Unit+5+Learning+from+nature+Using+language+Grammar 高二英語(yǔ)外研版（2019）選擇性必修第三冊(cè)

Unit5Period2Grammar課堂學(xué)習(xí)Review:non-finiteformsassubject,objectandpredicative1Lookatthesentencesfromthereadingpassageandanswerthequestions.aToday,architectscontinuetoexplorewaystocapturethebeautyofnaturalforms,...b...itappearstofloatabovethewaterfrontpromenadeandthewaterthatsurroundsit.cVisitorsareoftenamazedtofindthemselvesinanurbanbuildingthatsotrulycapturesthebeautyofnaturalforms.dCreatingbuildingssuchastheseenablesustoliveincloserharmonywithourenvironment.1Lookatthe“todo”

structuresinsentences(a)and(b).Dotheyservethesamefunctionineachsentence?

2Insentence(c),isthe-ed

formusedasanadjectiveorapastparticiple?Whydoestheauthorusethe-ed

formotherthanthe-ing

form?No,theydon’t.“Toexplore”

insentence(a)servesasobjectand“tofloat”

insentence(b)servesaspredicative.The-edformisusedasanadjective.Theauthorwantstodescribethevisitors’

feeling,sothe-edformisused.3Whatisthefunctionofthe

-ing

forminsentence(d)?The-ingformisusedassubject.Nowlookformoresentenceswiththesestructuresinthereadingpassage.1.Infact,wearesousedtothemthatwemayeventakethemforgrantedwithoutrealising

howmuchinspirationtheyhavegivenus.2.Itisnaturaltothinkinthisway,...3.Peoplewhoseinterestisexploring

therelationship...4.Tousebiomimicry

istocreatestructures...【語(yǔ)法講解】非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，又叫非限定動(dòng)詞，共有三類：不定式、分詞（現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞）和動(dòng)名詞。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在句中不可單獨(dú)做謂語(yǔ)，不受主語(yǔ)的人稱和數(shù)的限制，它在句中可以用作其他成分，如主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)等。作主語(yǔ)：Rollerskatingonroughpavementinvitesaccidents.作賓語(yǔ)：Heavoidedtalkingaboutthis.作表語(yǔ)：Myideaistorentabicycle.動(dòng)詞-ing形式作主語(yǔ)常用來(lái)表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作且通常放在句首。e.g.a.

Fishingismypleasure.(釣魚是我的愛好。)

b.

Talkingmendsnoholes.(空談無(wú)濟(jì)于事。)動(dòng)詞-ing形式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，需要注意以下兩點(diǎn)。1)

謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。e.g.a.

Readingaloudisvitaltolearnasecondlanguage.(大聲朗讀對(duì)于學(xué)習(xí)第二語(yǔ)言是很重要的。)

b.

Seeingisbelieving.(眼見為實(shí)。)2)

動(dòng)詞-ing形式作主語(yǔ)的句子可以轉(zhuǎn)化為用it作形式主語(yǔ)的句子。常見的結(jié)構(gòu)有：It

is+nouse/nogood/useless,

etc+動(dòng)詞-ing形式Itisnice/goodinteresting/awasteof,

etc+動(dòng)詞-ing形式e.g.a.

Tryingtopersuadehimtostopsmokingisnouse.=Itisnousetryingtopersuadehimtostopsmoking(想說(shuō)服他戒煙是沒(méi)有用的。)

b.

Learningtheorywithoutpracticeisnogood.=Itisnogoodlearningtheorywithoutpractice.(光理論不實(shí)踐要不得。)動(dòng)詞后接非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓語(yǔ)的情況分為三種：只能接不定式；只能接動(dòng)名詞；接動(dòng)名詞或不定式皆可。部分動(dòng)詞后接動(dòng)名詞和不定式作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)意思有差別，如下所示。1)

forgettodosth.忘記要去做某事（此事未做）

forgetdoingsth.忘記做過(guò)某事（此事已做過(guò)或已發(fā)生）2)

stoptodosth.停止、中斷（某事），目的是去做另一件事

stopdoingsth.停止正在做的某事3)

remembertodosth.記住去做某事（未做）

rememberdoingsth.記得做過(guò)某事（已做）4)

regrettodosth.對(duì)要做的事表示遺憾

regretdoingsth.對(duì)做過(guò)的事感到后悔5)

trytodosth.努力做某事

trydoingsth.嘗試著做某事6)

meantodosth.打算，有意要做某事

meandoingsth.意味著做某事7)

goontodosth.繼而（去做另外一件事情）

goondoingsth.繼續(xù)（原先沒(méi)有做完的事情）8)

dreaddoingsth.害怕、擔(dān)心做某事

dreadtodosth.不敢去做某事（表示對(duì)某事十分擔(dān)憂）9)

can'thelpdoingsth.情不自禁做某事

can'thelp

(to)

dosth.不能幫忙做某事to-infinitive形式作表語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式形式作表語(yǔ)時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作往往是具體的、一次性的動(dòng)作，特別是將來(lái)的動(dòng)作。通常主語(yǔ)是表示“目的，愿望，夢(mèng)想，需求”等的名詞或what引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句。例如：Mypurposeistoclimbtothetopofthesnowmountain.(我的目標(biāo)就是要爬到雪山的頂部。)如果主語(yǔ)是主語(yǔ)從句，且該句中末尾是todo，則表語(yǔ)中的to可以省略。例如：a.WhatIwanttodois(to)getsomefreshwater.(我要做的事就是弄些淡水來(lái)。）b.WhatIneedistomakethemhappy,nottired.(我需要的是讓他們快樂(lè)，而不是疲勞。）-ing形式作表語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞-ing形式作表語(yǔ)時(shí)表示一般性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或抽象的動(dòng)作，大部分時(shí)候主語(yǔ)與表語(yǔ)可以互換。例如：Therealquestionisgettingtoknowtheneedsofthestudents.=Gettingtoknowtheneedsofthestudentsistherealquestion.(真正的問(wèn)題是了解學(xué)生的需求。）動(dòng)詞-ing形式作表語(yǔ)還可以表示主語(yǔ)具有的特征和屬性。例如：Thenewsisreallyexciting.(這個(gè)消息真令人振奮。)-ed形式作表語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞-ed形式作表語(yǔ)時(shí)表示主語(yǔ)（人和事物）的被動(dòng)關(guān)系或存在狀態(tài)或情感情緒等。例如：a.Thecupswerebrokenbythewaitress.(杯子被服務(wù)員打碎了。)(broken表示被動(dòng)關(guān)系)b.Thecupsarebroken.(杯子碎了。)(broken表示主語(yǔ)的存在狀態(tài)）C.Iamverydisappointedatthenews.(我對(duì)這個(gè)消息感到很失望。)(disappointed表示主語(yǔ)的情緒——感到失望)2Completethepassagewiththecorrectformoftheverbsinbrackets.1___________________(draw)inspirationfromnatureisatraditionthatgoesbackcenturies.NowhereisthisbetterillustratedthaninthebeautifulLingeringGardenofSuzhou.Themainprincipleofitsdesignis2___________________(recreate)naturallandscapesinminiature.FirstestablishedintheMingDynasty,theoriginalgardencontainedarockerytosymboliseTiantaiMountain.Pineandbamboogroveswereaddedlater,alongwithapondandanisland.Visitorswouldbe3___________________(astonish)tofindthegardenmodeledcloselyonnaturalfeatures.Visitorsarealsosupposed4___________________(explore)itscene-by-scene.Thiscouldvaryfromaviewofapondandthesplashingoffish,toatreeinblossom,apagodaoramoon-shapedgate.Drawingtorecreate/recreatingastonishedtoexplore3Readtheinformationbelowandwriteaparagraphintroducingthe24SolarTermswiththewordsinthebox.Usethestructuresyouhavelearntinthisunitwhereappropriate.OrigincreatedbyfarmersinAncientChinabasedonChineselunarcalendardeterminedbythechangesinthe

positionofthesunSignificancechangesinweathermeanalotto

farmersdeterminethebesttimetosow

andharvestwisdomlearntfromnatureFirsttermBeginningofSpringdaysbecomelongerandthe

temperatureincreasesCulturalheritageaddedtoUNESCO'sListof

IntangibleCulturalHeritagein2016Learningfromnature’swisdomledfarmersinAncientChinatocreatethe24SolarTerms...learndetermineshowamazeuseSample:Learningfromnature’swisdomledfarmersinAncientChinatocreatethe24SolarTerms,whichwerebasedonobservationofchangesofseasons,astronomyandothernaturalphenomena.Indicatingchangesinweatherconditions,the24SolarTermsremainofparticularimportancetofarmersforguidingtheirpractices.Thefirsttermisknownas“BeginningofSpring”,andmarkswhendaysbecomelongerandthetemperaturebeginstoincrease.Nowadays,the24SolarTermsnotonlyapplytofarming,butalsoguideChinesepeopleineverydaylife.SovariedarethefunctionsoftheSolarTermsandtheircontributionstoculturalidentity,thatin2016,theywereaddedtoUNESCO’sListofIntangibleCulturalHeritage.4Workinpairs.TalkaboutoneoftheSolarTermsusingthestructuresyouhavelearntinthisunitwhereappropriate.立春theBeginningofSpring(1stsolarterm)雨水RainWater(2ndsolarterm)驚蟄theWakingofInsects(3rdsolarterm)春分theSpringEquinox(4thsolarterm)清明PureBrightness(5thsolarterm)谷雨GrainRain(6thsolarterm)立夏theBeginningofSummer(7thsolarterm)小滿LesserFul