七劍合一沐綜合寫作

（1（1）constructwallsinGreat（2）electricalchargeddevicetoeliminateAsian.（3）教授說這種做法總來試過，unpredictableanddangerous.ThereadingpassageintroducesthreemethodstopreventtheAsiancarpfromenteringtheGreatLakesarea.However,thelecturepointstotheproblemsassociatedwitheachThefirstmethodistoconstructwallsintheGreatLakestoblockthepassageoftheAsiancarp.However,thelecturepointsoutthatthiswouldnegativelyinfluencetheshippingindustryintheareabecausecargoshipswouldalsobeblockedandhavetounloadthecargoatonesideofthewallandreloadthecargoattheotherside,significantlyincreasingcostoftransportation.ThesecondmethodistouseelectricaldevicestoeliminatetheAsiancarp.However,accordingtothelecture,thismethodwouldnotworksuccessfullybecausesmallfishcouldstillswimthroughthedevice,andcontinuetogrowandreproduceintheothersideofthelake.Thethirdmethodisatwo-stepapproachinvolvingthepoisoningoftheAsiancarpfirstandthentheintroductionofnewspecies.YetThethirdmethodisatwo-stepapproachinvolvingthepoisoningoftheAsiancarpfirstandthentheintroductionofnewspecies.Yettheprofessorarguesthatthismeasureistoodrasticandcouldhaveunpredictableresults.Thetoxicchemicalsreleasedwouldleadtochangesinthewholeecosystemthataredangeroustothefishpopulationinthearea.(1)(2)shelter(3)宗教用途。靈魂等候區(qū)（為死去的人提供場(chǎng)所，讓他們等待超生(1)洞會(huì)漏雨水，儲(chǔ)存食物不方便。在冬天Erdstall(3)宗教用途ThereadingpassageproposesthreehypothesesregardingthefunctionsoftheErdstall,anarrow,undergroundstructurebuiltin[nameofplacementionedinthereading].However,thelecturepointstotheweaknessofthethreeFirst,theErdstallcouldhavebeenusedtokeeplivestockortostorefood.However,thelecturerarguesthattheErdstallisnotrainwater-proof.Particularlyinthewinter,theErdstallcouldhavebeenflooded.Soitisnotanidealplacetostorefood.Furthermore,notracesofgrainhavebeenfoundintheErdstall.Therefore,thestoragehypothesisisSecond,theErdstallcouldbeashelteragainstattackorburglary.Thisisalsonotpossibleinthelecturer’sopinion,because,asheargues,theErdstallissosmallthatitcouldbarelyaccommodateonefamily,andtheoxygeninsidetheErdstallissufficienttosustainonlyoneperson.Anotherobviousweaknessofthisoneperson.AnotherobviousweaknessofthishypothesisisthattheErdstallhasonlyoneentrypointanddoesnothaveanexit,makingitunlikelytoserveasanescaperoute.Finally,itistheorizedthattheErdstallcouldhavereligiousfunctions,servingasachamberofsoulforthedeceased.Yetifthisweretrue,accordingtothelecture,theErdstallshouldhavebeenfoundineveryvillageacrossthewholeregionwhichsharesthesamereligion.Thefact,however,isthattheErdstallisonlypresentinsome,notall,ofthevillages.Sothereligionhypothesisisunconvincing,either.[1].Lionfishareknownforeatinganythingtheycanfitintheirmouths,andseemtoeatnearlyconstantly.DuringastudyofinvasivelionfishintheBahamas,onelionfishwasobservedtoeattwentysmallfishinthespaceofthirtyminutesandreducethejuvenilefishpopulationsgreatly.Fast-growingandcapableofreproducingyear-round,lionfisharealsoout-competingnativespeciesfishpopulationsgreatly.Fast-growingandcapableofreproducingyear-round,lionfisharealsoout-competingnativespeciesandspreadingmorequicklythananyonepredicted.Withtheirindiscriminanteatinghabits,lionfisheatoutotherspeciesinarapidspeed,whichpreventalgalovergrowthonreefsandthereforeahealthierreefenvironment.TheCaribbeanlionfishinvasioncouldbecomethemostdisastrousmarineinvasioninhistorybydrasticallydecreasingtheabundanceofcoralreeffishesthroughouttheentireregion.Thus,theyshouldbecaughtforthereasonofprotectingthecoralreef.[2].Onthesameline,sincelionfishdirectlyimpactpopulationsofnumerousfishandcrustaceanspecies,includingcommerciallyvaluablespecieslikesnappers,groupers,lobstersandsoon.Bycatchinglionfish,thereducednumberofthemwillallowotherfishes,especiallythefishforthelocalmarketpurposetorecoverandbouncebackin[3].Lionfishmakefordelicious,delicate,economicalfilletsthatofferaperfectpopofproteinandlowfatmeat.Therearenocatchlimits,andtheycanbeprepareddozensofways.Oncestrippedofitsvenomousspines,cleanedandfilletedlikeanyotherfish,thelionfishbecomesdelectableseafoodfare.Thisisagreatsourceofnutrientsforthelocalpeople.[1].Whenhumancapturingthelionfish,they‘a(chǎn)lsocatchotherfishesatthesametime.Wherelionfishappears,therearemanyotherfishesaround.Besides,therearemanyrarefish,suchasspecieslikeparrotfish,whichcanpreventalgalovergrowthonreefsandorlobstersthatcatchstarfishforthewholesomenessofthereefenvironment.Thus,thismethodswillnotallowpeopletodistinguishwhichfishiswhichfishandwilleventuallyhurteverythinginthatarea.[2].Inthesecondplace,iflionfishisintroducedtothefishmarket,the"benefits"ofsellingsuchfishwillturnintotheprivatefishingfarmproblem.Inotherwords,fish-sellingpeoplewillartificiallypropagateorartificiallycultivatelionfish.Asweallknowthatfarmedfishmayescapethepen'snettingandthiswillcausemoreseriousinvasiveproblemtothelocalecosystem.[3].Thirdly,aftertestsofnearly200lionfishshowthatmorethanaquarterexceedfederallevelsforatoxinthatcannotonlycause-diarrhea,vomitingandfatigue-butalsoneurologicalproblemssuchaspainfullytinglinghandsandfeet,afeelingofhavinglooseteeth,and,oddestofall,areversedsenseoftemperature.Besides,wecannotexamineallthefishonebyone,sothisisnotasoundandsafeidea.4.(命中指數(shù)：5星)Rhone4.(命中指數(shù)：5星)Rhoneriver（2）雕塑特點(diǎn)和羅馬鑄幣上西澤相似（thestyleof著它是不respect（3）NeptuneThelectureandthereadingpassagebothtalkaboutalife-sizemarblebust,foundduringanarchaeologicalexcavationandretrievedfromthebedoftheriverRhone.WhiletheauthorofthepassageattributesthisbusttoJuliusCaesar,thelecturerrefuteseachoftheargumentspresentedinthereading.First,thestyleoftheportraitcouldnotbeusedasevidencetoshowthatthisbustwasthatofJuliusCaesar.AlthoughthebustwasmadeinastyleverypopularduringCaesar’stime,thisstylecontinuedtobepopularmanyyearsafterCaesardied.Therefore,thisbustcouldverywellhavebeenmadeinamuchlatertimeforsomeoneotherthanCaesar.Second,thesimilaritiesbetweenthebustandtheportraitofCaesaronsilvercoinswereratherlimitedtothehaironly.Inotherfeaturessuchastheneckandthenose,therearemanyobviousdifferences.IfthebustwasCaesar’s,thenitshouldhavelookedthesameinallfeaturestootherportraitsofCaesar.Finally,thelocationwherethebustwasfoundcouldnotproveanything.ArchaeologicalstudyalsoexcavatedotheritemsfromtheFinally,thelocationwherethebustwasfoundcouldnotproveanything.ArchaeologicalstudyalsoexcavatedotheritemsfromthesameplaceincludingasculpturefortheGodofNeptune.Thisindicatesthatpeoplecouldhavethrownthingsintotheriverbecausetheyhavebecomeuselessratherthanbecauseofpoliticalreasons,aswhatthereading5.(命中指數(shù)：五星級(jí))閱讀:ToBuildCrossingsforwildlife的缺(1)動(dòng)物不會(huì)用這些為他們建的crossings;theyarenottrainedtomakeuseof:(3)而且theareasaffectedbyroadorbyotherhumandevelopmentthathavealreadybeendamagedtoomuch.Notalongtermstrategy因棲息地都?jí)牡?，不?無法)crossings,(1)crossings，但是他們是可以學(xué)習(xí)的嘛，比如十(2)教授說不浪費(fèi)錢啊，動(dòng)物和人之間的collisions不僅對(duì)動(dòng)物，對(duì)人類也造成了(3)Castingdoubtsontheissuewhetherornotwildlifecrossingsshouldbemadeforthegreatestbenefitsofhumanbeingsandwildlifecreatures,thespeakerholdsaperspectivecontrarytothereadingpassage.Thefirstpointisaboutwhethertheanimalscanusethecrossingsanditmeansthatifanimalsdonotknowhowtomakeuseofthecrossings,itisnotadvantageoustothebuildingplan;however,fromthebuildingplan;however,fromthelisteningpassage,itsaysthatanimalscanbetrainedtousetheman-madecrossings.Forexample,thebearandwolvescasesinthelisteningthattheycanmakeuseofthecrossingsaftercertaintime,suchasadecadeco-existingwiththecrossings.Thereadingpassageneverthelessholdsthatthosewildlifeanimalscannotusethecrossingsandthebuildingplanwillbeinvalid.Secondly,accordingtothespeaker,itisnotafinancialwasteforbuildingwildlifecrossings.Iftherearenocrossingsbuilt,thedamagecanbemadenotjusttoanimals,buttovehiclesandtohumans.Buildingwildlifecrossingsisconducivetomutualbenefits;thusitisnotwastingmoney.Thislikewiserefutestheauthorfromthepassageinthatbuildingwildlifecrossingsisatotalwasteofmoney;itwillnothelphumanstosavemoneyontheaccidents.Thirdly,thespeakerthinksthatbuildingwildlifecrossingscanactuallyhelpanimalsolvethefragmentationproblembycreatinglinksandbridgesthatovercomethemainbarrierssuchroadsandotherhumandevelopmentsothatanimalcanhavefullaccesstoalltheirterritories.Thiscanprovidethemmoreopportunitiestosurvive,thriveandgrowastheyhavemorechancestofindfoodandreproduce.Yet,thereadingindicatesitisbettertokeepwildlifeanimalsinreservedareaswheretheycanbetterbeprotected.Inshort,thepointsputforthaboutthewildlifecrossingsinthereadingandlisteningarecontradictory.6.(命中指數(shù)：五星級(jí))T- TherehasbeensomecontroversyoverwhetherornotT.rexcouldrunfast.ThereadingpassageprovidesthreepiecesofevidencetoprovethatT.rexwasafastrunner.However,thelecturerarguesthatnoneoftheevidenceisconvincing.First,thereadingsuggeststhatT.rexmusthavebeenacapablerunnerbecauseitfedonherbivorousanimalwhichcouldrunveryfast.However,thelecturerarguesthatthismaynotserveasvalidproof,becauseT.rexhadveryacutesenseofsmellsotheycoulddetectandscavengeonthedeadbodiesofsmallanimalsinsteadofhavingtochasethem.Secondly,thereadingdrawscomparisonbetweenthelegbonesofT.rexandafastrunningtiger.Yetthelecturerrejectssuchcomparison.Hearguesthatinspiteofthesimilarity,thebonesofT.rexweretoofragiletosustainthehighpressurecausedbyhigh-speedrunning.Finally,fossilevidenceshowsthatT.rexhadtwopowerfullegsandlargetoes.RelativesoftheT.rexthatsharedthesefeatures,likethe[M-],werefastrunners.Againthisisdisprovedbytheprofessor,whoarguesthatinordertorun,aT.rexwouldhaveneededtocarry86%ofitshugebodymassassupportivemusclesinitslegs,whichcouldnothavebeenpossible.7.（命中指數(shù)：5星）hydroelectricdamReading:hydroelectricpowerplantsthree(1).low(2).low(3).thewaterpathsprotectLecture:(1).accountofLecture:(1).accountoftheresearchcostforselectinglocationandbuildingcost,thecostofhydroelectricplantsisnotlow(2).hydroelectricplantsproducethesameamountofgreenhousegasesasfossilfuelplant(3).waterpathscannotprotectallfishes,anexampleinEngland,akindoffishcannotusethewaterpathassalmondo.Besuspiciousofwhetherhydroelectricpowerisadvantageoustouscomparedwithotherpower,thespeakerholdsaperspectivecontrarytothereadingpassage.Thefirstpointisaboutthecostanditmeansthatpriortoadamcanbebuilt,manystudieshavetoberesearchedandmadesureiftherockaroundthepotentialdamcansupporttheheavyandmassiveconstruction.Thedamscannotbebuiltjustanywherenearariversource.Inaddition,thecostofbuildingadamisenormous.Thisisnotcostcutting.However,thereadingthinksdamsarebuiltrightinthesourceanddonotneedextrafueltotransportthepower,soitismoreinexpensive.Secondly,accordingtothespeaker,eventhoughtheoperationofsuchplantdoesnotgenerategreenhousegases,hydroelectricplantscratefloodedareasthatmakelargeamountsofplantmaterialtodecomposeanddecay.Thisis"thesource"ofproducinggreenhousegaseslikecarbondioxideandmethane.Fortropicalareaswherevegetationisdensest,thedamagetotheenvironmentisjustthesamecomparedtocoalplants.Thislikewiserefutestheauthorfromthepassageinthathydroelectricplantsdonotcauseharmfulgasestothesurroundings.Thethirdpointisregardingthewildlife.Itistruethatsalmoncanbesavedintheresearchbecausetheyarestrongandgetupstreamfromthedam.ThisisnotthecaseforotherkindsoffishinEngland.Thefishcannotmoveverticallyuptobypassthedam.Tobemoreconcise,hydroelectricplantsstillcausenegativeejectswildlife.Thus,allpointsfromthereadingpassagearedifferentfromthosestatedinthelisteningcontent.8.（命中指數(shù)：5星）DeathValley300kg8.（命中指數(shù)：5星）DeathValley300kg的大石頭會(huì)動(dòng)stones），有人試著解釋Thereadingpassagetriestoexplainwhysomestonesindesertareasshowsignsofmovingslowlyacrossthesurface.However,allthethreetheoriesproposedinthereadingarerefutedbythelecturer.Thefirsttheoryisthatthestonesaremovedbytheforcesofwinds.Thisismadepossiblebypowerfulwindstormsinthevalleyandmuddyandslipperysurfacesonrainydays.However,theprofessorarguesthatwindsstrongenoughmovearockhaveneverbeenrecordedonEarth.Furthermore,there’sevidenceshowingthatpartofthestonesisbeneaththemuddysurface,indicatingthatthestonesarenotslidingonthesurface.Thesecondtheoryisthattherocksmovebecauseofthefloatingicesheetsthatsurroundtherocks.However,thistheoryisalsonotpossiblebecause,asthespeakersays,thedesertareaisextremelydry,sodesertareaisextremelydry,soitlackstheamountofwatertoformlargeicesheets.Eventhoughicecouldpossiblyformduringthenightwhenthetemperaturedrops,duringthedaytheicewouldmelt.Therefore,icesheetscouldnothavebeentheforcesatplay.Finally,thereisthepossibilitythathumanoranimalinterventionratherthannaturalforcesmadethishappen.However,ifthisweretrue,theprofessorsays,thentherewouldhavebeentracesleftofhumansoranimalsmovingtherocks,andthesetraceswouldnothavebeeneasilyremovedinsuchmuddyplaces.Yetthefactisthatneitherthetracesofhumansnorthoseofhorsesexistnearthemovingrocks.Sothehumaninterventiontheoryishighlyunlikely.9.（命中指數(shù)：5星）congestionpricingcity(（2）在收費(fèi)區(qū)里面環(huán)境可能會(huì)好點(diǎn)，但是周圍的車相對(duì)就會(huì)增多，noiseandThepolicyofcongestionpricingisenforcedinsomeurbanareasinordertoalleviatetrafficcongestion.Thereadingpassageexplainsthebenefitsofcongestionpricing,whilethelecturewarnsthatthispolicyhasanumberofnegativeeffects.Thereadingsuggeststhatcongestionpricingreducestrafficsodriverscanreachtheirdestinationinlesstime.However,thelecturercontendsthatnotallpeoplewillfindittime-saving.Somedriverswillgoroundthepricingzoneinordertoavoidcongestionsurcharges.Forexample,deliverydriverswillThereadingsuggeststhatcongestionpricingreducestrafficsodriverscanreachtheirdestinationinlesstime.However,thelecturercontendsthatnotallpeoplewillfindittime-saving.Somedriverswillgoroundthepricingzoneinordertoavoidcongestionsurcharges.Forexample,deliverydriverswilltakealongerroutetoavoidthisadditionalcost,sothedeliverytimeisincreased.Thesecondbenefitmentionedinthereadingisthatcongestionpricingimprovesurbanenvironment.However,thelecturerpointsoutthatthismaybetrueforareaswithinthechargingzonebecausethereislesstrafficthere.Butinthesurroundingareas,pollutionandnoisemaybecomeworseasaresultofincreasedleveloftrafficthatmovestothoseFinally,accordingtothereading,congestionchargesareasourceofcityrevenuewhichcanbeusedbythegovernmenttoimprovepublicfacilitiessuchasroadsandbridges.Yetthelecturerarguesthatthispolicywillleadsomepeopletoswitchfromdrivingtousingpublictransportationsuchasthesubway.Thiswillentailanadditionalcostforsubwaymaintenance,whichmayevenexceedtherevenuefromcongestionpricing.Thereforethepolicywillnothelpimproveroadsandbridges.10.（命中指數(shù)：4星）閱讀：小額貸款（microcredit）poor1.educatethem,India,teachthemhowtofinance,ernational機(jī)構(gòu)中獲得貸款之后，governmentsavemoneybridgesandroadInthelecture,theInthelecture,thespeakermakesseveralpointsabouttheadvantagesofmicrocredit,awayusedtohelpthepoorforasuccessfulfuture;thismethodhoweverissupportedbythereadingpassage.Thefirstpointisaboutifmicrocreditreallyhelpsthepoorinbusiness.Fromthereading,itsaysthatborrowerscanonlybenefitfromsuchloanswhentheyhavetheknowledgeoffinanceandbusinesssettingupexperience.However,thisisdifferentfromthelisteninginthatmanyfinancialagenciesprovidebasicfinancialeducationtocustomerswhentheyaskfortakingoutsuchloans,suchashowtobudgewisely,howtokeepcostsdownandtheforth.()Moreover,fromthereadingpassage,microloansarenoteffectivebecausetheyarecostlytoprocess,addingupburdentothebank.However,theprofessorassertsthatmicrocreditbenefitsthepoor.Forinstance,banksdonotneedtorespondtotheentireindividualrequest.Inotherwords,fourorfivecustomerscantakeoutaloantogetherandsharetheadministrativecosts.Finally,theprofessorpointsoutthatmicrocreditcouldensurethegovernmenttobeinvestingthemoneysavedintootherfields.Forexample,governmentscanusethismoneytobuildinfrastructuresuchasroads,bridges,orpowerlines.Thosethingsareallhelpingthecitizens.However,thereadingsaysthatgovernmentcanpasstheresponsibilityofhelpingthepoorontothesideofbank.Inconclusion,microfinancingisnotagreatideatohelpthepoortogetridoftheirpovertyanddifficultyinlife.Thus,thereadingpassageandthelisteningcontentarecontradictoryonstandsheldtowardthisissue.11.（命中指數(shù)：4星）wounded?。贿€有根本就沒那個(gè)時(shí)候最常被狩獵的動(dòng)物—馴鹿，（3）magicalpower在不同的文化中有不同的含義啊，insomecase，這是一種儀式，actuallythemagicalpowertheirancestorsbelieveinisthattheycancommunicatewiththeanimalslivingaround.ThereadingpassageexplainsthepurposeofprehistoricpaintingsfoundinLascauxCaveinFrance.Accordingtothereading,thesepaintingswerecreatedbythepainterswiththehopeoffindinggoodlucktoensuresuccessfulhunting.However,thelecturerdisagreeswiththisexplanation.First,thereadingstatesthattherearelargeanimalsinsomepaintingsdepictedasbeingwoundedbyspearsandarrows,suggestingthattheseanimalswerehuntedbythepainters.（關(guān)聯(lián)視頻里對(duì)動(dòng)物圖案有一定介紹）However,thelecturerpointsoutthatthereareotherpaintingsthatdepictsmallanimalssuchascatsandreindeers,whichprehistoricpeopledidnothunt.Moreover,someanimalsinthepaintingsdonotappeartohavebeenwounded.Sothesepaintingsmaynotberelatedwithhunting.Second,humanfigureswithanimalheadsmaynotbeproofthatthepaintingswererelatedwithhunting.Accordingtothelecturer,somehumanfiguresdonotappearinthepaintingtobestanding;someareevensleeping.Theywereclearlynothuntinginsuchhorizontalposition,soitisprobablynottruethatthehorizontalposition,soitisprobablynottruethatthehumansinthepaintingsarewearinganimalheadsasacamouflagewhilehunting.Thethirdtheoryinthereadingproposesthatthepainterscreatedthesepaintingsbecausetheybelievedthatthesepaintingsmighthavemagicalpowers.Butthelecturerarguesthatthismagicalpowermighthavenothingtodowithhunting.Thepaintersmighthavebelievedthattheycouldcommunicatewiththeirancestors’spiritsthroughthesepainted(3)BeingskepticalaboutthetheoryoftherelationbetweenhumanhuntingandtheextinctionoflargemammalsinNorthAmerica,thelisteningpassageputsforthaperspectivetotallycontrarytothereasonsstatedinthereadingcontent.Tobeginwith,itisaboutthetiminghumanbeingscametotheplacewherelargemammalswerewipedout.Thelisteningpassagesaysthatthereisnoexactlythecauseandeffectrelationfortheextinctionofthoselargemammalswiththearrivalofhumanbeings.Thatistosay,theextinctionandthetimeofhumanarrivalarejustacoincidenceandsuchlargeextinctionmustTobeginwith,itisaboutthetiminghumanbeingscametotheplacewherelargemammalswerewipedout.Thelisteningpassagesaysthatthereisnoexactlythecauseandeffectrelationfortheextinctionofthoselargemammalswiththearrivalofhumanbeings.Thatistosay,theextinctionandthetimeofhumanarrivalarejustacoincidenceandsuchlargeextinctionmustbecausedbysomethingelse,suchasweatherabnormality.However,thereadingindicates,itishumanbeingsappearingtocertainareasthatlargeanimalswereextinctandtheywerehappenedatthesameperiodoftime.Secondly,thecontradictorypointregards-thebehavioroflargeanimals.Tobemoreconcise,largemammalsdidnothavepredatorsatthattime,sohumanhuntingwasnotadifficultjob.Fromthelisteninghowever,itsaysthathumanbeingsdidnotknowfoodpreservationskillstokeepmeatforalongtimeandtheyhuntedonlywhattheyneeded.So,thedecliningnumberoflargeanimalsshouldnotbesodrasticduetothisreason.Additionally,humanbeingsweremovingalotanditisnotconvincingatallwhatsoeverthatallthelargemammalswereextinct.Lastly,thelecturersuggeststhatnotjustlargemammalswereextinctatthattime,butweremanysmallerones,suchascertainkindsofbirds.Thereadingcontenthowevershowsthathumanbeingsonlyhuntedforlargemammals.Whatshallbetheexplanationwhysmalleranimalswerealsoextinctatthattime?Thus,thelisteningsupportsothertheoriesforsuchextinction,suchasextremeweatherconditionandtheforth.Toconclude,thelisteningcontentistotallyopposingtowhatthereadingsaysinthearticle.(1)不是捕撈引起的，是另一種BASS還是甚么的動(dòng)物吃光了這種manhaten該轉(zhuǎn)而去減少這種BASS(2)(3)(1)這 (2)(1)這 (2)(3)ThepopulationofthemenhadenintheChesapeakeBayhasbeendecliningduetooverfishing,sothegovernmenthascalledforabanonmenhadenfishinginthearea.Theauthorofthepassageisconcernedthatsuchabanmaynotbetherightsolution,whilethelecturergivestheoppositeopinion,arguingthatthebanisnecessaryandjustified.First,thereadingpointstothefactthattherealcauseofthedeclineinthemenhadenpopulationisnotfishing,butthestripedbass,amajorpredatorofthemenhaden,soratherthanlimitingmenhadenfishing,weshouldreducethepopulationofthestripedbass.However,thelecturearguesthatthestripedbassserveasanimportantlinkintheeco-system,keepingthepopulationofmanyfishspeciesundercontrol.Weshouldavoiddisturbingthenaturalbalanceoftheecosystem,sothebestsolutionisstillabanonmenhadenfishing.Second,thereadingsuggeststhatthemenhadenareanimportantsourceofproteinforlivestockandpoultry.Placingabanonmenhadenfishingwouldnegativelyaffectnearbyfarms.Thelecturer,however,statesthatthemenhadencanbereplacedbysoybean,whichisalsoaveryeffectivesourceofproteinforlivestockandpoultry.Therefore,banningfishingintheChesapeakeBaywouldnotcreateanyshortageofproteinsnecessaryforfarmsinthenearbyareas.Finally,theauthorofthepassageisworriedthatlimitingmenhadenfishingwouldleadtothelossofjobopportunitiesforfishermen,dealersandintheprocessingindustries,whichwouldhamperthelocaleconomy.Fromthelecture,however,welearnthatthebanonmenhadenfishingisonlyatemporarypolicy.Oncethepopulationofthemenhadenreturnstonormal,thebanwillbeliftedandfishingandotherrelatedindustrieswillgrowhealthilyagain.Ontheotherhand,ifoverfishingisnotstopped,itwouldresultinatotalcollapseofthelocaleconomysoonerorlater.所government,benefit煙后又會(huì)吃更多的不健康食物。垃圾食品貴了還買增加經(jīng)濟(jì)負(fù)擔(dān)(burden)Thereadingpassageandthelecturepresentcontrastingviewsregardingwhetherthegovernmentshouldimposehighertaxationoncigaretteandunhealthyfood.First,thelecturearguesthatincreasedtaxationwillnotpreventpeoplefromconsumingcigarettesorjunkfoodasthereadingsuggestsbecauseconsumerswouldswitchtolessexpensivebrandstheycanafford.Theseareoftenoflowqualityandcontainmoreharmfulsubstances,whichmayproduceevenmorehealthriskstoconsumers.Second,accordingtothelecture,ahighertaxmeansthatthepoorpeoplewouldhavetopayahigherproportionoftheirincomethandothewealthypeopleonconsumptionofthesamecigarettesorfood,whichisfinanciallyunfair.Thisisindirectcontradictionwiththereading’sclaimthatitisjustifiableforsmokersthesamecigarettesorfood,whichisfinanciallyunfair.Thisisindirectcontradictionwiththereading’sclaimthatitisjustifiableforsmokersandjunkfoodconsumerstopayahighertaxbecausetheyarethepeoplewhoaremorelikelytogetsickandneedthegovernment’smedicalservice,whichisfundedbytaxrevenues.Third,thelecturerwarnsusthatoncethegovernmenthasincreaseditsrevenuebecauseofhighertobaccoorjunk-foodtax,itwillbecomesodependentonthistaxthatitmustbereluctanttoformulatepoliciesonbanningsmoking(inpublicplaces)orunhealthyfoods.Thereading,ontheotherhand,presentsanoptimisticviewthatthegovernmentisgoingtousethismoneyontheconstructionofpublicfacilitiesthatcanbenefiteveryone.Thereadingpassagepresentsthreeinterestingmythsthatpeopleoftenhaveaboutcertainabilitiesandbehaviorsofelephants.However，thelecturerdispelsthesemythsusingevidenceandfacts.Thefirstmythisthatanelephantseemstobeabletopredict(anticipate)itsdeathandthatitgoestospecialelephantgraveyardstodie，whichisoftennearthewater.However,thefactisthataselephantsgrowold,theirteetharegraduallyworndown，sooldusuallystartlookingaroundforsoftervegetationatthewater’sedge.Thisiswheremostelephantseventuallydie.ThesecondmythisthatelephantshaveThesecondmythisthatelephantshavenaturaltalentsindrawing.Theycanholdabrushwiththeirtrunkanddrawpicturessuchasflowers.However,accordingtothelecture,thisabilityistrained.Trainersteachelephantshowtopaintandguidetheirpaintingbytouchingelephants’ears.Anelephantisnotreallypaintingapictureoutofitsmind,itissimplycreatingfixedpatternsoflines.Thethirdmythisthatelephantsfearmice.Inanexperiment,anelephantbackedoffwhenitsawamouse.Yetthelecturerarguesthatthisisnotfear.It’sananimal’snaturalinstincttobecautiouswhenitseessomethingunfamiliar.Elephantsthatliveinthezooarenotscaredofmiceatallbecausetheyarefamiliarwiththepresenceofmicethere.16.（命中指數(shù)：3星）IF（iron為了減低全球氣候變化，吸收更多的二氧化碳，有一個(gè)辦法是IF（iron氧化碳，從而減緩全球變暖。Thepassagedisagreeswiththiswayforthree(1)IFeffective(2)ironphytoplanktonoceantoxin(3)ecologicalsystemintheocean(2)areaphytoplankton太多了，我們就停止這種方法，phytoplankton(3)盡管會(huì)對(duì)生態(tài)造成影響，但是我們必須taketheriskThelecturerejectsThelecturerejectsviewspresentedinthereadingpassageregardingtheeffectivenessofironfertilization.Contrarytowhatthereadingsays,thelecturerarguesthatironfertilizationisapromisingsolutiontoglobalwarning.First,thereadingcriticizesthatironfertilizationisanineffectivesolutionbecauseexperimentsshowthatonlyasmallamountofcarbondioxidecanbeabsorbed.Yetthelecturerrejectsthiscriticism,arguingthatexperimentslasttooshort(onlyamonth)fortheeffectofironfertilizationtobevisible.IncreasedCO2absorptionwouldonlybesignificantinthe2ndor3rdmonth.Second,thereadingwarnsusthattoxicchemicalsreleasedintheprocessofironfertilizationwillharmlocalfisheryaswellashumanswhoeatcontaminatedfish.However,thelecturerarguesthatcontaminationislimitedwithincertainarea