高考英語(yǔ)閱讀詞義猜測(cè)

猜詞悟義內(nèi)江市第二中學(xué)沈爰汐1精選2021版課件

在語(yǔ)言應(yīng)用中的“閱讀”一項(xiàng)中，要求考生能讀懂書、報(bào)、雜志中關(guān)于一般性話題的簡(jiǎn)短文段以及公告、說(shuō)明、廣告等。并能從中獲取相關(guān)信息?？忌鷳?yīng)能：

(1).理解主旨要義；

(2).理解文中具體信息；

(3).根據(jù)上下文推斷單詞和短語(yǔ)的含義；

(4).做出判斷和推理；

(5).理解文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)；

(6).理解作者的意圖、觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度。2018年高考英語(yǔ)考試大綱2精選2021版課件《考試大綱》解讀“單詞和短語(yǔ)”則意味著考查的對(duì)象可以是學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)的“熟詞”(熟詞生義)，也可以是沒(méi)有學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)的、《考試大綱》之外的“生詞”(生詞詞義)；可以是“單詞”，還可以是“短語(yǔ)”(引申意義)?！霸~義”(meanings)側(cè)重考查單詞的內(nèi)涵，而“含義”(implications)還考查單詞的外延。3精選2021版課件因此對(duì)單詞或短語(yǔ)的推測(cè)不要停留在字面上，而是要根據(jù)語(yǔ)境來(lái)判斷。結(jié)論4精選2021版課件常見(jiàn)命題形式1.TheunderlinedwordinPara…means___.Whatdoestheunderlinedword…inPara…mean?Whatdoestheunderlinedword…inPara…referto?5精選2021版課件WhichofthefollowingwordsisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedwordinPara…?Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword…inPara…?2.Theunderlinedword…inPara…canbestbereplacedby___.6精選2021版課件3.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase…inPara…mean/referto?4.Theunderlinedword“it/they/…”inthelastsentenceofPara…mean/referto___.7精選2021版課件解題方法1.利用構(gòu)詞法猜詞義<1>.合成法<2>.派生法<3>.轉(zhuǎn)化法3.利用語(yǔ)法關(guān)系猜詞義<1>.下定義<2>.定語(yǔ)從句<3>.同位語(yǔ)<4>.自問(wèn)自答<5>.舉例<6>.標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)4.利用生活常識(shí)和文化背景猜詞義5.利用上下文語(yǔ)境猜詞義2.利用邏輯關(guān)系猜詞義<1>.并列關(guān)系<2>.轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系<3>.因果關(guān)系8精選2021版課件方法1:利用構(gòu)詞法猜詞義Wordbuilding<1>.合成法Composition

合成法是指兩個(gè)或多個(gè)單詞按照一定的組合規(guī)律組合在一起，形成一個(gè)新的單詞。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，新的合成詞的意思就是各個(gè)組成詞的意思。

keyboard____bloodtest____breakthrough____ill-treat____widespread____record-holder____鍵盤記錄保持者廣泛流傳的虐待，折磨突破驗(yàn)血9精選2021版課件<2>.詞綴法/派生法Affixation/Derivation

派生法是英語(yǔ)單詞的主要構(gòu)成法，它是通過(guò)在基礎(chǔ)詞根(Root)上添加前綴(Prefix)或者后綴(Suffix)來(lái)構(gòu)造新詞。imbalance____overestimate____irregular____pain-killer____approval____止痛片

n.不平衡

n.高估

vt.批準(zhǔn)，同意

n.不規(guī)律的

adj.10精選2021版課件<3>.轉(zhuǎn)化法Conversion把一種詞性用作另一種詞性而詞形不變的方法叫做轉(zhuǎn)化法。Theauthoremptiedallhispocketstofindhisticket.Bynoonhehadbaggedthreehares.捕獲n.→vt.a.→vt.掏空Hewasaboutthesamebuildashisbrother.vt.→n.體型11精選2021版課件

(2017全國(guó)卷ⅠC篇改編)Themusiccan’tbepresentedtodaythewayitwasin1908or1958.Ithastocontinuetomove,becausethewaytheworldworksisnotthesame.n./a.→vt.今天的音樂(lè)不能以1908年或者1958年的方式表現(xiàn)出來(lái)。展現(xiàn)，表現(xiàn)，呈現(xiàn)

12精選2021版課件方法2：利用邏輯關(guān)系猜詞義LogicalRelations<1>.并列關(guān)系coordinativerelation英語(yǔ)中可以使用and,or,also,as…as…,justas,similarly,likewise等詞語(yǔ)表示相同或者相近的意思，這種表示并列的關(guān)系中，只要我們認(rèn)識(shí)其中一個(gè)單詞，就可以推測(cè)出另一個(gè)單詞的意思。Mymotherisshortandfat.Theprincipaloftheschoolisalmostasplumpasmymother,andmuchshorter.a.

豐腴的，微胖的

13精選2021版課件

(2017全國(guó)卷ⅡD篇)

…..Someplantspumpoutsmellychemicalstokeepinsectsaway.Butothersdodoubleduty.Theypumpoutperfumesdesignedtoattractdifferentinsectswhoarenaturalenemiestotheattackers.Oncetheyarrive,thetablesareturned.Theattackerwhowaslunchingnowbecomeslunch.Q:Whatdoestheauthormeanby“thetablesareturned”inPara3?()A.Theattackersgetattacked.B.Theinsectsgatherunderthetable.C.Theplantsgetreadytofightback.D.Theperfumesattractnaturalenemies.A14精選2021版課件<2>.轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系adversativerelationincontrast,onthecontrary,unlike,however,but,despite,while等詞匯常常會(huì)被用來(lái)表示前后關(guān)系的轉(zhuǎn)折，其前后表示相反的意思。同樣，我們也可以根據(jù)其中一個(gè)詞匯來(lái)推知另一個(gè)表示相反意思的詞匯。UnliketheUnitedStateswheremanydifferentnationalitiesmakeupthepopulation,Japan’spopulationisquitehomogeneous.(ofthesamenationalities)

單一民族的

15精選2021版課件AndrewisoneofthemostsuperciliousmenIknow.Hisbrother,incontrast,isquitemodest.a.

傲慢的，高傲的16精選2021版課件<3>.因果關(guān)系causalrelation英語(yǔ)中使用because,since,as,for,so,thus,therefore,asaresult等詞匯表達(dá)因果關(guān)系，因?yàn)橐蚺c果具有直接聯(lián)系，所以也可以用來(lái)猜測(cè)詞義。Tomisconsideredanautocraticadministratorbecausehemakesdecisionswithoutseekingtheopinionsofothers.a.

獨(dú)斷專行的17精選2021版課件(2016課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷ⅢC篇)…Therearealsovarietiesdevelopedtosuitspecificlocalconditions.OneoftheverybestvarietiesforeatingqualityisOrleansReinette,butyou’llneedawarm,shelteredplacewithperfectsoiltogrowit,soit’sapipedreamformostappleloverswhofallforit….Q:Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“apipedream”inPara3mean?()A.Apracticalidea.B.Avainhope.C.Abrilliantplan.D.Aselfishdesire.B18精選2021版課件方法3：利用語(yǔ)法關(guān)系猜詞義

Grammaticalrelations<1>.下定義definitionIs,mean,referto,thatis,namely,becalled等后的內(nèi)容往往是對(duì)前面進(jìn)行注解性說(shuō)明的，可以幫助猜測(cè)詞義。Doyouknowwhata“territory”is?Aterritoryisanareathatananimal,usuallythemale,claimsasitsown.n.

動(dòng)物的地盤/領(lǐng)地

19精選2021版課件Pantomimereferstoashortplayinwhichnowordsarespoken.n.

啞劇<2>.定語(yǔ)從句attributiveclauseJackisnowaflorist,whokeepsashopforsellingflowersinourdistrict.n.

花商20精選2021版課件(福建福州一中2017屆高考英語(yǔ)第二次模擬試卷A篇)…?EatingCustomsBeingearlyorontimeisviewedasbeingrude,tooeagerorevengreedyinVenezuela.Ifyouareinvitedtosomeone’shomeforameal,it’srecommendedthatyouarrive10minuteslaterthantheappointedtime.WhenhavingamealinEgypt,don’tusethesaltshaker(鹽瓶).It’sinsultingtoyourhosttospreadsaltonyourfood,whichmeansthatyoufindthemealterrible.…Q:Whatdoestheunderlinedwork“insulting”inPara3referto?()A.RespectfulB.ChallengingC.IndifferentD.OffensiveDa.冒犯的，無(wú)理的21精選2021版課件<3>.同位語(yǔ)appositive同位語(yǔ)是對(duì)其前的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行解釋說(shuō)明的，所以，同位語(yǔ)也是猜測(cè)單詞詞義的一個(gè)好辦法。構(gòu)成同位關(guān)系的兩部分之間通常用連接詞連接，有時(shí)也直接用逗號(hào)分隔開(kāi)。常用的連接詞有that,or,orother,say,thatistosay,namely,similarly等。Semantics,thestudyofthemeaningofwords,isnecessaryifyouaretospeakandreadintelligently.n.

語(yǔ)義學(xué)22精選2021版課件(2017陜西省黃陵中學(xué)高三上學(xué)期期末考試A篇)Alongweekendisagreatopportunitytodosomethingalittledifferent.Manypeopleusealongweekendforagetaway,ashorttriptoleavethestressoftheireverydaylivesbehindandexplore,learnorrelax.Q:Theunderlinedword“getaway”inthispassagemostprobablymeans____.A.anexcitingexplorationB.aninterestinglocationC.ashortvacationD.anunforgettableexperienceC23精選2021版課件<4>.自問(wèn)自答self-questioning&self-answeringWhatisplagiarism?Itisusingothers’ideasandwordswithoutclearlymentioningwheretheinformationisfrom.n.

剽竊，抄襲

24精選2021版課件<5>.舉例illustration

(2014江西卷D篇)Withthecommunicationgadgets,suchasmobilephonesandipads,peopleoftendonottaketheefforttovisitoneanotherpersonally.n.

電子產(chǎn)品某些冷僻的詞匯后會(huì)舉一個(gè)例子，使詞匯具體易懂suchas,like,forexample,forinstance等連接性詞語(yǔ)往往用來(lái)列舉說(shuō)明前面較難理解的名詞。25精選2021版課件ManyUnitedNationsemployeesarepolyglots:Mr.Simpson,forexample,speaksfivelanguagesfluently.a.

通曉多國(guó)語(yǔ)言

26精選2021版課件<6>.標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)punctuation冒號(hào)(colon)、破折號(hào)(dash)和括號(hào)(brackets)等標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)也可以表示解釋，能幫助我們猜測(cè)詞義。Newhouses,largeschools,modernfactories,morehorsesandsheep—everywherewesawsignsofprosperity.n.

繁榮27精選2021版課件方法4：利用生活常識(shí)和文化背景猜詞義

Commonsense&Culturalbackground

在閱讀有關(guān)日常生活或大家比較熟悉的事物的文章時(shí)，即使存在一些生詞，我們也可以根據(jù)生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)和常識(shí)以及文化背景來(lái)猜測(cè)單詞的意思。Whenadoctorperformsanoperationonapatient,heusuallygivesananesthetictomakehimunconscious,becausehedoesnotwanthispatienttofeelpainortoknowwhatishappeningtohim.n.麻醉藥

28精選2021版課件(2017河北省石家莊市高三第一次質(zhì)量檢測(cè)C篇)…Asyearspassed,themetalcoveringonthepipeeroded,leavingbehindaholethatthousandsofworkerantsaccidentallyslipintoeachdayastheygoabouttheirdailychores.…Q:Whatdoestheunderlinedword“eroded”inPara2mean?()A.ExpandedB.RottedC.ExplodedD.MeltedBvi.腐爛，腐蝕29精選2021版課件方法5：利用上下文語(yǔ)境猜詞義Context

在文章中，任何一個(gè)單詞都不是孤立存在的，它總要通過(guò)上下文和其他單詞有這緊密的聯(lián)系，通過(guò)這些聯(lián)系也可以猜測(cè)出單詞的意思，尤其是代詞的指代含義。(2016全國(guó)卷B篇)“Myfriendssaid:‘Nowwebelieveyourstories,’”Weltyadded.“AndIsaid:‘Nowyouknow.Thesearethepeoplethatmakemewritethem’”stories30精選2021版課件(2016課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷ⅠC篇)IamPeterHodes,avolunteerstemcellcourier.SinceMarch2012,I’vedone89trips—ofthose,51havebeenabroad.Ihave42hourstocarrystemcells(干細(xì)胞)inmylittleboxbecauseI’vegottwoicepacksandthat’showlongtheylast.Inall,fromthetimethestemcellsareharvestedfromadonor(捐獻(xiàn)者)tothetimetheycanbeimplantedinthepatient,we’vegot72hoursatmost.SoIamalwaysconsciousoftime.…Q:Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“courier”inPara1?()A.providerB.deliverymanC.collectorD.medicaldoctorB31精選2021版課件解題方法1.利用構(gòu)詞法猜詞義<1>.合成法<2>.派生法<3>.轉(zhuǎn)化法3.利用語(yǔ)法關(guān)系猜詞義<1>.下定義<2>.定語(yǔ)從句<3>.同位語(yǔ)<4>.自問(wèn)自答<5>.舉例<6>.標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)4.利用生活常識(shí)和文化背景猜詞義5.利用上下文語(yǔ)境猜詞義2.利用邏輯關(guān)系猜詞義<1>.并列關(guān)系<2>.轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系<3>.因果關(guān)系32精選2021版課件Improvement33精選2021版課件

1.(2018山東濱州月考)DaniellaWridewasbrushingherdaughter’slongbrownhairwhenshenoticedthatwitheachcomb,clumps(束)ofitwerecomingout.ThatwasJanuary1,2017,andwithin20days,seven-year-oldGianessaWride’shairandeyebrowswerecompletelygone,andherdoctorsaidtheywouldnevergrowback.Gianessabecameoneofthe6.8millionAmericanswithalopecia(禿頭癥),anautoimmunediseasethatcauseshairloss.Alopeciaisn’tpainful,butforkidswhosufferfromit,theagonycomesfromstandingoutinthecrowd.Forthemostpart,thestudentsinGianessa’sfirst-gradeclassinSalem,Utah,couldunderstandthat.Buttheoccasionaltaunt(嘲笑)of“Baldy”madeherfeellikeanoutcase…34精選2021版課件Q:Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“agony”inPara2?()A.WorryB.DelightC.PainD.Pride解析：禿頭癥本身并不令人痛苦，但是對(duì)于患病的小孩來(lái)說(shuō)，痛苦來(lái)自于在人群中很顯眼。句中的轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but表明下文描述的是“真正的痛苦”，所以“agony”的意思是“痛苦”。C轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系35精選2021版課件2.Pleasestayonpermittedpaths.Otherwiseyoumaydestroydesertplants.Packoutwhatyoupackin,soyouleavenosignsofyourvisit.Itisimportanttokeepinmindthatyouareinanationalparkwherewildlifeexists.Q:Whatdotheunderlinedwords“Packoutwhatyoupackin”probablymean?()A.keepeverythingoutofcampgroundsB.takeawayeverythingyoubringinC.carryallthenecessaryfoodD.lookafteryourpersonalbelongsB因果關(guān)系36精選2021版課件3.Thelowtestscore,theythink,willmakeitimpossibleforthemtogetintoagoodcollege.Andwithoutadegreefromaprestigiousuniversity,theyfearthatmanyoftheirlife’sdoorswillremainforeverclosed.a.有威望的，聲譽(yù)高的并列關(guān)系+因果關(guān)系37精選2021版課件4.Capacitance,ortheabilitytostoreanelectricalcharge,isoneofthemostcommoncharacteristicsofelectroniccircuits.n.

電容(貯存電荷的能力)同位語(yǔ)38精選2021版課件5.Childrenarealwaysboasting.Theysaythingslike“Mydad’scarisbiggerthanyourdad’s.”“Mymomissmarterthanyours.”and“Myfamilyhasmoremoneythanyours.”v.

自夸，吹噓舉例39精選2021版課件解題方法1.利用構(gòu)詞法猜詞義<1>.合成法<2>.派生法<3>.轉(zhuǎn)化法3.利用語(yǔ)法關(guān)系猜詞義<1>.下定義<2>.定語(yǔ)從句<3>.同位語(yǔ)<4>.自問(wèn)自答<5>.舉例<6>.標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)4.利用生活常識(shí)和文化背景猜詞義5.利用上下文語(yǔ)境猜詞義2.利用邏輯關(guān)系猜詞義<1>.并列關(guān)系<2>.轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系<3>.因果關(guān)系40精選2021版課件41精選2021版課件Homework42精選2021版課件6.Youmayborrowfromthelibraryanyperiodicals:NewsWeekly,Reader’sDigest,TheNewYorkers.n.

期刊標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)43精選2021版課件7.Fastfoodandfriedfoodsellbestamongstudents,whichhasledtoariseinobesityamongchildren.快餐和油炸食品通常會(huì)導(dǎo)致n.肥胖生活常識(shí)44精選2021版課件8.(2016課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷ⅡB篇)…..Encouragingthiskindofthinkinghasadownside.Irantheriskoflosingthosestudentswhohadadifferentstyleofthinking.Withoutfailonewoulddeclare,“ButI’mjustnotcreative.”…..B合成法我冒著失去那些有不同思維方式的學(xué)生的危險(xiǎn)，說(shuō)明鼓勵(lì)這種思維方式有不足之處。Q:Whatdoestheunderlinedwork“downside”inPara4probablymean?()A.MistakeB.DrawbackC.DifficultyD.Burden45精選2021版課件9.(2018安徽合肥市期中改編)Theonlinebookswillberenewedandenrichedgraduallyaccordingtoreaders’borrowinghabitsandpreferences.根據(jù)讀者的借閱習(xí)慣和偏好，網(wǎng)上圖書將會(huì)逐漸更新和充實(shí)。派生法+轉(zhuǎn)化法46精選2021版課件10.TheagingofthepopulationwillaffectAmericansocietyinmayways—education,medicine,andbusiness.Q:Whatdoestheunderlinedwordreferto?A.countingthenumberofyearssomeonelivesB.thenumbersofyearssomeonelivesC.becomingolderD.makin