotection--RioDeclaration(1992)--TheConventiononBiologicalDiversity(CBD)(1992)--KyotoProtocol(1997)--TheAntarcticTreaty(1991)GlobalEnvironmentalConcern

--Ozonelayerdepletion--

Globalwarming--

LossofbiodiversityOzonelayerdepletionEffectsofOzoneLayerDepletion

EffectsonHumanandAnimalHealthEffectsonTerrestrialPlantsEffectsonAquaticEcosystemsEffectsonBio-geo-chemicalCyclesEffectsonAirQualityOzoneDepletionCounterMeasuresInternationalcooperation,agreement(MontrealProtocol)tophaseoutozonedepletingchemicalssince1974TaximposedforozonedepletingsubstancesRecycleofCFCs

andHalonsGlobalEnvironmentalConcern

GlobalAtmosphericChangesTheMontrealProtocol(1987)—aimedatcurbingpollutionfromthereleaseofchlorofluorocarbon

refrigerants

intotheatmosphere.DepletionofStratosphericOzoneLayerGlobalEnvironmentalConcern

GlobalWarmingSourcesofGreenhouseGases

Naturallyoccurringgreenhousegasesincludewatervapor,carbondioxide,methane,nitrousoxide,andozone.Humanactivities--carbondioxide,methane,nitrousoxide,hydrofluorocarbons(HFCs),perfluorocarbons(PFCs),andsulfurhexafluoride(SF6)GlobalWarming(ClimateChange)ImplicationsRiseinglobaltemperatureRiseinsealevelFoodshortagesandhungerGlobalEnvironmentalConcern

GlobalAtmosphericChangesTheKyotoProtocol(1997)—aimedtoreduceemissionsofcarbondioxideandothergreenhousegases.Atthemeeting,mostoftheindustrializednationsagreestoreduceemissionstobelow1990level,agoalachievedby2010.LossofBiodiversityBiodiversityreferstothevarietyoflifeonearth,anditsbiologicaldiversity--genesinthesespeciesandthedifferentecosystemsontheplanet.Humanactivityischangingbiodiversityandcausingmassiveextinctions.GlobalEnvironmentalConcern

LossofBiodiversityTherapidlygrowinghumanpopulation,togetherwithincreasingconsumption,isacceleratingtheconversionofforest,grasslands,andwetlandstoagricultureandurbandevelopment.TianjinBinhaiNewAreaLeft(1992)

Right(2012)BiomutationbecauseofFukushimanuclearpowerplantleaksLossofBiodiversityPollutionalsodegradeshabitats—particularlyaquaticandmarine

habitats—destroyingthespeciestheysupport.LossofBiodiversityHundredsofspeciesofmammals,reptiles,amphibians）,fish,birds,andbutterflies,aswellasinnumerableplants,areexploitedfortheircommercialvalue.Evenwhenspeciesareprotectedbylaw,theycontinuetobehunted,killed,andmarketedillegally.

DiscussionClimatechangeChangesofoneortwodegreesintheaveragetemperatureoftheplanetcancausepotentiallydangerousshiftsinclimateandweather.DrownedPolarBear科技英語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)（下）時(shí)態(tài)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過(guò)去時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般將來(lái)時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：(>1/3)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的翻譯保留源語(yǔ)被動(dòng)形式，借用漢語(yǔ)的“被”、“為”、“由”、“受到”等詞語(yǔ)譯出譯成主動(dòng)句譯成無(wú)主句—語(yǔ)氣：陳述語(yǔ)氣、祈使語(yǔ)氣和虛擬語(yǔ)氣—語(yǔ)篇特點(diǎn)：語(yǔ)言規(guī)范、語(yǔ)氣正式、陳述客觀、邏輯性強(qiáng)、高準(zhǔn)確性、信息量大、呈現(xiàn)高度專(zhuān)業(yè)化并大量使用公式、表格和圖表Translation

Exercise（1）Ingeneral,thefastertheclimatechange,thegreaterwillbetheriskofdamage.Themeansealevelisexpectedtorise9-88cmbytheyear2100,causingfloodingoflowlyingareasandotherdamages.（2）Theozonelayer,therefore,ishighlybeneficialtoplantandanimallifeonearthfilteringthedangerouspartofsunsradiationandallowingonlythebeneficialparttoreachearth.Anydisturbanceordepletionofthislayerwouldresultinanincreaseofharmfulradiationreachingtheearth’ssurfaceleadingtodangerousconsequences.Translation

Exercise（1）值得一提的是，在控制全球變暖的合作中，像中國(guó)這樣的發(fā)展中國(guó)家一直在盡自己最大的努力，擔(dān)負(fù)起自己的責(zé)任。（2）假如地球的平均溫度上升2℃，數(shù)以?xún)|計(jì)的人會(huì)流離失所。Translation

科技報(bào)告類(lèi)的書(shū)寫(xiě)--實(shí)驗(yàn)報(bào)告(experiment/labreport)1文頭（heading）2簡(jiǎn)介（introduction）3討論（discussion）4結(jié)論/建議（conclusion/recommendation）Writing

Writing

ExerciseWritealabreportwithnolessthan200words,basedontherequirementsofscientificEnglishWriting.ReviewReadingGlobalEnvironmentalConcernOzonelayerdepletionGlobalwarmingLossofbiodiversityTranslationWritingThankYou!ProfessionalEnglishforEnvironmentalEngineeringMainContents

IntroductiontoEnvironmentalEngineeringAirPollutionandControlWaterPollutionandControlSolidWasteandDisposalEnvironmentalImpactAssessmentEnvironmentalLaws，RegulationsandSustainableDevelopment

AirPollutionandControl

AirPollution,SourceandCharacteristics

ProfessionalEnglishforEnvironmentalEngineering

Primaryairpollutantsareemitteddirectlyfromsources.particulatematter(PM)sulfurdioxide(SO2)nitricoxides(NOx)hydrocarbon(HC)volatileorganiccompounds(VOCs)carbonmonoxide(CO)ammonia(NH3)Secondaryairpollutantsareproducedbythechemicalreactionsoftwoormoreprimarypollutantsorbyreactionswithnormalatmosphericconstituents.groundlevelozoneformaldehydesmogacidmistAirPollution,Source

andCharacteristics

AirpollutantsAirpollutantscompriseprimaryandsecondaryairpollutants.SpraytowerofchemicalfertilizerplantParticulatematterisamixtureofsolidparticlesandliquiddropletssuspendedintheair.Particulatematterisinterchangeablewithaerosol,whichisasuspensionofsolidorliquidparticlesinagas.Itisatwo-phasesystemconsistingofparticlesandthegasinwhichtheyaresuspended.Particulatemattercanbebothprimarypollutantsandsecondarypollutantsthataresentdirectlyintotheatmosphereintheformofwindblowndustandsoil,seasaltspray,pollen,andspores.OtherexamplesofPMaresmoke,fumes,andhaze.AirPollution,Source

andCharacteristics

AirpollutantsParticulatematterForparticulatematterwhereparticlediametersaresmallerthanxmicrometers,itisdefinedasPMx.CommonlyusedtermsarePM10andPM2.5.Sometimes,particulatematterandaerosolisexchangeable.Monodisperseaerosols,inwhichallparticleshavethesamesize,canbeproducedinlaboratoryforuseastestaerosols.Inpractice,engineersdealwithpolydisperseaerosols(i.e.suspendedparticlesareinawiderangeofsizes),andstatisticalmeasuresshouldbeusedtocharacterizeparticlesizes.AirPollution,Source

andCharacteristics

AirpollutantsParticulatematterHeavysmoghitsBeijingin2015Particulatematter(PM)AirpollutantsotherthanPMpresentprimarilyasgases.Volatileorganiccompounds(VOCs)arechemicalsthatcontaincarbonand/orhydrogenandevaporateeasily.VOCsarethemainairemissionsfromtheoilandgasindustry,aswellasindoorconsumerproductsandconstructionmaterials,suchasnewfabrics,wood,andpaints.VOCshavebeenfoundtobeamajorcontributingfactortoground-levelozone,acommonairpollutant,andaprovenpublichealthhazard.AirPollution,Source

andCharacteristics

AirpollutantsVolatileorganiccompoundsHydrocarbon(HC)Volatileorganiccompounds(VOCs)Carbonmonoxide(CO)Sulfurdioxide(SO2)andnitricoxides(NOx)aretwomajorgaseousairpollutantsgeneratedthroughcombustionprocesses.Carbonmonoxide(CO)andhydrocarbon(HC)aregeneratedfromincompletecombustionandareconvertedintoCO2throughacompletecombustionprocess.AirPollution,Source

andCharacteristics

AirpollutantsOthergasesSulfurdioxide(SO2)Nitricoxides(NOx)Acidmist→(H2SO4)→(HNO3)Secondaryairpollutantsarethoseformedthroughcomplexphysicaland/orchemicalreactions.Airpollutionisanevolvingsubjectandinevitable,asthedemandforenergyincreases.AirpollutionreallyflourishedwiththeIndustrialRevolutionandcontinuestogrowwiththehumanappetiteforcomfortandspeed.AirPollution,Source

andCharacteristics

AirpollutantsSecondaryairpollutantsSecondaryairpollutantsarethoseformedthroughcomplexphysicaland/orchemicalreactions.Airpollutionisanevolvingsubjectandinevitable,asthedemandforenergyincreases.AirpollutionreallyflourishedwiththeIndustrialRevolutionandcontinuestogrowwiththehumanappetiteforcomfortandspeed.AirPollution,Source

andCharacteristics

AirpollutantsSecondaryairpollutantsAtfirst,thestudyofairpollutionfocusedonrecurringepisodesofhighlevelsofairpollutioninareassurroundingindustrialfacilities,suchascoalburningpowerplantsandchemicalrefineries.Thesepollutionepisodeswereaccompaniedbyacutehumansicknessandtheexacerbationofchronicillness.Afterthemid-twentiethcentury,whenindustrializednations’economiesrecoveredrapidlyfromWorldWarII,manyurbanregionswithoutheavyindustrialfacilitiesalsobegantoexperiencehighlevelsofphotochemicalsmogandnitrogenoxides.AirPollution,Source

andCharacteristics

AirpollutantsHistoryofairpollutionThephotochemicalsmogincidentinLosAngeles,USA,isoneoftheworld-famouspublichazardevents,whichoccurredinLosAngeles,USAfrom1940to1960.Thetwentiethcenturymarkedthebeginningoftheunderstandingthathumanactivitywashavingdeleteriouseffectsuponthenaturalworld,includinghumanhealthandwelfare.Theseeffectsincludedincreasingpollutionofair,water,andlandbythebyproductsofindustrialactivity,andthepermanentlossofnaturalspeciesofplantsandanimalsthroughchangesinlaboratorysettings,waterusage,andhumanpredations.AirPollution,Source

andCharacteristics

AirpollutantsHistoryofairpollutionThetopicofindoorairquality(IAQ)hasbecomepopular,duetotheawarenessofasthmaandallergiestriggeredbyindoorairpollutantssuchasmold.IAQawarenessalsoincreasedwiththeinvolvementoftheUnitedStatesEnvironmentalProtectionAgency.Theenergycrisisinthe1970sresultedintighterbuildingenvelope,sealing,andinsufficientventilation.Mostexistingheating,ventilation,andairconditioning(HVAC)systemsweredesignedfortemperaturecontrolwithoutconsiderationofairpollutantaccumulations.AirPollution,Source

andCharacteristics

AirpollutantsIndoorairquality(IAQ)Recentfindingshavedemonstratedthatindoorairisoftenmorepollutedthanoutdoorairinmanydevelopedcountries,therebycausingagreaterhealthconcernascurrentlifestylesdemandmoretimeindoors.Thelatertwentiethandearlytwenty-firstcenturiessawaboominnanotechnology.Nanotechnologyhasbeentestedforairqualityremediationinsuchareasasnoncatalyticcombustionandphotocatalyticoxidationofvolatileorganiccompounds(VOCs).AirPollution,Source

andCharacteristics

AirpollutantsIndoorairquality(IAQ)Ontheotherhand,theenvironmentaleffectsofnanotechnologyarenotwellunderstood;and,concernshaverecentlybeguntoincrease.Theworldisnotreadyfornanotechnologybecause“thefutureiscomingsoonerthanitisexpected”.Theeffectofnanotechnologytoairqualityisstillwaitingforsystematicstudiestoconfirmitsenvironmentaleffects.AirPollution,Source

andCharacteristics

AirpollutantsIndoorairquality(IAQ)英語(yǔ)翻譯的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)忠實(shí)

形式的忠實(shí)與內(nèi)容的忠實(shí)通順

表達(dá)要按語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)法和習(xí)慣來(lái)選詞造句，沒(méi)有文理不通、結(jié)構(gòu)混亂、邏輯不清的現(xiàn)象規(guī)范譯文必須要符合科技英語(yǔ)的表達(dá)規(guī)范，即專(zhuān)業(yè)、規(guī)范Translation

Exercise

Thelatertwentiethandearlytwenty-firstcenturiessawaboominnanotechnology.Nanotechnologyhasbeentestedforairqualityremediationinsuchareasasnoncatalyticcombustionandphotocatalyticoxidationofvolatileorganiccompounds(VOCs).Ontheotherhand,theenvironmentaleffectsofnanotechnologyarenotwellunderstood;and,concernshaverecentlybeguntoincrease.Theworldisnotreadyfornanotechnologybecause“thefutureiscomingsoonerthanitisexpected”.Theeffectofnanotechnologytoairqualityisstillwaitingforsystematicstudiestoconfirmitsenvironmentaleffects.Scientificevidenceisneededbeforedefinitiveconclusionscanbemade.Translation

Exercise（1）值得一提的是，在控制全球變暖的合作中，像中國(guó)這樣的發(fā)展中國(guó)家一直在盡自己最大的努力，擔(dān)負(fù)起自己的責(zé)任。（2）假如地球的平均溫度上升2℃，數(shù)以?xún)|計(jì)的人會(huì)流離失所。Translation

學(xué)術(shù)論文的撰寫(xiě)（一）一、語(yǔ)言上的特點(diǎn)1.用詞規(guī)范2.表達(dá)完整、嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)二、結(jié)構(gòu)上的特點(diǎn)有固定的格式Writing

Writing

ExerciseDrawatreediagramofthestructuralcharacteristicsofoneacademicpaperpublishedinjournalofenvironmentalprotectionfield.ReviewReadingAirPollution,SourceandCharacteristicsAirpollutantHistoryofAirpollutionTranslationWritingThankYou!ProfessionalEnglishforEnvironmentalEngineeringMainContents

IntroductiontoEnvironmentalEngineeringAirPollutionandControlWaterPollutionandControlSolidWasteandDisposalEnvironmentalImpactAssessmentEnvironmentalLaws，RegulationsandSustainableDevelopment

AirPollutionandControl

AirPollutionEmissionControlDevicesforStationary

ProfessionalEnglishforEnvironmentalEngineering

StationarysourcespowerplantssteelmillssmelterscementplantsrefineriesotherindustrialprocessesContaminantsparticulatesaerosolsvaporsgasesAirPollutionEmissionControlDevicesforStationaryStationarysourcesofairpollutionemission

CommonmethodsforeliminatingorreducinggaseouspollutantsDestroyingpollutantsbythermalorcatalyticcombustionChangingpollutantstolessharmfulformsthroughchemicalreactionsCollectingpollutantsusingairpollutioncontrolsystemsbeforetheyreachtheatmosphereAirPollutionEmissionControlDevicesforStationaryAirpollutioncontroldevices

Electrostaticprecipitators(wetanddrytypes)Fabricfilters(alsocalledbaghouses)WetscrubbersCyclones(ormulticlones)AirPollutionEmissionControlDevicesforStationary

ThemostcommonlyuseddevicesforcontrollingparticulateemissionsThermaloxidizersCatalyticreactorsCarbonadsorbersAbsorptiontowersBiofiltersAirPollutionEmissionControlDevicesforStationaryCommoncontroldevicesforgaseousandvaporpollutantsScrubbingScrubbingisaphysicalprocesswherebyparticulates,vapors,andgasesarecontrolledbyeitherpassingagasstreamthroughaliquidsolutionorsprayingaliquidintoagasstream.Wateristhemostcommonlyusedabsorbentliquid.Asthegasstreamcontactstheliquid,theliquidabsorbsthepollutants,inmuchthesamewaythatraindropletswashawaystrongodorsonhotsummerdaysAirPollutionEmissionControlDevicesforStationaryAbsorption&WetScrubbingEquipment

WetScrubbingEquipment

GasabsorptionGasabsorptioniscommonlyusedtorecoverproductsortopurifygasstreamsthathavehighconcentrationsofwater-solublecompounds.Absorptionequipmentisdesignedtogetasmuchmixingbetweenthegasandliquidaspossible.Commontypesofgasabsorptionequipmentincludespraytowers,packedtowers,traytowers,andspraychambers.AirPollutionEmissionControlDevicesforStationaryAbsorption&WetScrubbingEquipment

GasabsorptionPackedtowersarebyfarthemostcommonlyusedcontrolequipmentfortheabsorptionofgaseouspollutants.However,whenusedwithheavy,particulate-ladengas,theycanbepluggedbyparticulatematter(PM).WetcollectiondevicesusedforPMcontrolincludeventuriscrubbers,bubblingscrubbers,spraytowers,andinsomeinstances,wetelectrostaticprecipitators(ESPs).AirPollutionEmissionControlDevicesforStationaryAbsorption&WetScrubbingEquipment

PackedtowersAdsorptionTheprocessofadsorptioninvolvesthemolecularattractionofgasesorvapors[usuallyvolatileorganiccompounds(VOCs)]ontothesurfaceofcertainsolids(usuallycarbon,molecularsieves,and/orcatalysts).Thisattractionmaybechemicalorphysicalinnatureandispredominantlyasurfaceeffect.AirPollutionEmissionControlDevicesforStationaryAbsorption&WetScrubbingEquipment

AdsorptionActivatedcarbon(charcoal),whichpossessesthelargeinternalsurfaceareaneededtoadsorblargequantitiesofgaseswithinitsstructure,isoftenusedtoremoveVOCsfromfluegases.AftertheactivatedcarbonissaturatedwithVOCs,itisoftentreated(byheatand/orsteam)tostripoffthecollectedVOCs.TheVOCsarethensentforfurthertreatment,andthecarbonisreusedintheadsorptionreactor.AirPollutionEmissionControlDevicesforStationaryAbsorption&WetScrubbingEquipment

AdsorptionAdsorptionisaffectedbythetemperature,flowrate,concentration,andmolecularstructureofthegas.Adsorptioniscommonlyusedforremovinggasesfromcontaminatedsoil,oilrefineries,municipalwastewatertreatmentplants,industrialpaintshops,andsteelmills.AirPollutionEmissionControlDevicesforStationaryAbsorption&WetScrubbingEquipment

AdsorptionTowerFabricFiltersorBagHousesFabricfilters,alsocommonlyreferredtoasbaghouses,areusedinmanyindustrialapplications.Theyoperateinamannersimilartoahouseholdvacuumcleaner.Dust-ladengasespassthroughfabricbagswherethedryparticulatesarecapturedonthefabricsurface.Afterenoughdusthasbuiltuponthefilters,asindicatedbyabuildupinpressureacrossthefabric,dustisperiodicallyremovedbyblowingairbackthroughthefabric,pulsingthefabricwithablastofair,orshakingthefabric.AirPollutionEmissionControlDevicesforStationaryAbsorption&WetScrubbingEquipment

FabricFiltersorBagHousesBaghousesareusedtocontrolairpollutantsfromcoal-firedpowerplants,steelmills,foundries,andotherindustrialprocesses.Fabricfilerscancollectover99.9%oftheenteringparticulates,evenfinePM.Baghousesalsoaresometimesusedaspartofamultistagegascleaningsystemwheretheyareusedasareactoraswellasaparticulateremovaldevice,suchasinsemi-dryfluegasdesulphurizationsystems.Recentlysomebaghousesarebeingequippedwithcatalyticbagswheretheyalsoactasachemicalreactorwhiletheyarecollectingparticulate.AirPollutionEmissionControlDevicesforStationaryAbsorption&WetScrubbingEquipment

CatalyticReactorsCatalyticreactors,referredtoasselectivecatalyticreduction(SCR)systems,areuseextensivelytocontrolNOx,emissionsarisingfromtheburningoffossilfuelsinindustrialprocesses.AmmoniaisinjectedandmixedwiththefluegasesupstreamoftheSCRreactor.IntheSCRreactor,ammoniaandNOx,reacttoformnitrogenandwater.Greaterthan90%NOx,removalispossiblewiththesesystems.AirPollutionEmissionControlDevicesforStationaryAbsorption&WetScrubbingEquipment

CatalyticReactorsCatalyticreactorsalsoperformthermaldestructionfunctionslikeincinerators,butatlowertemperaturesandforselectedwastegasesonly.Theyincorporatebedsofsolidcatalyticmaterialthattheunwantedgasespassthrough,typicallyforoxidationorreductionpurposes.Catalyticreactorshavetheadvantageofloweringthethermalenergyrequirements.Destructionefficienciesof99.99%arepossiblewithsignificantlyreducedenergyandoperatingcostsascomparedtoanincinerator.AirPollutionEmissionControlDevicesforStationaryAbsorption&WetScrubbingEquipment

CyclonesDust-ladengasiswhirledrapidlyinsideacollectorshapedlikeacylinder(orcyclone).Theswirlingmotioncreatescentrifugalforcesthatcausetheparticlestobethrownagainstthewallsofthecylinderanddropintoahopperbelow.Thegasleftinthemiddleofthecylinderafterthedustparticleshavebeenremovedmovesupwardandexitsthecylinder.CyclonesoperatetocollectrelativelylargesizePMfromagaseousstream,andcanoperateatelevatedtemperatures.AirPollutionEmissionControlDevicesforStationaryAbsorption&WetScrubbingEquipment

CyclonesCyclonesaretypicallyusedfortheremovalofparticles50microns(μm)orlarger.Efficienciesgreaterthan90%forparticlesizesof10μmorgreaterarepossible,andefficiencyincreasesexponentiallywithparticlediameterandwithincreasedpressuredropthroughthecyclone.Cyclonesarewidelyused;theycontrolpollutantsfromcottongins,rockcrushers,andmanyotherindustrialprocessesthatcontainrelativelylargeparticulateinthegasstream.Heavydustattheinletofthecyclonecanalsoleadtopluggingofthecyclonehopper.AirPollutionEmissionControlDevicesforStationaryAbsorption&WetScrubbingEquipment

ElectrostaticPrecipitators(ESPs)ESPsarerelativelylarge,lowvelocitydustcollectiondevicesthatremoveparticlesinmuchthesamewaythatstaticele