Unit+5+Into+the+Unknown+Developing+ideas+Reading+課件【知識(shí)精講精研】高中英語外研版選擇性必修第四冊

Unit5Period4Reading新課導(dǎo)入1Workingroups.Lookatthepictureandanswerthequestions.Dofurtherresearchifnecessary.1.Whatdifferentzonesarethereintheocean?2.Whichpartsoftheoceandoyouthinkhavebeenexplored?3.Whatdoyouknowaboutthedeepestpartoftheocean?ThedifferentzonesintheoceanareSunlightZone,TwilightZone,MidnightZoneandAbyssalZone.課堂學(xué)習(xí)2Readthepassageandfindoutwhathasbeendiscoveredintheoceandepths.DIVINGDEEP1Lyingunderwatersacrosstheglobeareanestimatedthreemillionshipwrecks.AllofthemrepresentattemptsoverthecenturiestoexploreEarth’sfurthestcorners.AmongtheseistheEsmeralda,theearliestwreckfromtheageoftheEuropeanexplorationofAsia.Today,some500yearsaftertheEsmeraldasetsail,thereislittle-ifany-landonourplanetleftunexplored.WehavemoredetailedmapsoftheMoon,andevenofVenusandMars,thanwedoofEarth'sownseabed.2Givenourlimitedknowledge,itisperhapsnosurprisethatexplorationoftheoceanscontinuestoleadtodiscoveriesinvariousscientificfields.AswiththediscoveryoftheEsmeralda,manyarchaeologicalfindsaremadeinshallowwatersnearthecoast.Thesemaysometimesincludewholecitiesburiedbeneaththewaves.OnesuchfindistheancientRomancityofNeápolis,discoveredoffthecoastofTunisia.BelievedtohavebeenburiedunderwaterbyatsunamiinthefourthcenturyAD,theruinsofNeápolisarealmost2,000yearsold.Theremainingstreetsandbuildingsofferawindowintoafascinatingperiodinourhistory.However,weareonlybeginningtoovercomethechallengesofpressure,darknessandextremecoldatvastdepths.Fragmentsofthepastlyingdeepbeneaththeoceansarestillwaitingtobediscovered.3Amazingbiologicaldiscoveriesarealsobeingmade.Thedarkzonesoftheoceansmaycontainupto90percentoftheplanet’sfish.Inthesewaters,morethan200metresdeep,wherelightcannotreach,areextraordinarycreaturesthatappearasiftheyarestraightoutofsciencefiction.Imaginebone-whitecoral6,000metresbelowtheocean’ssurface,growingattherateofonlyoneortwomillimetresperyear.Someofthesecouldbe4,000yearsold.Swimmingthroughtheseblackdepthsisthebarreleye,astrangefishwitheyesthatcanlookupwardsthroughitstransparentforehead.Intheverydeepestoceantrenchesthataremorethan8,000metresbelowthesurface,thepressureisequivalentto50aeroplanesstackedoneontopofanother.Yetthereisstilllifetobefound,evenaroundthedeep-seavolcanicopenings.Thesediscoveriesallhelpusunderstandthecapacityforlifeonourplanet,eveninthemostextremecircumstances.4Furthermore,theoceansareavaluablesourceofnaturalresources,someofwhicharecompletelynewtous.MostnotableoftheseisChina’sdiscoveryofanice-likesubstanceknownas“fireice”,undertheSouthChinaSea.Inaddition,China'sunderwatervessels,suchastheJiaolongandShenhai

Yongshi,havebeenexploringwatersatdepthsofthousandsofmetres.TheJiaolongevenholdstherecordforthedeepestdivebyamannedsubmarine,at7,062metres,givingChinaitsplacealongsidetheworld'stopoceanexplorers.Theresearchconductedbythesevesselsisgivingscientistsagreaterunderstandingofhowtheseabedwasformed,aswellashelpingidentifyareasfordeep-seadrilling,takingdeep-seaexplorationintoawholenewera.5Beingatoughenvironmentofcompletedarkness,enormouspressureandintensecold,theoceandepthshavelongbeenbeyondthereachofhumanexploration.However,throughcloserinternationalscientific,economicandculturalcooperation,weareallbecomingpartofaglobalmissiontoopenupourplanet'sfinalfrontier.Humankindisenteringanewageofoceanicdiscovery,andtheworldbeneaththewavesmayonedaybealmostasfamiliartousasthelandwewalkupontoday.Readthepassageandfindoutwhathasbeendiscoveredintheoceandepths.ShipwreckssuchasthatoftheEsmeralda,ruinsofancientcitieslikeNeápolis,extraordinarydeep-seacreaturessuchasbone-whitecoralandthebarreleye,andthesubstanceknownas“fireice”havebeendiscoveredintheoceandepths.Readthepassageanddivideitintoparts,thensummarisethemainideaofeachpart.Part1IntroductionParagraph1AttemptsoverthecenturiestoexploreEarth’sfurthestcornersPart2BodyParagraphs2~4Explorationoftheoceansleadingtodiscoveriesinvariousscientific,biologicalfieldsandnaturalresourcesPart3ConclusionParagraph5Humankindisenteringanewageofoceanicdiscovery.LearningtolearnAsyouread,noticethediscoursemarkersusedinthetext,eginaddition,also,however,furthermore,aswellas.Thesemarkersfunctionlikeroadsigns,helpingyouconnectideasandunderstandthewriter’sattitudeandopinions.3Thinkaboutthestructureofthepassageandcompletethediagram.Answers:

1deepsea2Archaeological3shallowwaters4vastdepths5theruinsofNeápolis6Biological7theplanet'sfish8thecapacityforlifeonourplanet9bone-whitecoral10thebarreleye11lifetobefoundevenaroundthedeep-seavolcanicopenings12theseabed13deep-seadrilling14“fireice”15China’sunderwatervesselsThinkShare1Whydoyouthinktheauthorusesstatisticsinthepassage?2Whatotherexamplesofoceanexplorationdoyouknowof?Shareonewiththeclass.3Whatdoyouthinkdrivestheexplorationoftheoceans?4Whatcommonmessagedothetworeadingpassagesinthisunitconvey?Howdotheyeachbuilduponthisidea?1Whydoyouthinktheauthorusesstatisticsinthepassage?2Whatotherexamplesofoceanexplorationdoyouknowof?Shareonewiththeclass.3Whatdoyouthinkdrivestheexplorationoftheoceans?4Whatcommonmessagedothetworeadingpassagesinthisunitconvey?Howdotheyeachbuilduponthisidea?Theuseofstatisticsmakesthepassagemoreconvincing.Bothpassagesconveythemessagethathumanshavethedesireandmeanstoexploretheunknown.Thefirstpassagedoesthisbylookingatourfascinationwithhistory’sgreatestmysteries,whilethesecondpassagelooksatpioneeringexplorationofEarth’soceans.1.Lookatthediagrambelowandbrainstormexamplesofhowoceanexplorationaffectsyourdailylife.2Organiseyourtalkbycompletingthediagramwithyourexamples.3Giveyourtalktotheclass.4Workingroups.Giveatalkabouttheinfluencesofoceanexplorationonyourdailylife.InfluencesofoceanexplorationTradeandeconomyTransportandtravelFoodandnaturalresourcesCulturalexchangeEnvironmentandconversationNowthinkabouthowwellyoucontributedtothegroupworkandwhatyoucoulddotoimprove.Languagepoints1.Lyingunderwatersacrosstheglobeareanestimatedthreemillionshipwrecks.全球水域下大約沉睡著三百萬艘沉船殘骸。

本句為倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，句中的Lyingunderwatersacrosstheglobe放在句首表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。2.AmongtheseistheEsmeralda,theearliestwreckfromtheageoftheEuropeanexplorationofAsia.其中就包括了“埃斯梅拉達(dá)”號(hào)，它是歐洲國家探索亞洲時(shí)代留下的最早殘骸。。

本句使用了全倒裝句式。Esmeralda為主句，theearliestwreckfromtheageoftheEuropeanexplorationofAsia作主語的同位語。3.Today,some500yearsaftertheEsmeralda

setsail,thereislittle-ifany-landonourplanetleftunexplored.如今，距離“埃斯梅拉達(dá)”號(hào)起航已有500多年，我們星球上尚未被人類探索的土地已經(jīng)少之又少了。(1)setsail起航e.g.Thewindwastoostrongfortheshiptosetsailontime.風(fēng)太大，船無法準(zhǔn)時(shí)起航。(2)本句中ifany為一種省略形式，補(bǔ)充完整是ifthereisany表示“如果有的話”。某些句式經(jīng)過長期發(fā)展已成為固定搭配：

ifpossible如果可能的話

ifonly

要是……就好了

ifever如果有過的話

ifnot

如果不的話

Whatif...?如果……怎么辦？

Whynot?

為什么不呢？

Whatfor?為什么？

when/wherenecessary必要的時(shí)候/地方4.WehavemoredetailedmapsoftheMoon,andevenofVenusandMars,thanwedoofEarth'sownseabed.然而，我們手中關(guān)于地球自身海底的地圖，甚至比不上關(guān)于月球乃至金星、火星的天體圖詳盡。

本句中than引導(dǎo)比較狀語從句，其中do代替實(shí)意動(dòng)詞have，從而以避免和主句的謂語動(dòng)詞have重復(fù)。5.Givenourlimitedknowledge,itisperhapsnosurprisethatexplorationoftheoceanscontinuestoleadtodiscoveriesinvariousscientificfields.

基于我們有限的認(rèn)知，探索海洋可以帶來許多科學(xué)領(lǐng)域的新發(fā)現(xiàn)，這也許就顯得不足為奇了。(1)本句中的Given表示“考慮到”的意思。

(2)it為形式主語，真正的主語為thatexplorationoftheoceanscontinuestoleadtodiscoveriesinvariousscientificfields。為了避免句子頭重腳輕，故用it作形式主語，這種用法在英語中很常見。6.Inthesewaters,morethan200metresdeep,wherelightcannotreach,areextraordinarycreaturesthatappearasiftheyarestraightoutofsciencefiction.在200多米以下、陽光照不到的深水水域里，住著一些看起來就像是剛從科幻小說中走出來的奇異的生物。

本句為一個(gè)復(fù)合句，其中包含了兩個(gè)定語從句，分別是：非限制性定語從句wherelightcannotreach，修飾先行詞waters；限制性定語從句thatappearasiftheyarestraight

outofsciencefiction，修飾先行詞creatures，asif引導(dǎo)了表語從句。7.Swimmingthroughtheseblackdepthsisthebarreleye,astrangefishwitheyesthatcanlookupwardsthroughitstransparentforehead.

漆黑的深海里管眼魚游來游去，這是種奇特的魚，其眼睛可以透過透明的前額向上看。

分詞短語引導(dǎo)完全倒裝句；that引導(dǎo)定語從句。8.Intheverydeepestoceantrenchesthataremorethan8,000metresbelowthesurface,thepressureisequivalentto50aeroplanesstackedoneontopofanother.

在海平面以下8,000多米處最深的海溝里，壓強(qiáng)相當(dāng)于50架飛機(jī)堆疊在一起。

(1)that引導(dǎo)定語從句；

(2)equivalentadj.相等的，相同的

n.相等的東西；等量；對應(yīng)詞beequivalentto等于……；相當(dāng)于……（to是介詞）e.g.Eightkilometresisroughlyequivalenttofivemiles.八公里約等于五英里。

(3)stackv.（使）放成整齊的一疊（或一摞、一堆）

n.一疊，一摞，一堆e.g.Theywerebusystackingtheshelveswithgoods.他們正忙著擺貨物上架呢。I’vegotstacksofworktodo.

我有一大堆活兒要做。9.TheJiaolongevenholdstherecordforthedeepestdivebyamannedsubmarine,at7,062metres,givingChinaitsplacealongsidetheworld'stopoceanexplorers.

“蛟龍”號(hào)甚至創(chuàng)造了載人潛艦的最深