高一英語人教版必修二unit1grammar

UsingLanguageReadingIIAfactoranopinion18.prove(P5)v.證明，證實

prove(vt.)+從句證明…n.(pron.)

prove(link-v)+n.adj.證明是…tobe+adj.eg.Einstein’stheoryproved(tobe)correct.Wehaveprovedourcourageinbattle.我們在戰(zhàn)斗中證實了自己的勇氣。Ex.PremierZhou_______tobeunfortgettableintheheartsoftheChinesepeople.A.provedB.regardedC.thoughtD.consideredReadthepassageandfindout:1.Whatisafact?

Afactisanythingthatcanbeproved.2.Whatisanopinion?

Anopinioniswhatsomeonebelievesistrue buthasnotbeenproved.3.Whatisanevidence?

Anevidenceistrueinformationwhichmustbe factsratherthanopinions.I.Reading18.provevt.證明，證實prove+賓語從句證明…n.(pron.)sb./sth.+n./adj./不定式prove(link-v)+n.adj.證明是…顯示，說明，結(jié)果是tobe+adj.eg.Einstein’stheoryproved(tobe)correct.Wehaveprovedourcourageinbattle.我們在戰(zhàn)斗中證實了自己的勇氣。Ex.PremierZhou_______tobeunfortgettableintheheartsoftheChinesepeople.A.provedB.regardedC.thoughtD.consideredIagree______herviews.Iagree______theplan。Hiswordsdon’tagree_____hisaction.Seafooddoesn’tagree______me.Finally,thetwosidesagreed____thepriceofthehouse.He________________acapableman.Thisnovel_____________interesting.Hiswords______________right.Youneedn’t_______thetruthofthenews,whichhas____________true.It___________aterriblemistake.provedhimself(tobe)proved(tobe)provedproved(tobe)(tobe)proveproved(tobe)consider〔認(rèn)為，以為〕sb.(sth.)+adj./n.sb.(sth.)+tobe+todosb.(sth.)+as…/that-clause

consider〔考慮〕+n./doingsth.+疑問詞+todosth.consider…as….===thinkof….as…lookon(upon)….as….把…當(dāng)作take…as….regard….as….Ex.AbrahamLincolnisgenerallyconsidered_________thegreatestpresidentofAmerica.A.tobeB.asC./D.Alloftheabove.Unit1CulturalrelicsGrammar

關(guān)系代詞用法關(guān)系代詞指代在從句中的作用thatwhichwhowhomwhose(=ofwhich)人／物

主／賓主／賓主／賓賓定

人

人人／物物

Revisionas人／物主／賓Which,that的區(qū)別1._____可引導(dǎo)限制性與非限制性定語從句,_____只引導(dǎo)限制性從句.2.作介詞賓語時,不可用_____,而用_______.3.which與that都指物時,只用that的情況:A.領(lǐng)先行詞由序數(shù)詞,形容詞最高級,不定式和theonly,thevery,thelast修飾時;B.領(lǐng)先行詞是不定代詞everything,anything,nothing,something,all,much,little,few時;C.為了防止重復(fù)時;(Theysecretlybuiltupasmallfactory_____producethings______couldcausepollution.D.先行詞在句中作表語而且關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中也作表語時.(Shanghaiisnotthecity_____itusedtobe.)E.先行詞是在以who(whom)或which開頭的特殊句.F.先行詞即是人又是物.whichthatthatwhichthatthatwhich關(guān)系副詞的用法關(guān)系副詞指代在從句中的作用when(=at/in/on/duringwhich)

where(=in/atwhich)why(=forwhich)

時間時間狀語地點地點狀語原因原因狀語關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)定語從句時，既引導(dǎo)定語從句，又在定語從句中充當(dāng)狀語。從句在整個句中當(dāng)定語，所以叫定語從句；而關(guān)系詞又在從句中充當(dāng)主語，賓語，狀語等成分。

1.Lookatthegirl________issingingsobeautifully.2.Doyouknowthewoman_________ourteacheristalking?3.Jimistheboy______hatisred.4.Hegavemeapen___________heboughtlastweek.5.Maryhasreadallthebooks_________Ilenther.who/thattowhomwhosethat/whichthat/whichFillintheblankswithproperrelativepronounsoradverbs.6.Isitthereason_____youwerelate?7.October1stisthedate_____ChinacelebratesitsNationalDay.8.Wewalkedinagarden_____manytreesandflowershadbeenplanted.9.Thisistheisland_____Ilivedfortwoyears.10.2001-2005aretheyears_____Istudiedintheuniversity.whywhenwherewherewhenas引導(dǎo)定語從句，多與such和thesame連用，在從句中作主語或賓語。

1.Suchpeopleasyoudescribearerarenowadays.2.Let’sdiscussonlysuchquestionsasconcerneveryoneofus.3.Wouldyoupleasebuymethesamenovelasyouboughtforbrotheryesterday,Mum?4.Asweallknow,Johnisanhonestman.RevisionAttributiveClauses定語從句的功能？作用相當(dāng)于形容詞；提供人或事物更詳細(xì)的信息；簡化語言，防止使用兩個簡單句時重復(fù)的內(nèi)容。引導(dǎo)詞：由關(guān)系代詞which/that或關(guān)系副詞when,where,why等引導(dǎo)；也可以用介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)。位置：在所修飾的先行詞之后。ThegiftwastheAmberRoom,whichwasgiventhisnamebecauseseveraltonsofamberwereusedtomakeit.Itwasalsoatreasuredecoratedwithgoldandjewels,whichtookthecountry’sbestartistsabouttenyearstomake.In2003itwasreadyforthepeopleofStPetersburg,whentheycelebratedthe300thbirthdayoftheircity.Lookatthepartsinred.Doyouknowwhatkindofclausestheyare？Comparethefollowingpairsofsentencesandfindthedifferencesbetweenthem.Heisoneofthestudents

whohaswonascholarship.FrederickWilliamI,towhomtheAmberRoombelonged,decidednottokeepit.Shetoldmesomething

thathappenedyesterday.Shetoldmesomethinguntrue,whichmademeangry.III.Comparing限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句結(jié)構(gòu)功能形式修飾先行詞修飾先行詞或整個句子無逗號與主句分開有逗號與主句分開使用時可以用that引導(dǎo)使用時不能用that引導(dǎo)與主句語意關(guān)系緊湊，定語從句不能刪除與主句語意關(guān)系松散，定語從句可以刪除ComparingReadthepassageagainandunderlineallthesentenceswithattributiveclausesandthewordsorsentencestheymodify.1.Thisgiftwas

theAmberRoom,

whichwasgiven

thisnamebecauseseveraltonsofamberwereused

tomakeit.2.Theamber

whichwasselected

hadabeautifulyellow-browncolourlikehoney.IV.Doing3.Itwasalsoatreasuredecoratedwithgoldandjewels,whichtookthecountry’sbestartistsabouttenyears

tomake.4.However,thenextKingofPrussia,Frederick

WilliamI,towhomtheAmberRoombelonged,decidednottokeepit.5.Later,CatherineIIhadtheAmberRoommovedtoapalaceoutsideStPetersburg,whereshespenthersummers.6.

In1770theroomwascompleted

theway

she

wanted.Doing7.Thiswasatime

whenthetwocountrieswere

atwar.8.Thereisnodoubtthattheboxeswerethenputonatrainfor,whichwasatthat

timeaGermancityontheBalticSea.9.In2003itwasreadyforthepeopleofStPetersburgwhentheycelebratedthe300th

birthdayoftheircity.DoingRestrictive:2,6,7,9Non-restrictive:1,3,4,5,81.Hegavemeapen

heboughtyesterday.2.Hegavemeapen,whichheboughtyesterday.關(guān)系代詞在限制性定語從句中作賓語時可以省略。關(guān)系代詞在非限制性定語從句中作賓語不可以省略。LookatthefollowingsentencesandtellthedifferencesoftheAttributiveClauses.DoingChoosethebestanswer.1. Doyourememberthedeerfarm

wevisitedtwomonthsago? A.whyB.whenC.thatD.how2. Anyway,thatevening,______I’lltellyoumoreaboutlater,wasreallyterrible. A.whenB.whereC.thatD.whichCDV.Practising3. Johnsaidhe’dbeenworkinginthelabforanhour,______wastrue. A.that B.which C.who D.what4. Annealwaysspokehighlyofhercolleaguesinthemovie,______,ofcourse,madetheothersveryhappy. A.who B.which C.that D.what5. Chongqingisthecity______shelivedwhenshewasyoung. A.where B.which C.when D.how6. Doyouknowthereasons______hecameback? A.how B.which C.that D.why

BDPractisingBAas與which的區(qū)別as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時可放于句首，而which不可以。as通常翻譯成正如…就像…as引導(dǎo)的從句在語意上不能與主句相悖。Shewasmarriedagain,as/whichwasexpected.

Shewasmarriedagain,whichwasunexpected.定語從句和同位語從句的區(qū)別：Thefactthathepresentedwasastrongproof.(定語從句)Thefactthathehadn’tsaidanythingsurprisedme.〔同位語從句〕Thenewsthathetoldmeistrue.〔定語從句〕Thenewsthathegotafullscoreistrue.〔同位語從句〕定語從句是對前面名詞或代詞的修飾或限定；同位語從句是表示前面的具體內(nèi)容。定語從句that做賓語時可以省略，指物時可用which代替；同位語從句中，that不作成分，只起連接作用，不能省略，不能用which代替。when,where等引導(dǎo)Jointhepairsofsentencesusingrestrictiveornon-restrictiveattributiveclauses.

1.Herearethefarmers.Theydiscoveredtheundergroundcitylastmonth.

Herearethefarmerswhodiscoveredtheundergroundcitylastmonth.

2.Shegotsoangry.Idon’tknowthereason.

Idon’tknowthereasonwhyshegotsoangry.PractisingPage43.Irememberthesoldier.HetoldmenottotellanyonewhatIhadseen.

IrememberthesoldierwhotoldmenottotellanyonewhatIhadseen.4.Thesoldiersmovedtheboxestoamine.Theywantedtohidethem.

Thesoldiersmovedtheboxestoamine,wheretheywantedtohidethem.5.ShaanxiProvinceisaplacewithmanyculturalrelics.Theyarewelllookedafter.

ShaanxiProvinceisaplacewhose/whereculturalrelicsarewelllookedafter.HangzhouisafamouscityinChina.Manypeoplecometobuyteainthatcity.

HangzhouisafamouscityinChina,wheremanypeoplecometobuytea.7.TheoldmansawsomeGermanstakingaparttheAmberRoomandremovingit.Youaretalkingtoanoldman.

Theoldman,whoyouaretalkingto,sawsomeGermanstakingaparttheAmberRoomandremovingit./YouaretalkingtotheoldmanwhosawsomeGermanstakingaparttheAmberRoomandremovingit.8.Thewomanrememberedtheday.ShesawNaz