跨文化商務交際導論 課件 Unit 1 Culture

Culture

Someimagescanhelpusunderstandculture.1.CultureislikeanicebergLikely,theicebergmodelofculture

alsoconsistsoftwoparts:thepartabovethewaterandthepartbelowthewater.

ThedoomedfateofTitanic價值觀（Values）信仰和宗教（Beliefsandreligion）規(guī)范和習慣（Normsandcustoms）社會結構和角色（Socialstructureandroles）教育體系和知識傳承（Educationsystemandknowledgetransmission）

ThepartbelowthewaterCompanycultureThebuildings,

Theoffices,Thetables,

Thecoffeebar,ThefashionstyleofacompanyThecorporateculture,Rulesanddisciplines,Therelationshipbetweencolleagues1,4,5,7,102,3,6,8,92.

CultureislikeanonionCultureisalsocomparedtoanonion,becausebotharemultilayered.Cultureislikeanonionwithfourlayers:symbols,heroes,rituals,

andvalues.Symbolsrepresentthemostsuperficiallayerandareeasytoobserve.WordsofdifferentlanguagesdressingofdiverseculturesdifferentnationalflagsThesecond“l(fā)ayeroftheonion”isheroes,referringtothekindofpeoplebeingworshiped.ColumbusConfuciusThethird“l(fā)ayeroftheonion”isrituals,referringtothesociallyessentialcollectiveactivitiesinaculture.

DragonBoatFestival

Mid-autumnFestivalSpringFestivalThe“coreoftheonion”isvalues.Valuesconsistofreligionsandotherbeliefs,suchasBuddhism,Taoism,andBenevolence(仁),Righteousness(義),Courtesy(禮),Wisdom(智),andHonesty(信)inChineseculture.ymbolitualeroalue1,73,84,62,5,93.

DefinitionsofcultureAccordingtotheOxfordEnglishDictionary,cultureis“theartsandothermanifestationsofhumanintellectualachievementregardedcollectively.”Whatelementsdoescultureinclude?Itincludeselementssuchasmusic,art,exhibition,dance,etc.WhenyoutalkaboutPicasso,Beethoven,etc.,youaretalkingaboutculture.ItisthesamewhenyouaretalkingaboutabrandoratrademarksuchasDisneylandandHuawei,whichbelongtoacertainculture.

1.Learningculturethroughproverbs不入虎穴焉得虎子守得云開見月明

Cheatsneverprosper.Cheatsneverprosper!酒香不怕巷子深Theearlybirdcatchestheworm.（勤奮Diligence）Aman’shouseishiscastle.（隱私Privacy）只要功夫深，鐵杵磨成針。（勤奮與決心Diligenceanddecisiveness）君子一言，駟馬難追。（守諾Keepingapromise）Thestorieseachculturetellstheirpeople,whetherintheformoffolktales,legends,ormyths,areallintendedtoencompassandtransmittheculturefrompersontopersonandfromgenerationtogeneration.2.LearningculturethroughstoriesChengYi(chéngyí程頤)wasaChinesephilosopherborninLuoyangduringtheSongDynasty.HeworkedwithhisolderbrotherChengHao(chénghào程灝).Onaheavysnowyday,therewasayoungmannamedYangShiwenttovisithisteacherChengYi.Hefoundhisteacherwassleepingwhenhearrivedatthehouse.Sohewaitedinthesnowbecausehedidn’twanttowakehisteacherup.Whenhisteacherfinallygotup,thesnowwasverythick.Sincethenpeopleusethisidiomtosaysomeonerespectshisteacher.程門立雪3.LearningculturethroughartTheartisanothermethodofpassingonaculture.Oneofthemostimportantfunctionsofartistocommunicate,display,andreinforceimportantculturalthemesandvalues.《清明上河圖》Culturesareconstantlychangingovertime.Someculturesaremoreopenandembracechange;otherstendtoresistit.Fourmajoraspectsaccountforthechangeofcultures:technologicalinvention,disasters,culturalcontact,andenvironmentalfactors.1.TechnologicalinventionBusinesscommunication2.DisastersDisastersincludenaturalandhumancalamities.Naturaldisastersincludeflood,earthquake,volcanoeruption,etc.Someplaguesarealsonaturaldisasters,suchasthe

Plague

ofAthens,theAntoninePlague,theBlackDeath,etc.Theplagues’impactontheancientEuropesuchaspolitics,population,war,psychology,andmedicineisconsiderable.Atthesametime,theplagueshaveahugeandfar-reachingimpactonthedevelopmentofhumansociety.TheAmericanCivilWarHumandisatersChina’sOpiumWars3.CulturalcontactCulturalcontactgiveseachcultureachancetoborrowthingsfromothercultures.4.EnvironmentalfactorsAsforenvironmentalfactors,climates,geographicallocations,andpopulationdensityarealldecidingelementsofculturechanges.echnologicalinventionisastersulturalcontactnviornmentalfactors2,61,34,85,7Inconclusion,cultureisalwayschangingbecausetechnologicalinventions,disasters,culturalcontact,andenvironmentalfactorscannotbeavoidedintheworld.Asglobalcitizens,weneedtoadapttoculturalchangesandseekopportunitiestodevelopourselves.Culturalidentityisgenerallyrelatedtonationalityandethnicity.However,somepeoplemaygetconfusedabouttheirculturalidentitywhentheygrowupinamulticulturalbackground.teachermotherdaughterwife1.CulturalidentityCulturalidentityreferstoone’ssenseofbelongingtoaparticularcultureorethnicgroup.

2.FormationofculturalidentityTheachievementofculturalidentityThesearchforculturalidentity

UnexaminedculturalidentityStage1:UnexaminedculturalidentityOne’sculturalcharacteristicsaretakenforgranted,andoneshowslittleinterestinexploringculturalissues.

(AMexicanAmerican)“Myparentstellmeaboutwheretheylived,butwhatdoIcare?I’veneverlivedthere.”(AEuropeanAmerican)“Idon’thaveaculture.I’mjustanAmerican.”Stage2:ThesearchforculturalidentityPeopleinacertainclutureexploreandquestion

theircultureinordertolearnmoreaboutit.

“Ithinkpeopleshouldknowwhatblackpeoplehadtogothroughtogettowherewearenow.”“Therearealotofnon-JapanesepeoplearoundmeanditgetsprettyconfusingtodecidewhoIam.”“MycultureisimportantandIamproudofwhatIam.Japanesepeoplehavesomuchtooffer.”Stage3:TheachievementofculturalidentityTheachievementofculturalidentityischaracterizedbytheclear,confidentacceptanceofoneselfandtheinternalizationofone’sculturalidentity.

“Itusedtobeconfusingtome,butit’sclearnow.I’mhappybeingblack.”SomeaboriginesinAustraliaalsoidentifywiththeirnativeculturesuccessfully.Themanrunningtheartclubthinksthatpeopleshouldbeproudofthemselves.Thisisasenseofbelongingtoacertainculture.UnexaminedculturalidentityThesearchforculturalidentityTheachievementofculturalidentity312TheTrumanShowCulturalidentity

isveryimportantforpeople.Itisthe

central,

dynamic,andmultifacetedcomponentofone’sself-concept.Thesequalitiesarethethreemajorcharacteristicsofculturalidentity.TTTFTBCCCaseanalysisHowtoanalyzeacase?Caseanalysisisaveryimportantteachingmethodininterculturalbusinesscommunication.Therearefivemoves:?Summary:Summarizethecasewithin100words.?Theory:Choosetheinterculturaltheoryyoumayuse.?Explanationtotheory:Explainthetheory.?Relatingtheorytocase:Applythetheorytothecaseanalysis.?Solutionorevaluation:Providesolutionstotheproblemsorevaluatethecase.

?

SummaryBecauseofthesuccessoftheDisneythemeparkinJapan,whosecultureisverydifferentfromthatoftheUnitedStates,thecompanysawnoreasontochangeittoadapttotheEuropeanculture.Butinfact,EuroDisneyinFranceprovedtobeunsuccessful,becauseitfailedtodoitsculturalhomeworkoneverythingfromFrenchbusinessnegotiatingstylestoemployeeflexibilityanddresshabitstoconsumerspendingpatternsandeatingpreferences.?TheoryTheicebergmodel:Cultureislikeaniceberg.?ExplanationtotheoryTheicebergmodelfocusesontheelementsthatmakeupculture.Someoftheseelementsarevisible,whereasothersarehardtodiscover.Thatistosay,onlyaverysmallportionoftheicebergcanbeseenabovethewater,andthelowerpartisthepowerfulfoundation.So,itisdifficulttounderstandpeoplewithdifferentculturalbackground.?RelatingtheorytocaseTheicebergmodelimpliesthatthevisiblepartsofculturearejustexpressionsofitsinvisibleparts.ThecompanymadeFrenchpeopleangry,becauseitsbehaviorreflectedtheignoranceoftheinvisiblepartsofFrenchculture,suchasusinglawyersratherthanitsexecutivestonegotiateconstructionandothercontractsforEuroDisney,whichwasasignofmistrustandbackhandrejectiono