Unit4 單元詞匯精講

SPACEEXPLORATIONobservethesentencesontheleft①Manypeoplesufferfrommentalillnessatsomepointintheir

lives.②Practisementalarithmetic（算術(shù)）whenyougooutshopping.mental

[?mentl]adj.精神的；思想的；大腦的；存在于腦中的Astronautsnotonlyhadtolearnhowtousespaceequipment,butalsohadtodoalotofmentalandphysicaltraining.拓展：mentallyadv.精神上；精神地

physicaladj.----physicallyadv.身體的；物理的

spirit:n.精神;心靈;情緒

thought:

n.思想;想法2.(P39)Firstofall，youmustbe

intelligentenoughtogetarelatedcollegedegree.intelligentadj.

有智慧的；聰明的；有智力的intelligencen.智力；才智；智慧

要點必記:intelligentsoftware/systems

ahighlyintelligentstudentapersonofhigh/lowintelligenceartificialintelligence(AI)

單句語法填空（1）Whenrobotsbecomeextremely__________（intelligence）oneday，whatwillhappentoourearth?（3）Thefirstpartoftherobot’sname，thelettersAI，areshortforartificial________________（intelligent）. intelligentintelligence同義詞:clever:adj.聰明的;靈巧的;bright:adj.聰明的;明亮的wise:adj.明智的;英明的smart:adj.聰明的;精明的

3.gravity1).Anapplefallsdownbecauseofgravity.2).Hedoesn'tthinkyourealizethegravityofthesituation.3).Hesaidthatastronautsreturningfromthezerogravityofspaceoftenhavetroublewithbalance.①n.重力;②地球引力;③嚴重性;嚴肅;莊嚴Newton'slawofgravity牛頓萬有引力定律zerogravity(太空等的)零重力狀態(tài)，失重狀態(tài)(P40)However，somescientistsweredeterminedtohelphumansrealisetheirdreamtoepxlorespace.①Wesetouttodetermineexactlywhathappenedthatnight.

②(2019·天津高考)Drivenbyheaven-knows-whatmotives,hedeterminestowriteabook.

③Hisenemiesaredeterminedtoruinhim.4.determine[d?'t??m?n]:

v.查明;確定;決定短語積累determinesth查明/決定/安排某事determineon/uponsth決定/決心做某事determinethat查明/決定做某事Itisdeterminedthat已查明/已確認......determinetodo決定/做某事bedeterminedtodo決心/決意要做某事determinationtodo做某事的決心①I____togotothecountryformysummerholidayforsometime.A.havedeterminedB.amdetermined②________________tolivehere,hecarriedallhisluggagehereyesterday.③Makecontinuedand______________effortstofindpatient0ofCOVID-19.BDetermineddetermined5.launchAftertheDragonspacecraftswerelaunchedsuccessfullymanytimes，SpaceXlaunchedanadvertisementcampaign：thenewmodelwillbelaunchedintwomonths.①（航天器等）發(fā)射②發(fā)起；發(fā)動（活動）③（新產(chǎn)品、新書等）推出；上市；發(fā)行vt./n.發(fā)射；發(fā)起；上市TheCOVID-19has

givenussuchalongholiday,A.butwestronglydesiretogotoschool.B.butwehaveastrongdesiretogotoschool.6.desiren.渴望；欲望；渴求vt.希望得到；想要desiretodo…=haveadesiretodo…渴望做某事desiresth=haveadesireforsth渴望某物desiresbtodo…=desirethatsb(should)do..渴望/希望某人做…

翻譯：我們所有人都渴望醫(yī)生和護士平安回來。Hehadastrongdesire______success.(介詞填空)for7.disappointThesedisastersmadeeveryonesadand

disappointed,butthedesiretoexploretheuniverseneverdied.①Hehadalongmemoryforpeoplewhohaddisappointedhim.②Theexperimentdisappointedtheirhopes.◆詞語積累disappointvt.使……失望disappointingadj.令人失望的disappointedadj.失望的disappointmentn.失望◆要點必記bedisappointedin/withsb.對某人失望bedisappointedat/aboutsth.對某事失望bedisappointedtodosth.對做某事感到失望toone’sdisappointment令某人失望的是 vt.使失望使落空用disappoint的正確形式或介詞填空The_______________resultmadeeveryonehere_____________.Myparentswillbedisappointed_____meifIfailtheexam.Tomy___________________,theyrefusedmyrequest.Wewerealldisappointed_____thenewsthatourpicnicwascancelledbecauseoftherain.Hewasdisappointed_____seethatshewasn’tattheparty.disappointingdisappointedindisappointmentatto(P41)Thisisbecausepeoplebelieveintheimportanceofcarryingonspaceexplorationdespitethehugerisks.carryon繼續(xù)做，堅持干=continuetodocarryonsth.carryonwithsth.carryondoingsth.◆歸納拓展carryout進行；貫徹；執(zhí)行；實施carrythrough貫穿，使渡過難關(guān)carryoff贏得；成功地對付carryaway拿走，沖走，情緒激動carryabout隨身攜帶 HaveaTry1.Igotcarried_____________andstartedshoutingatthesuperstar.2.It'softeneasiertomakeplansthanitistocarrythem__________3.Let'sstophere.We'llcarry__________theconversationtomorrow.4.Carrythebaby_____________.It'sdangeroushere.5.Shecarried_____________mostoftheprizes6.Perseverancewillcarryaman________________.7.Theelderlyalwayscarries____________aradio.awayoutonawayoffthroughabout(P41)ItorbitsEarthandhasastronautsfromdifferentcountriesonboard,providingacontinuoushumanpresenceinspace.在宇宙飛船上

在火車上在船上在飛機上黑板董事會伙食膳食◆形近詞語·broadadj.寬的；廣闊的·abroadadv.在國外；到國外atabroad在國外goabroad去國外ThissignalledonestepfurtherinChina'splantoestablishaspacestationinthefuture.

（1）vt.&vi.標(biāo)志著；標(biāo)明；發(fā)信號（2）n.信號；標(biāo)志；信號燈WhenIgivethesignal,run!.Don'tfireuntilIsignal.Hesignalledhisdiscontentbyrefusingtovote.

signalled

signaltosbforsth示意某人某事awarningsignal警告信號signal（to/forsb）todo示意某人做某事signalsth表示，示意receive/pickupasignal接收信號signal+clause表示，示意n.___________回收利用；循環(huán)使用

re-(動詞前綴)+cycle(詞根)→recyclenew

adj.新的→renewv.使更新；重新開始placev.放；置→replacevt.取代；放回movev.移動→removevt.移開；挪走

usevt.使用→reusevt.再利用

buildv.建；建造→rebuildv.重建

re-+adj.___________可再循環(huán)的；可回收利用的

recyclablerecyclingrecyclingsystem回收系統(tǒng)(教材P42)Inspace,astronautscollectalldirtywatersothatitcanberecycledforlateruse.--Inspace,astronautscollectalldirtywatersoasto

recycleitforlateruse.（教材p42）Astronauts'bonesandmusclescangetveryweakinspacedueto

thelackofgravity,sotheyneedtoexerciseeveryday,wichwillhelpthemstayhealthy.

①n.缺乏；短缺（通常用單數(shù)）②vt.沒有；缺乏（不用于被動）Hewasquitenervousbeforetheexamforlackofconfidence.Shehasthedeterminationthatherbrother

lacks.lack

（a）lackof缺少/nolackof不缺少for/becauseof/throughlackof因為缺乏……lacksth.缺乏……lack（for）nothing什么也不缺belackingin缺乏……單句語法填空

(1)Though

（lack）money，theymanagedtosendtheirsontouniversity.(2)Whenyou___________intellignce,you'readumbass.(3)Ifhefails,itwon'tbe_____________lackofeffort. 單句寫作（4）_______________

（缺乏鍛煉）canleadtohealthproblems,suchasfeelingsofdepressionandexhaustion.（5）Becausewemaybe________________(缺乏自信）inspeakingEnglishinclassorinourdailylife.lacking

for/through

Lackofexercise

lack

confidence

lack

vt.&vi.論證；爭辯；爭論

表明

Idon'twanttoarguewithyou─justdoit!Theselatestdevelopmentsargueachangeingovernmentpolicy.argueP44Somepeoplearguethat

weshouldstopwastingtimeandmoneyexploringspace.詞性的變化arguev.n.argument

爭論；辯論adj.arguable可論證的;有論據(jù)的;無把握的arguewithsb.about/oversth.與某人爭論某事arguethat...爭辯……；認為……h(huán)aveanargumentwithsb.與某人爭論/爭吵haveanargumentabout/oversth.為某事爭論/爭吵

（教材P42）Willscientistsfigureoutaway_________(store)sufficientfoodandwaterforthelongjourney?tostoresufficientadj.

足夠的；充足的sufficiencyn.足夠；充分

sufficientlyadv.足夠地；充分地◆短語識記besufficientfor對……來說是足夠的besufficienttodosth.足夠做某事①Afewbriefcommentsaresufficientforpresentsituation.②Thefoodissufficientforeverybodytoeat.③Howcanitbesufficientlytested?④Hehasaquestionofthesufficiencyoftheequipment.（教材P43）Oh,suchaswhat

facilitiesdotheyhaveinspacetosupporttheirdailylife?facilities[C]（供特定用途的）場所[C]（機器等的）特別裝置；（服務(wù)等的）特色[pl.]設(shè)施；設(shè)備facilities[U]天資，才能①ChinesecitiesofferfreeaccesstosportsfacilitiesduringLaborDayholiday.②Thehotelhasitsownpoolandfacilitiesforrelaxing③Hehasgreatfacilityinlearninglanguages.④Asyouallknow,aHydra（九頭蛇）facilitywasdestroyedyesterday.（教材P43）I'mvery

keentoknow.=beeagertokeenadj.

熱衷的；渴望的keenlyadv.強烈地；（觀察）敏銳地keennessn.渴望；熱衷◆要點必記bekeentodosth.渴望做某事bekeenon（doing）sth.熱衷于（做）某事take/haveakeeninterestin對……有興趣akeeneyeforsth.對某事物有敏銳的眼光

ashallowunderstandingof對......膚淺的理解

ashallowperson一個膚淺的人

intheshallowwater在淺水里

Wearefarfromtheshallownow只剩那淺灘，你我已遠離Intheshallowshallow在那淺水區(qū)

----AStarisBornLadyGaga/BradleyCooper

（教材P44）However,othersfeelthisisashallowviewwhichfailstorealisehowexploringspacehelpsus.（教材P43）Oh,suchaswhat

facilitiesdotheyhaveinspacetosupporttheirdailylife?patterns①模式，方式②模型，紙樣③模仿，榜樣Thepatternoffamilylifehasbeenchangingoverrecentyears.Sheboughtadresspatternandsomematerials.Thissystemsetsthepatternforotherstofollow.◆要點必記provideforsth.為……做好準(zhǔn)備provideforsb.提供生活所需providesb.withsth.把某物提供給某人providesth.for/tosb.為某人提供某物◆歸納拓展向某人提供某物offersb.sth.=offersth.tosb.supplysb.withsth.=supplysth.tosb.（教材P44）Inordertoprovideforsucharapidlyincreasingpopulation,scientistsaretryingtofindotherplanetsthatcouldonedaybeournewhome.要點必記theentrancetothecave山洞的入口theanswertothequestion問題的答案thekeytothedoor門的鑰匙thekeytosuccess成功的關(guān)鍵theapproachtotheproblem問題的解決辦法