Unit+4+Stage+and+screen+Using+language+課件-【知識精講精研】高中英語外研版（2019）必修第二冊

Unit4StageandscreenUsinglanguageVocabulary1.gratefulgratituden.感激之情,感謝begratefultosb.forsth.因某事而感激某人begratefultodosth.因做某事而感激begratefulthat...感激……Iwouldbegratefulifyoucould/would...=Iwouldappreciateitifyoucould/would...如果你能……我將不勝感激。(用于提出請求)練習：Shewasextremelygrateful_____Tom_____hissupport.toforVocabulary2.extremelyextremelycold/dangerous極其寒冷的危險的extremelyuseful非常有用;極有用的extremelyhigh非常高的extremelyanxious急不可待extremelypainful極度疼痛/痛苦的extremelydifficult極其困難的練習：Thiscakeis________(extreme)deliciousandyouhavetotellmeallaboutit.extremelyVocabulary3.giveupgiveupsmoking戒煙giveupone'sjob放棄工作giveupeasily輕易放棄giveupdoingsth.放棄做某事giveoneself/sb.upto自首;投案;投降練習：Idon'tseeanyreasontogive_____work.upVocabulary4.overcomeovercomethefear克服恐懼overcomedifficulties/badhabits改掉困難/克服惡習overcomedisadvantages克服不利條件overcomeobstacles克服障礙overcometheenemy戰(zhàn)勝敵軍beovercomewithemotion/excitement/horror/grief因情感/興奮/恐怖/悲傷而不能自持練習：Shehasthedetermination__________(overcome)allthedifficulties.toovercomeVocabulary5.absolutelyabsoluteadj.絕對的;完全的absolutelyimpossible絕對不可能absolutelyright完全正確absolutelynecessary絕對必要haveabsolutelynoexperience完全沒有經(jīng)驗Absolutely!(口)正是!當然!Absolutelynot!(口)絕對不行!當然不!練習：Somemarriageshave__________forlackofmoney.absolutelyVocabulary6.ruderudelyadv.無禮地，粗暴地rudenessn.粗魯;無禮berudetosb.對某人粗魯/無禮berudeaboutsth.對某事加以指責It'srudetodosth.做某事是無禮的appear/soundrude顯得/聽起來粗魯beinarudemanner舉止粗魯rudebehaviour/replies/words粗的舉止/答復/言語練習：Ifsomeonesitsrightnexttomeinanemptymovietheater,isitrude________(move)?tomoveVocabulary7.transporttransportationn.交通;運輸ameans/formoftransport交通方式haveone’sowntransport有自己的交通工具travelon/bypublictransport乘坐公共交通工具出行air/rail/roadtransport空中/鐵路/公路運輸thegovernment'stransportpolicy政府的交通運輸政策transport...(from...)to...把……(從……)運往……練習：Freshproduceinthisregion____________(transport)tothesupermarket.istransportedVocabulary8.arrangementarrangev.安排;排列;整理arrangementfor...對……的安排make/adjust/acceptanarrangement做/調(diào)整/接受安排makearrangements/anarrangementfor..為……做安排練習：Iamlookingforwardtobeingtoldaboutyour__________(arrange)ofvacation.arrangementsLeadinginWhatdoyouknowabout-ingasadverbial?DESIGNEDBYIBOTUUsinglanguageDiscussingroupsandcompleteActivity1inpage41.Lookatthesentencesfromthereadingpassageandanswerthequestions.Suggestedanswers:1.Sentence(a):“I”.Sentence(b):“I”.2.It'susedmoreofteninwrittenEnglish.DESIGNEDBYIBOTUUsinglanguageComparethemwiththefollowingsentencesandanswerthequestions.Suggestedanswers:3.Thefirstgroupusespresentparticiplesasadverbialwhilethesecondgroupusesadverbialclauses.4.Thesentencesfromthereadingpassagearemoreconciseandformal.DESIGNEDBYIBOTUUsinglanguageFillintheblanks.1.Inbodylanguage,therearecertainbodymovements________(indicate)differentemotionsorresponses.2.___________(transform)asmallstageintothewholeuniversetosomeextent,PekingOperaappealstofansfrommanywalksoflife.3.________(behave)extremelywellinthecomedy,hedefinitelymadeusontheedgeofourseats.4.________(see)quiteafewproductionsofHamletandreadtheplaymanytimes,Iwasfullofconfidence.indicatingTransformingBehavingHavingseenDESIGNEDBYIBOTUUsinglanguage5.________(differ)fromeachotherinmeaning,pronunciationandspelling,theseswords:female,family,familiarandfamineshouldn'tbeconfused.6.________(be)anenergeticsupporterofthemovement,thepoethaswrittenmuchpoetryaboutworldpeace.7.Thepoetrywasaddedtomanyplotsandemotions,whichwoulddefinitelymakeitmore________(appeal).DifferingBeingappealingUsinglanguage一、現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語（一）概述動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞在形式上現(xiàn)在分詞跟動名詞一樣,也是由“動詞+-ing形式”構(gòu)成。其語法作用,除了構(gòu)成進行時態(tài)之外,在句中還可以作定語、表語、補足語和各種狀語?，F(xiàn)在分詞無人稱和數(shù)的變化,不能單獨作句子的謂語，但它具備了動詞的基本特征,可以有自己的賓語和狀語,有時態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化。Usinglanguage現(xiàn)在分詞有一般式、完成式兩種時態(tài)形式，以及主動被動兩種語態(tài)形式。它的各種形式如下表所示(以動詞do為例):時態(tài)形式主動式被動式一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone否定形式在doing之前加notUsinglanguage1.一般式表示與謂語動作同時發(fā)生Agroupofstudentswalkedalongthestreet,shoutingandlaughing.一群學生沿街走著,喊著笑著。will和would除了用作助動詞構(gòu)成將來時態(tài)外,還可用作情態(tài)動詞,表示情態(tài)意義。2.一般式表示與謂語動作同時發(fā)生Havinglivedtherefor3years,sheknowsthewayverywell.由于在那里住了3年,她對那里的路非常熟悉。Havingbeenillforthreemonths,shefelthewascutofffromtheworld.由于病了三個月,她感覺被與世隔絕了。3.現(xiàn)在分詞的被動式Thequestionbeingdiscussedisofgreatimportance.正在討論的那個問題很重要。Havingbeencriticizedbytheteacher,shegaveupsmoking.由于受到了老師的批評,她戒煙了。Usinglanguage（二）基本用法現(xiàn)在分詞(短語),在句中可作時間狀語、原因狀語、結(jié)果狀語、伴隨或方式狀語、條件狀語、讓步狀語、評論性狀語等。在一個復合句中，當主句的主語跟從句的主語完全一致時,為了表達簡練,我們可以把從句轉(zhuǎn)換為分詞短語形式，用來代替原來的從句。反過來,分詞短語作狀語，又可以轉(zhuǎn)換成相應(yīng)的狀語從句或并列句。Usinglanguage1.作時間狀語現(xiàn)在分詞作時間狀語,相當于when,while,after等引導的時間狀語從句。一般式表示動作與謂語動詞同時或相繼發(fā)生。完成式表示動作先于謂語動詞發(fā)生。Hearingtheexcitingnews,wejumpedwithjoy.聽到這個令人振奮的消息時,我們高興地跳了起來。Havingfinishedthehousework,shegotreadytogoshopping做完家務(wù)活之后，她準備去購物。Havingcompletedhishomework,Tomwentouttoplayforawhile.完成家庭作業(yè)之后，湯姆出去玩了一會兒。Usinglanguage2.作原因狀語現(xiàn)在分詞作原因狀語,相當于because,since,as等引導的原因狀語從句。原因通常早于結(jié)果,故現(xiàn)在分詞多用完成式，但對于靜態(tài)動詞，如感知、認知動詞know,see,realise,find,think等以及be動詞多用一般式。Havingsmokedtoomuch,hehassufferedfromlungcancer.由于抽煙太多,他患了肺癌。Nothavingreceivedananswer,hedecidedtowriteanotherletter.因沒有收到回信,他決定再寫一封。Livingfarfromthecompany,Josiehastogetupearlyeverymorning.由于住得離公司遠,喬茜每天早晨只好早起。Notknowingheraddressorphonenumber,wecouldn'tgetintouchwithher.由于不知道她的地址和電話號碼,我們無法與她取得聯(lián)系。Usinglanguage3.作結(jié)果狀語現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語，一般位于旬末。前文表示原因現(xiàn)在分詞表示造成的必然結(jié)果。Thefirelastednearlytwodays,leavingnothingvaluable.大火持續(xù)了將近兩天,沒剩下有價值的東西。Mygrandpafelloffthebike,breakinghisrightarmandleg.我爺爺從自行車上掉下來,摔斷了右胳膊和右腿。Ithasrainedforovertendays,causingtherivertorise.下了十多天雨,致使河水上漲。Hiswifediedin1962,leavinghimwiththreechildren.他妻子于1962年去世,留給了他三個孩子。Usinglanguage友情提示：(1)現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語時,現(xiàn)在分詞之前可加thus,表示強調(diào)。Thebuswasheldupbythesnowstorm,thuscausingthedelay.公共汽車受大風雪所阻,因而耽擱了。(2)現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語，相當于so引導的并列句,或sothat引導的結(jié)果狀語從句。Hedidn'tpasstheexam,makinghisparentsquitedisappointed.=Hedidn'tpasstheexam,so(that)itmadehisparentsquitedisappointed.Usinglanguage4.現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語可位于句首或句末,表示與謂語動詞同時發(fā)生的動作。現(xiàn)在分詞是謂語動詞的陪襯動作。Theprofessorputafingerinhismouth,tasteditandsmiledlookingratherpleased.教授把一個手指放進嘴里，嘗了嘗笑了，看起來很高興。“Don'tyouknowI'moneofyou?”askedthebat,showinghisteeth.“難道你們不知道我是你們的成員之一嗎?”蝙蝠露出牙齒問。Iwasinthekitchencookingsomething.我在廚房煮東西。Usinglanguage友情提示：現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語,往往帶有目的性，即目的和伴隨兼而有之。多放于句末，且與句子用逗號隔開。Shewaitedimpatiently,expectinghecouldcomeearlier.她不耐煩地等待著,希望他能早點來。Manyyoungfarmershuntedaroundfromcitytocity,hopingtogetgoodjobs.許多年輕的農(nóng)民輾轉(zhuǎn)于各個城市,希望能找到好工作。Thesecretaryworkedlateintonight,preparingareportforthemanager.秘書工作到深夜,為經(jīng)理準備一份報告。Shekeptitasecret,tryingnottoloseherjob.她對此保守秘密,盡量不丟掉工作。Usinglanguage5.作方式狀語Usingastick,MaLiangdrewahorseonthegroundintenminutes.馬良用一根枝條十分鐘之內(nèi)就在地上畫了一匹馬。Holdinghisheadhigh,theherowalkedpasttheenemies.那位英雄高昂著頭從敵人身邊走過。ThevisitorfromJapancomesinsmiling.來自日本的客人笑著進來了。Shemustbeabletousetheforeignlanguage,forgettingallaboutherown.她一定要做到使用外語時，忘掉本族語。Usinglanguage友情提示：現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨或方式狀語時，一般不能轉(zhuǎn)化為狀語從句，但可以轉(zhuǎn)化成并列句。Mywifewasseatedinthesofa,readingamagazine.=Mywifewasseatedinthesofaandreadingamagazine.Theboycamein,followinghisfather.=Theboyfollowedhisfatherandcamein.Usinglanguage6.作條件狀語現(xiàn)在分詞作條件狀語,相當于f等引導的條件狀語從句。通常使用一般式,位于句首。Goingstraightdowntheroad,youwillfindthehospital.沿著這條路一直走，你就會找到那家醫(yī)院。Workinghardatyourlessons,youaretosucceed.如果你努力學習,你就一定會成功的。Usinglanguage7.作讓步狀語現(xiàn)在分詞作讓步狀語,相當于though/although,evenif/eventhough等引導的讓步狀語從句,此用法相對少見。Havingfailedmanytimes,Istillhavefaithinmyfuture.=ThoughIhavefailedmanytimes,Istillhavefaithinmyfuture.盡管失敗多次,我仍然對未來充滿信心。Admittingthathehasmadesomeprogress,Istilldon'tthinkhehastriedhisbest.我承認他取得了一些進步,但我仍然認為他沒有盡最大努力。Usinglanguage8.作程度狀語在一些習慣用法中,現(xiàn)在分詞可以作程度狀語,意為“很,非常,極度”,相當于程度副詞very,extremely等。Iwasboilinghotandsweaty.我渾身滾燙，大汗淋漓。It'sfreezingcoldtodayforOctober.相對于十月份來說,今天天氣太冷了。Itwasburninghotyesterday.昨天非常炎熱。Lannyisanamazingbeautifulgirl.蘭妮是一個非常漂亮的姑娘。Usinglanguage9.作評注性狀語有些慣用的分詞短語在句中可以獨立存在,它們往往作為句子的獨立成分來修飾全句,表明說話者的態(tài)度、觀點、評價等,我們稱這種狀語為評注性狀語。Generallyspeaking,girlsaremoreinterestedinliteraturethanboys.一般說來,女孩比男孩更喜歡文學。Judgingbyhisactions,heisratherselfish.從他的所作所為可以看出他比較自私。Usinglanguage（三）注意事項1.現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時，可以根據(jù)意義在其前加上相應(yīng)的連同，如when,while,once,though,although,aslongas,if,asif,asthough,evenif,eventhough等,讓狀語的含義更加明確。有時這類結(jié)構(gòu)也可視作狀語從句的省略。Whilereadinganewspaper,Iheardthedoorbellring.看報紙時我聽見門鈴響過。Whencrossingthestreet,dobecareful.過馬路時務(wù)必要小心。Oncelosingthischance,youcan'teasilyfinditback.一旦失去這次機會，你就很難找回。ShepausedasifexpectingMarytospeak.她停了停，仿佛在期待瑪麗說話。Usinglanguage2.有少數(shù)現(xiàn)在分詞(短語)，其邏輯主語并不是子的主語，而是說話者的行為。用來表明說話者的態(tài)度、觀點、評價等，稱為分詞的獨立成分，語法上叫作“懸垂分詞”,多為“評注性狀語”。常見的有:generallyspeaking一般說來personallyspeaking就我個人而言franklyspeaking坦白地說honestlyspeaking誠實地說strictlyspeaking嚴格地說judgingfrom/by...由……判斷talkingof/about...談到……considering...考慮到……oconsideration考慮到……Usinglanguage3.分詞作狀語時，其邏輯主語要與句子的主語一致。否則，分詞應(yīng)有自己的邏輯主語,構(gòu)成“獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)”簡言之，獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)是自帶主語的分詞短語。Theclockstrikingtwelve,Iwenttobed.鐘表敲了十二點,我就上床睡覺了。Shelayagainstthewall,thesunshininguponherface.她靠墻躺著,陽光照在她的臉上。Usinglanguage練習：用所給動詞的正確形式完成句子1.Shecalledateverydoor,__________

peopletheexcitingnews.(tell)2.Jackwasalazyboy.Ioftencaughthim__________inclass.

(sleep)3.

Hiswordsleftme__________

whathewasdrivingat.

(wonder)4.__________totheleft,youwillseethepostoffice.(turn)5.__________thekey,theboycouldn'tenterhishouse.(lose)telling

sleeping

wondering

Turning

Havinglost

Usinglanguage練習：用所給動詞的正確形式完成句子6.Generally__________,if__________accordingtothedirections,thedrughasnosideeffect.(speak,take)7.WhenIwaslittle,mymotherusedtositbymybed,__________mestoriestillIfellasleep.(tell)8.__________thecourseverydifficult,shedecidedtomovetoalowerlevel.(find)9.___________toreachthemontheph