暑假專題一語法知識(shí)回顧現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)一般過去時(shí)There be句型

年級(jí)初一學(xué)科英語版本通用版課程標(biāo)題暑假專題一——語法知識(shí)回顧——現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、一般過去時(shí)、Therebe句型編稿老師張春燕一校林卉二校黃楠審核潘亮一、學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)1.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法2.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成及句式3.一般過去時(shí)的用法4.一般過去時(shí)的句式5.Therebe句型的用法二、重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)重點(diǎn)：1.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、一般過去時(shí)的用法及句式。2.Therebe句型的用法和句式。難點(diǎn)：1.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、一般過去時(shí)的句式。2.Therebe句型的句式轉(zhuǎn)化。三、考情分析現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)是動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)命題的考查熱點(diǎn)；一般過去時(shí)是中考的必考時(shí)態(tài)；Therebe句型在中考中也有一席之地。上述語法知識(shí)在中考中常以單項(xiàng)選擇、完形填空、句型轉(zhuǎn)換、動(dòng)詞運(yùn)用等題型出現(xiàn)，所占分值在3-5分之間?！菊Z法復(fù)習(xí)】一、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)【概念】現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作?，F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)由“be+v.-ing”構(gòu)成。be為助動(dòng)詞，初學(xué)者最容易漏掉，它應(yīng)與主語的人稱和數(shù)保持一致。【用法】（1）表示說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作?！纠洹縏heyareplayingbasketballnow.現(xiàn)在他們正在打籃球。Pleasedon’tmakesomuchnoise.I'mwritingacomposition.請(qǐng)不要吵鬧。我正在寫作文。（2）以look,listen開頭的句子，提示我們動(dòng)作正進(jìn)行?！纠洹縇isten！SheissinginganEnglishsong.聽！她正在唱英語歌。Look!Theyarereadingoverthereunderthetree.看！他們?cè)谀沁叺臉涞紫驴磿＃?）表示當(dāng)前一段時(shí)間或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，且此時(shí)有thisweek,thesedays等時(shí)間狀語?！纠洹縒earemakingmodelplanesthesedays.這些天我們?cè)谧鲲w機(jī)模型。（4）描述圖片中人物的動(dòng)作，也為了表達(dá)更生動(dòng)。【例句】Lookatthepicture.Thechildrenareflyingkitesinthepark.看這幅圖，那些孩子正在公園放風(fēng)箏。（5）在口語中表示主語計(jì)劃將要做的動(dòng)作?！纠洹縏heyareleavingforNewYorktomorrow.明天他們將要?jiǎng)由砬巴~約。這類情況常與come來，go去，leave離開，depart出發(fā)，arrive到達(dá)，stay逗留，start開始等動(dòng)詞連用。所用的動(dòng)詞必須是動(dòng)作而不是狀態(tài)，主語必須是人。（6）與always等副詞連用，表示說話人的贊揚(yáng)、不滿、討厭等感情。Heisalwayscomingtoschoollate.他總是上學(xué)遲到。（不滿）【句式變化】肯定句式：主語+be（am,is,are）+現(xiàn)在分詞+其它。否定句式：主語+be（am,is,are）+not+現(xiàn)在分詞+其它。一般疑問句：Be（am,is,are）+主語+現(xiàn)在分詞+其它？特殊疑問句：疑問詞+be（am,is,are）+主語+現(xiàn)在分詞+其它？【現(xiàn)在分詞變化】（1）一般情況下在結(jié)尾加-ing。eat-eating。（2）以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的，先去掉e，再加-ing。take-taking。（3）詞尾以一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)詞，先雙寫這個(gè)輔音字母，再加-ing。swim-swimming。（4）結(jié)尾是ie的動(dòng)詞，變ie為y，再加-ing。lie-lying?！究碱}鏈接】用括號(hào)中所給動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空1.Mr.Zheng____________(read)abooknow.2.Look!TomandJohn_______________(swim).3.Listen!Someone______________(sing).4.It’seighto’clockinthemorning.Thestudents_____________(have)aclass.5._____________Helen_____________(wash)clothesnow?答案：1.isreading2.areswimming3.issinging4.arehaving5.Is;washing按要求改寫下列句子1.Theyswiminthepool.(改為現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí))They____________________________inthepool.2.Thestudentsarecleaningtheroom.(改為否定句)Thestudents___________________________theroom.3.He’splayingfootballontheplayground.(對(duì)畫線部分提問)____________________________he_____________ontheplayground?4.—AreHelenandPeterusingthecomputernow?(作否定回答)—______________,____________________________.5.Lindaoftendoesherhomeworkintheevening.(用now代替intheevening)Linda____________________________herhomeworknow.答案：1.areswimming2.aren’tcleaning3.Whatis;doing4.No,theyaren’t5.isdoing二、一般過去時(shí)【概念】1.一般過去時(shí)表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常和表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用。標(biāo)志詞：(1)yesterday(morning,evening,afternoon),thedaybeforeyesterday等。(2)lastyear(month,term,week,night)等。(3)twodaysago,amomentago(justnow),threeyearsago等。(4)in+表示過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)，如in2010等?！纠洹縏heyvisitedthefarmlastmonth.他們上個(gè)月參觀了那所農(nóng)場(chǎng)。Iwasathomeyesterdaymorning.昨天早上我在家了。Webecamegoodfriendsin2008.我們?cè)?0XX年成了好朋友。2.一般過去時(shí)也可表示過去經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。標(biāo)志詞：often,always等表示頻率的副詞?！纠洹縏omwasoftenlateforschoollastyear.湯姆去年總是上學(xué)遲到?！揪涫阶兓恳话氵^去時(shí)的句子當(dāng)中的謂語動(dòng)詞由動(dòng)詞的過去式充當(dāng)。1.肯定形式：主語+動(dòng)詞過去式+其他?！纠洹縈arywasillyesterday.瑪麗昨天生病了。Weclimbedthemountainlastweek.我們上周爬山了。2.否定形式：①主語+was/were+not+其他。②主語+didn’t+實(shí)義動(dòng)詞原形+其他?！纠洹縏heKingsweren’tathomelastweekend.金先生一家上周末沒在家。Wedidn’tgoshoppingyesterday.我們昨天沒去購物。3.一般疑問句：①Was/Were+主語+其他？②Did+主語+實(shí)義動(dòng)詞原形+其他？【例句】Wasyourbrotherbusytwodaysago?你弟弟兩天前忙嗎？DidhehelpyouwithyourEnglishlastnight?昨天晚上他輔導(dǎo)你學(xué)英語了嗎？【過去式的構(gòu)成】動(dòng)詞的過去式構(gòu)成分規(guī)則動(dòng)詞和不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞：1.規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的構(gòu)成規(guī)則：①一般直接在動(dòng)詞詞尾加-ed。look→looked②以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，在詞尾加-d。live→lived③以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，先變y為i，再加-ed。study→studied④末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié)詞，先雙寫這個(gè)輔音字母，再加-ed。stop→stopped【注意】過去式的讀音：清輔音后面讀/t/，元音、濁輔音后面讀/d/，/t/,/d/后面讀作。2.不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞無一定規(guī)則。如：am/is→was;are→were;have→had；do→did;read→read【考題鏈接】1.How________yourschooltriplastweek?A.wasB.wereC.isD.are2.—_________Lindarideahorse?—No,she_________.A.Did;didn’tB.Do;don’tC.Does;doD.Was;wasn’t答案：1.A2.A思路分析：1.根據(jù)lastweek可知用一般過去時(shí)態(tài)；主語yourschooltrip是第三人稱單數(shù)，故選A項(xiàng)。2.瀏覽題干可知，ride是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，故句首用助動(dòng)詞，排除D項(xiàng)；Linda是第三人稱單數(shù)，如是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，則用Does，排除B項(xiàng)；答語是否定的，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)則用doesn’t，故C項(xiàng)也不正確，只有A項(xiàng)合適。按要求改寫下列句子1.Iplaybasketballeveryday.(改為一般過去時(shí))I______________________yesterday.2.Thestrawberrieswereverygood.(改為一般疑問句)_________________________________verygood?3.Theyworkedinahospitallastyear.(改為否定句)They____________________inahospitallastyear.4.Wesawquitealotofcowsonthefarm.(改為一般疑問句)__________________________quitealotofcowsonthefarm?5.HewenttotheparklastSaturday.(對(duì)畫線部分提問)__________________he_________lastSaturday?答案：1.playedbasketball2.Werethestrawberries3.didn’twork4.Didyousee5.Whatdid;do三、Therebe句型【概念】Therebe...句型表示的是“某處有（存在）某人或某物”，其結(jié)構(gòu)為Therebe(is，are)+名詞+地點(diǎn)狀語。be的單復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于be后面的名詞，即主語?！纠洹縏herearefifty-twostudentsinourclass.我們班有52名學(xué)生。Thereisapencilinmypencil-box.我的文具盒里有一支鉛筆。【句式變化】1.否定句：Therebe句型否定句式的構(gòu)成和含有be動(dòng)詞的其它句型一樣，在be后加上“not”?！纠洹縏hereisanorangeinherbag.她的包里有一個(gè)桔子。→Thereisn’tanorangeinherbag.她的包里沒有桔子。2.一般疑問句：Therebe結(jié)構(gòu)的一般疑問句變化只需把be動(dòng)詞移到句首，再在句尾加上問號(hào)即可。簡(jiǎn)略肯定回答：Yes,thereis/are.簡(jiǎn)略否定回答：No,thereisn’t/aren’t.【例句】Thereissomemoneyinherhandbag.她的手提包里有一些錢。→Isthereanymoneyinherhandbag?她的手提包里有錢嗎？Yes,thereis./No,thereisn’t.是的，有。/沒有。注意：疑問句和否定句中，some改為any,something改為anything。3.特殊疑問句：(1)提問可數(shù)名詞的量時(shí)，用howmany。(2)提問不可數(shù)名詞的量時(shí)，用howmuch。(3)提問主語時(shí)，用what/who，一般看作單數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。但答語需根據(jù)實(shí)際情況來回答?！纠洹縏herearethreechairsinmyroom.→Howmanychairsarethereinyourroom?我房間里有三把椅子?！惴块g里有多少把椅子？Thereisabottleofmilkonthetable.→Howmuchmilkisthereonthetable?桌子上有一瓶牛奶?！雷由嫌卸嗌倥Ｄ?？Therearethreestudentsintheclassroom.→Howmanystudentsarethereintheclassroom?教室里有三個(gè)學(xué)生?！淌依镉卸嗌賹W(xué)生？【拓展】1.如有并列主語，be隨第一主語變，即“就近原則”。【例句】Thereisapenandtwoerasersonthedesk.課桌上有一支鋼筆和兩塊橡皮。Therearetwoerasersandapenonthedesk.課桌上有兩塊橡皮和一支鋼筆?！颈嫖觥縯herebe，have1.用法不同：therebe表示（某個(gè)時(shí)間）某地“存在”某人或某物，強(qiáng)調(diào)空間上的存在；而have表示主語“擁有”某人或某物，作賓語的某人或某物屬主語所有，強(qiáng)調(diào)所屬關(guān)系。2.結(jié)構(gòu)不同：therebe+sb./sth.+時(shí)間/地點(diǎn)(副詞或介詞短語)；sb./sth.+have+sb./sth.。3.若是部分與整體的關(guān)系，二者可以互換?！纠洹縏herearemanyapplesonthetable.桌子上有許多蘋果。Ihaveanewcar.我有一輛新車。Anhourhassixtyminutes.=Therearesixtyminutesinanhour.一小時(shí)有60分鐘?！究碱}鏈接】1.—There__________alotofmeatontheplate.Wouldyoulikesome?—Justalittle,please.A.isB.areC.amD.be2.There_____________somebooks,aballpenandaruleronthedesk.A.isB.areC.haveD.has3.There_____________aballpen,arulerandsomebooksonthedesk.A.isB.areC.haveD.has答案：1.A2.B3.A思路分析：1.根據(jù)主語alotofmeat，meat是不可數(shù)名詞，故用be的單數(shù)形式is，故選A項(xiàng)。2.本句中有幾個(gè)并列主語，但要根據(jù)第一個(gè)somebooks來確定，故選B項(xiàng)。C,D兩項(xiàng)表示所屬關(guān)系。3.本題中的第一個(gè)并列主語是aballpen，故選A項(xiàng)。按要求改寫下列句子1.TherearesomebanksonCenterStreet.(改為一般疑問句)___________________________banksonCenterStreet?2.Thereare3treesinfrontoftheclassroom.(對(duì)畫線部分提問)__________________trees__________________infrontoftheclassroom?3.—Isthereapayphonenearhere?(作肯定回答)—_________,__________________.4.Thenewpostofficeisnexttothelibrary.(對(duì)畫線部分提問)__________________thenewpostoffice?5.Ayearhas365days.(同義句)__________________365days_____ayear.答案：1.Arethereany2.Howmany;arethere3.Yes,thereis4.Whereis5.Thereare;in暑假專題二——詞匯運(yùn)用精講一、預(yù)習(xí)新知1.詞匯題的特點(diǎn)2.詞匯題中考考查重點(diǎn)3.詞匯題的考查方式4.詞匯題的解題技巧二、預(yù)習(xí)點(diǎn)撥思考問題一：你見過的詞匯題的考查方式有哪幾種？思考問題二：想一下你做此類題時(shí)有什么方法或困惑？（答題時(shí)間：40分鐘）Ⅰ.單項(xiàng)選擇1.There_____noteainthecup.A.isB.areC.hasD.be2.It’seighto’clock.Jimmy’sparents______TV.A.iswatchingB.arewatchingC.watchD.towatch3.There_____inthenextroom.A.isTomB.aresomeboysC.aretheyD.istheboy4.Mybrother_____bornin1980.Andhe_______24yearsoldnow.A.was;wasB.is;wasC.was;isD.is;is5.Thereissome______ontheplate.A.appleB.breadC.bananaD.sandwich6.—_______yougooutforawalkaftersupper?—Yes,Idid.A.DoesB.DidC.WereD.Are7.There______somepaperandapenonthedesk.A.isB.areC.haveD.has8.Look!Mary_______doing_______homework.A.is;one’sB.is;herC.are;hisD.are;her9.There________aschoolatthefootofthehill.A.haveB.standC.areD.stands10.—Aretheboyslookingattheblackboard?—Yes,they________.A.aren’tB.doC.don’tD.are11.________isthereonthetable？A.HowmanyapplesB.HowmuchbreadC.HowmuchbreadsD.Howmanyfood12.—Whatdidyoudolastweekend?—OnSaturdayafternoon,I______soccer.A.playB.playedC.playdD.plaied13.Jackis_________withJim.Theyaregood_________.A.running;friendB.running;friendsC.runing;friendsD.run;friend’s14.Don’tshout!She_______now.A.sleepingB.issleepingC.sleepsD.slept15.Myfather________illyesterday.A.isn’tB.aren’tC.wasn’tD.weren’tⅡ.用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空1.I_________(have)anexcitingpartylastweekend.2.Look!LiLei________(do)homeworkinhisbedroom.3.—_______she______(practice)herguitaryesterday?—No,she______.4._______yourfriend_______(sit)underthebigtreenow?5.—What______Tom________(do)onSaturdayevening?—He_______(watch)TVand_____(read)aninterestingbook.6.—WhereisTom?—He_______(look)forhistieupstairs.7.Theyall________(go)tothemountainsyesterdaymorning.8.She_________(notvisit)herauntlastweekend.She________(stay)athomeand_______(do)somecleaning.9.Isyourbrother__________(write)aletter?10.—When________you_________(write)thissong?—I__________(write)itlastyear.11.Myfriend,Carol,_______(study)forthemathtestand______(practice)Englishlastnight.12.—________Mr.Li_______(do)theprojectlastMondaymorning?—Yes,he_________.13.—How_______(be)Jim’slastweekend?—It_________(benot)bad.14.—________(be)yourmotherasalesassistantlastyear?—No,she__________.15.There______(be)tenapplesonthetableyesterday.Ⅲ.按要求改寫句子，每空一詞1.Theyaregoingtothezoo.(對(duì)畫線部分提問)_______________theygoing?2.Therearesometreesinfrontoftheclassroom.(改為否定句)There________________treesinfrontoftheclassroom.3.Tinapickedsomeappleslastweek.(改為一般疑問句)________Tina________________appleslastweek?4.Shewasathomeyesterday.(改為否定句)She________________athom