MOOC Green Chemistry-四川大學(xué) 中國大學(xué)慕課答案

MOOCGreenChemistry-四川大學(xué)中國大學(xué)慕課答案ReviewQuestion1、問題：WhatdayistheInternationalOzoneProtectionDay?選項：A、September11thB、September15thC、September16thD、July14th正確答案:【September16th】2、問題：What'stheinfluenceofNuclearWinteronclimate?選項：A、DecreasingthetemperatureoftheEarth'ssurface.B、IncreasingthetemperatureoftheEarth'ssurface.C、Noobviousinfluence.D、Notsureyet.正確答案:【DecreasingthetemperatureoftheEarth'ssurface.】ReviewQuestion1、問題：Whatarethetypicalenvironmentalproblemsinthefollowingstatements?選項：A、Globalwarming;Nuclearwinter(Winterduetonucleareffect)B、DepletionofozonelayerC、Photochemicalsmogandairpollution;AcidrainD、Increaseofheavypeople正確答案:【Globalwarming;Nuclearwinter(Winterduetonucleareffect)#Depletionofozonelayer#Photochemicalsmogandairpollution;Acidrain】1stWeek.Chapter1Homework-TypicalEnvironmentalProblemsReviewQuestion1、問題：Thegoalofgreenchemistryistoeliminatethepotentialofpollutionbeforeitoccurs.選項：A、正確B、錯誤正確答案:【正確】2、問題：Traditionalpollutiontreatmentcanprovideapermanentcure.選項：A、正確B、錯誤正確答案:【錯誤】2ndWeek.Chapter2Homework13rdWeek.Chapter2Homework2ReviewQueation1、問題：Theserenewablefeed-stocksaremostoftenassociatedwithbiologicalandplantbasedstartingmaterials,including:選項：A、AgriculturalwastesB、SawdustC、CarbondioxideD、Coal正確答案:【Agriculturalwastes#Sawdust】4thWeek.Chapter2Homework35thWeek.Chapter2Homework46thWeek.Chapter2Homework56thWeek.Chapter2-UnitTest1、問題：OneoftheresearchareainGreenChemistryistouserenewablefeedstocksforchemicalproduction.Whichcouldbeusedasfeedstocksforchemicalproductioninthefollowingresources?選項：A、KitchengarbageB、WastecookingoilC、AgriculturalwastesD、Microalgae正確答案:【Kitchengarbage#Wastecookingoil#Agriculturalwastes#Microalgae】2、問題：Thereactiontypesinvolvedinbiomassconversiontofinechemicalsandliquidfuelsinclude:選項：A、HydrolysisB、DeoxygenationC、CondensationD、Hydrogenation正確答案:【Hydrolysis#Deoxygenation#Hydrogenation】3、問題：Theenergyiswidelyusedinchemistryandchemicalindustryinthefollowingaspects:選項：A、AcceleratesthereactionratewithheatB、TheneedtocontrolreactivitythroughcoolingC、Pre-heatingofthereactionmixtureD、Separationenergyrequirement正確答案:【Acceleratesthereactionratewithheat#Theneedtocontrolreactivitythroughcooling#Pre-heatingofthereactionmixture#Separationenergyrequirement】4、問題：Whichtypicalenvironmentalproblemsinthefollowingarerelatedtochemicalindustry?選項：A、DepletionofozonelayerB、PhotochemicalsmogandhazeC、AcidrainD、Globalwarming正確答案:【Depletionofozonelayer#Photochemicalsmogandhaze#Acidrain#Globalwarming】5、問題：Severalunconventionalprocessingtechniquesthatrelyonalternativeformsandsourcesofenergyareofimportanceforprocessintensification.Thesealternativeformsandsourcesofenergyinclude:選項：A、SonicB、MicrowavesC、SolarenergyD、Photoandotherradiation正確答案:【Sonic#Microwaves#Solarenergy#Photoandotherradiation】6、問題：Insomecases,theapplicationofatomiceconomicalreactioninchemicalsynthesisisnotenoughforeliminatingtheformationofwastes.Thesecasesinclude:選項：A、ThepresenceofparallelreactionB、LowequilibriumconversionC、LowproductstereoselectivityD、Difficultyinproductseparation正確答案:【Thepresenceofparallelreaction#Lowequilibriumconversion#Lowproductstereoselectivity】7、問題：Theserenewablefeed-stocksaremostoftenassociatedwithbiologicalandplantbasedstartingmaterials,including:選項：A、AgriculturalwastesB、SawdustC、CarbondioxideD、Coal正確答案:【Agriculturalwastes#Sawdust】8、問題：Thegoalofgreenchemistryistotreattheenvironmentalpollutionsalreadygeneratedinchemicalreactions.選項：A、正確B、錯誤正確答案:【錯誤】9、問題：Theatomiceconomicalreactionisnotarequisitecondition(必要條件)foreliminatingtheformationofwastesbecausethelowequilibriumconversionandlowproductselectivityinachemicalreactionwillalsobringaboutpollutions.選項：A、正確B、錯誤正確答案:【錯誤】10、問題：Renewablefeedstocksarethesubstancesthatareeasilyregeneratedwithintimeframesthatareaccessibletothehumanlifetime,includingcarbondioxideandmethane.選項：A、正確B、錯誤正確答案:【正確】11、問題：Wecancontrolthereactionprocessevenwecannotmeasuretheparametersofchemicalreaction.選項：A、正確B、錯誤正確答案:【錯誤】12、問題：Thegoalofgreenchemistryistoeliminatethepotentialofpollutionbeforeitoccurs.選項：A、正確B、錯誤正確答案:【正確】13、問題：Oneoftheobviouseffectofcatalysistofacilitatethereactionistominimizetheactivationenergy(energycosts),andthusreducethereactiontemperature.選項：A、正確B、錯誤正確答案:【正確】14、問題：Traditionalpollutiontreatmentcanprovideapermanentcure.選項：A、正確B、錯誤正確答案:【錯誤】15、問題：Chemicalreactionwith100%atomutilizationhastwocharacteristics.Thereactantscouldbefullyutilized,andtheresourcecouldbemostpossiblyusedeconomically.Thewastecouldbeminimized.選項：A、正確B、錯誤正確答案:【正確】7thWeek.Chapter3Homework18thWeek.Chapter3Homework29thWeek.Chapter3Homework310thWeek.Chapter3Homework410thWeek.Chapter3-UnitTest1、問題：Internalconsiderationsfordesigningsaferchemicalsmeanthepreventionoftoxiceffect(預(yù)防毒性).Theygenerallyincludeapproachesusingmolecularmanipulationstoreachthefollowingpurposes.選項：A、Toavoidindirectbio-toxicityorbio-activation(生物活化)B、ToavoiddirecttoxicityC、TofacilitatetheuptakeofchemicalsbyorganismsD、Tofacilitatebio-detoxication正確答案:【Toavoidindirectbio-toxicityorbio-activation(生物活化)#Toavoiddirecttoxicity#Tofacilitatebio-detoxication】2、問題：Propertiesofchemicalsrelatedtotheirenvironmentaldistributionordispersioninclude:選項：A、Volatility(揮發(fā)性)ormeltingpointB、Persistence(持久性)orbiodegradabilityC、WatersolubilityD、Conversiontobiologicallyinactivesubstances正確答案:【Volatility(揮發(fā)性)ormeltingpoint#Persistence(持久性)orbiodegradability#Watersolubility#Conversiontobiologicallyinactivesubstances】3、問題：Thethreefundamentalrequirementsforchemicaltoxicityare選項：A、ExposureB、Bio-accumulationC、Bio-availabilityD、Intrinsictoxicity正確答案:【Exposure#Bio-availability#Intrinsictoxicity】4、問題：WecoulduseQSARequationstopredicttheaquatictoxicityofchemicalsbytransformingsomeimportantphysicochemicalpropertiesofthechemicalsintodescriptors.Theserelatedphysicochemicalpropertiesinclude:選項：A、Octanol-waterpartitioncoefficient(logP)B、WatersolubilityC、DissolutionconstantD、Relativemolecularweight正確答案:【Octanol-waterpartitioncoefficient(logP)#Watersolubility#Dissolutionconstant#Relativemolecularweight】5、問題：Toxicokineticsrefertotheinterrelationshipofthefollowingprocesses:選項：A、AbsorptionB、DistributionC、MineralizationD、Catalysis正確答案:【Absorption#Distribution】6、問題：Howtochangethepropertyofachemicalinordertoavoiditstoxicitytohumanbeingsandenvironment?選項：A、TomakeitnottopossibletoenterthebodyB、TomakeiteasilyabsorbedC、TomakeitnotpossibletoaffectthebiochemicalandphysiologicalprocesseshazardouslyD、Tomakeitpossibletoaffectthebiochemicalandphysiologicalprocesses正確答案:【Tomakeitnottopossibletoenterthebody#Tomakeitnotpossibletoaffectthebiochemicalandphysiologicalprocesseshazardously】7、問題：Whatarewronginthefollowingdescriptions?選項：A、PharmacophoreisastructuralfeaturethatthebiologicalresponseisdesiredinthecaseofdrugsB、PharmacophoreisastructuralfeaturethatthebiologicalresponseisundesiredinthecaseofdrugsC、ToxicophoreisastructuralfeaturethatthebiologicaleffectisundesiredinthecaseofcommercialchemicalsD、Toxicophoreisastructuralfeaturethatthebiologicaleffectisdesiredinthecaseofcommercialchemicalsubstances正確答案:【Pharmacophoreisastructuralfeaturethatthebiologicalresponseisundesiredinthecaseofdrugs#Toxicophoreisastructuralfeaturethatthebiologicaleffectisdesiredinthecaseofcommercialchemicalsubstances】8、問題：Theconcentrationofaparticularsubstanceinitstargetorgansisnotnecessarilythehighest.選項：A、正確B、錯誤正確答案:【正確】9、問題：Ifwewanttoreducetheabsorptionofachemicalsubstancefromthegastrointestinaltract,thelipidsolubilityshouldbedesignedatLogP5.選項：A、正確B、錯誤正確答案:【錯誤】10、問題：Electrophilicsubstances/metabolitesreactcovalentlywithnucleophilicsubstituentsofcellularmacromolecules.Thereversiblecovalentinteractionresultsinavarietyoftoxiceffects.選項：A、正確B、錯誤正確答案:【錯誤】11、問題：ChemicalswithlogP≤2exhibitlowtoxicity,becausenosufficientlywatersolubilitytoenterthecellularmembranesofaquaticorganisms,thentheyarenotbioavailable.選項：A、正確B、錯誤正確答案:【錯誤】12、問題：Internalconsiderationsfordesigningsaferchemicalsmeantopreventthetoxiceffectofchemicals.選項：A、正確B、錯誤正確答案:【正確】13、問題：Thepurposeofmetabolismisdetoxication.選項：A、正確B、錯誤正確答案:【正確】14、問題：Non-polar,lipid-solublechemicalscanpenetratethecellularmembranesmorereadily,becausecellularmembraneshaveahigherlipidcontent.選項：A、正確B、錯誤正確答案:【錯誤】15、問題：Externalconsiderationsmeantheincrementofexposureoraccessibilityofchemicals.選項：A、正確B、錯誤正確答案:【錯誤】ReviewQuestion1、問題：Whichofthemolecularfeaturescangenerallyincreaseresistancetoaerobicbiodegradation?選項：A、Halogens,especiallychlorineandfluorineB、Chainbranchingandhigh-substitutedcompoundsC、Nitro,nitroso,azo,arylaminogroupsandaliphaticether(C-O-C)bondsD、Polycyclicresiduesandheterocyclicresidues正確答案:【Halogens,especiallychlorineandfluorine#Chainbranchingandhigh-substitutedcompounds#Nitro,nitroso,azo,arylaminogroupsandaliphaticether(C-O-C)bonds#Polycyclicresiduesandheterocyclicresidues】11thWeek.Chapter4Homework1ReviewQuestion1、問題：PleasechoosetheotherphysicochemicalpropertiesrelatedtothetoxicityofchemicalstoaquaticspeciesexceptforlogP.選項：A、WatersolubilityB、MolecularsizeandweightC、IonpairandzwitterionsD、Chelation正確答案:【W(wǎng)atersolubility#Molecularsizeandweight#Ionpairandzwitterions#Chelation】2、問題：Theupdateofthechemicalswithmolecularweight≤1000Daltonswillbenegligible,becausethechemicalwillnotdiffuseacrosstherespiratorymembranes(呼吸膜)ofaquaticorganisms.選項：A、正確B、錯誤正確答案:【錯誤】12thWeekChapter4Homework213thWeekChapter4Homework313thWeekChapter4Unittest1、問題：Thefollowingmolecularfeaturesofchemicalsgenerallydoincreasetheresistancetoaerobic(需氧)biodegradation,except:選項：A、HalogensandchainbranchingB、PotentialsitesofenzymatichydrolysisC、Un-substitutedlinearalkylchainsD、Heterocyclicresidues正確答案:【Potentialsitesofenzymatichydrolysis#Un-substitutedlinearalkylchains】2、問題：Thepossibleeffectsofthesolubilityofchemicalsonbiodegradabilityareasfollows:選項：A、Bio-activationB、RateofsolubilizationC、EnzymatichydrolysisD、Microbialbioavailability正確答案:【Rateofsolubilization#Microbialbioavailability】3、問題：Whichgroupofmetalsinthefollowingshouldweavoidusingwhenwearedesigningmetalizedaciddyes(金屬化酸性染料).選項：A、Al,Cr,orCoB、Al,Cr,orZnC、Cr,Co,orZnD、Fe,Cu,orZn正確答案:【Al,Cr,orCo#Al,Cr,orZn#Cr,Co,orZn】4、問題：Biodegradabilityofchemicalsisusuallyenhancedbythefollowingmolecularfeatures:選項：A、Un-substitutedlinearalkylandphenylringsB、HeterocyclicresiduesC、OxygenintheformofhydroxylorcarboxylicgroupsD、Halogens正確答案:【Un-substitutedlinearalkylandphenylrings#Oxygenintheformofhydroxylorcarboxylicgroups】5、問題：FordelocalizedcationicdyescontainingN,thetoxicitycomparisonshouldbe:選項：A、PrimaryNSecondaryNTertiaryNB、PrimaryNSecondaryNTertiaryNC、ThemoresubstituentsonNatomthereare,themoreacutethetoxicityisD、ThemoresubstituentsonNatomthereare,thelessacutethetoxicityis正確答案:【PrimaryNSecondaryNTertiaryN#ThemoresubstituentsonNatomthereare,themoreacutethetoxicityis】6、問題：Classificationofsurfactantsincludes:選項：A、CationicsurfactantsB、AnionicsurfactantsC、NeutralsurfactantsD、Amphotericsurfactants正確答案:【Cationicsurfactants#Anionicsurfactants#Neutralsurfactants#Amphotericsurfactants】7、問題：Principlesfordesigningsaferdyechemicalstoaquaticspeciesinclude:選項：A、ThenumberofanionsshouldbelessthanthatofcationsB、Sulfonicgroup(磺酸基)isbetterthancarboxylicgroup(羧酸基)C、Molecularweightshouldbelargerthan1000DaltonsD、Todecreasethediameterofthemolecule正確答案:【Sulfonicgroup(磺酸基)isbetterthancarboxylicgroup(羧酸基)#Molecularweightshouldbelargerthan1000Daltons】8、問題：Muscarinicantagonistis(蠅覃堿拮抗劑)isasilaneanalogofneopentylcarbamate(新戊基氨基甲酸酯),theformerismorebiodegradablethanthelatter.選項：A、正確B、錯誤正確答案:【正確】9、問題：Forveryinsolublechemicals,thereplacementofagivenfunctionalgroupthatincreasessolubilitymayreducethebiodegradability.選項：A、正確B、錯誤正確答案:【錯誤】10、問題：IfOhasbeeninsertedintothestructureduringmoleculardesign,thebiodegradabilityofachemicalwillbeenhanced.選項：A、正確B、錯誤正確答案:【正確】11、問題：DDDisasilaneanalogofDDT(organochlorinepesticide有機氯殺蟲劑),theformerismorebiodegradablethanthelatter.選項：A、正確B、錯誤正確答案:【正確】12、問題：Theeventualmineralizationoforganiccompoundscanbeattributedpredominantlytothebiodegradationbyhigherorganisms.選項：A、正確B、錯誤正確答案:【錯誤】13、問題：IfwecomparethemoleculeA()withanothermoleculeB(moleculeB.選項：),themoleculeAshowshighertoxicitythantheA、正確B、錯誤正確答案:【錯誤】14、問題：Themajorityofchemicalsthataretoxictoaquaticspeciesaretoxicbyspecifictoxicity.選項：A、正確B、錯誤正確答案:【錯誤】15、問題：TheintroductionofOisparticularlyimportantforbiodegradation,becausethe1ststepofbiodegradationissomekindofoxidationreactionwhichisalmostalwaystheratelimitingstep.選項：A、正確B、錯誤正確答案:【正確】14thWeekChapter5Homework116thWeekChapter5Homework316thWeekChapter5-Unittest1、問題：Volatileorganiccompounds(VOCs)arefrequentlyusedassolventsinchemicalreactions,whichwillleadtopotentialharmfulnesstohandlersandenvironments.Fromtheviewpointsofgreenchemistry,whichinthefollowingcouldbeusedasnewsolventsinsteadofVOCsforchemicalsynthesis?選項：A、WaterB、SupercriticalCO2C、Tetrahydrofuran(THF)D、Deepeutectics(低共熔溶劑)正確答案:【W(wǎng)ater#SupercriticalCO2#Deepeutectics(低共熔溶劑)】2、問題：WecanusethefollowingsubstancestoreplacethetraditionalinorganicoxidantssuchasCrO3,KMnO4,andHNO3incleaneroxidationreactions:選項：A、H2O2B、LatticeoxygenC、N2OD、O2正確答案:【H2O2#Latticeoxygen#N2O#O2】3、問題：Theuseofcatalystsispreferredingreenchemistrybecauseofthefollowingreasons:選項：A、IncreasetheselectivityofaspecialproductB、PromotethechemicalprocessesC、ReduceenvironmentalpollutionsD、Activatenewstartingmaterials正確答案:【Increasetheselectivityofaspecialproduct#Promotethechemicalprocesses#Reduceenvironmentalpollutions#Activatenewstartingmaterials】4、問題：Consideringthefoodrequirement,thefollowingbiomassresourcescouldbeusedasthechemicalfeedstocksforproducingfinechemicalsandliquidfuels:選項：A、WoodywastesB、MicroalgaeC、WheatD、Rice正確答案:【W(wǎng)oodywastes#Microalgae】5、問題：Catalyticdistillationisakindoftechniqueofprocessintensification,whichcombinesthecatalyticreactionandproductseparationinasingledistillationcolumn.Whichequipmentortechniquesinthefollowingareincludedinprocessintensification?選項：A、MembranereactorB、StaticMixersC、MicroreactorsD、Vacuumdistillation正確答案:【Membranereactor#StaticMixers#Microreactors】6、問題：Oxidationreactionsarefrequentlyusedinpetrol-refinery(石油煉制).Tominimizethepollutionsinducedbyinorganicoxidants,so