高一英語狀語從句課件

PowerPointcoursewareforhighschoolEnglishadvecontents目錄ThedefinitionandclassificationofadvisoryclausesAdvisoryclauseoftimeAdvisoryclauseofconditioncontents目錄SuperiorclauseofplaceSuperiorclaimofreasonObjectiveAdverbialClauseResultadvisoryclauseConditionaladvisoryclauseThedefinitionandclassificationofadvisoryclauses01Adverbialclausesaresuborderclausesthatfunctionasadvertisementsinasense,modifyingthemeaningofthemainclauseTheyprovideadditionalinformationabouttheactionoreventdescribedinthemainclauseTheyarestylishlyintroducedbysubcoordinatingconnections,suchas"when,""if,""where,""because,""thought,"etcAdvancedclausescanmodifyverbs,objections,orotheradvancedclauseswithinasenseDefinitionTimeTheseclausesindicateaspecifictimewhentheactioninthemainclauseoccursExample:"Whentheclocktrucktweets,westartedourparty."ConditionTheseclausesindicateaconditionthatmustbemetfortheactioninthemainclausetooccurExample:"Ifyouwanttosucceed,youmustworkhard."LocationTheseclassesindicatewheretheactionisinthemainclasstakesplaceExample:"Whereyougo,Iwillfollow."Classification:Time,Condition,Location,Reason,Purpose,Result,ConditionReason:TheseclaimsprovidethereasonfortheactioninthemainclauseExample:"Heskippedclassbecausehewastired."Result:TheseclausesindicatetheresultoftheactioninthemainclauseExample:"Heworkedsohardthathepassedtheexam."Concept:Theseclaimscontrastorcomparetwoideas,indicatingacontrastorexceptiontothemainclauseExample:"Throughheisyoung,hehasalotofexperience."Purpose:TheseclaimsindicatethepurposeoftheactioninthemainclauseExample:"Shestudiedhardtopasstheexam."Classification:Time,Condition,Location,Reason,Purpose,Result,ConditionAdvisoryclauseoftime02010203WhenItisusedtoindicateaspecificmomentorperiodoftimeForexample:"WhenIwasyoung,Ioftenplayedwithmyfriends."WhileItisusedtoindicateaspecificperiodoftimeoractionthatishappeningatthesametimeasanotheractionForexample:"WhileIwasstudying,mydogwasplayingwithaball."AsItisusedtoindicatethatsomethinghappenedatthesametimeasanotheractionoreventForexample:"AsIwaswalkingdownthestreet,Isawacat."Guidingwords:when,while,as,before,after,since,till,untilGuidingwords:when,while,as,before,after,since,till,untilItisusedtoindicateanactionoreventthathasoccurreduptothepresentmomentForexample:"SinceIwasborn,Ihavelivedinthiscity."SinceItisusedtoindicateanactionthathappensbeforeanotheractionForexample:"BeforeIwettobed,Ibrushedmytea."BeforeItisusedtoindicateanactionthathappensafteranotheractionForexample:"AfterIhaddinner,Iwentforawalk."AfterTillItisusedtoindicateaspecifictimeorperiodoftimeuptowhichsomethingwillcontinueForexample:"Iwillwaittillmyfriendrivers."UntilItisusedtoindicateaspecifictimeorperiodoftimeuptowhichsomethingwillcontinueForexample:"Iwillwaituntilmyfriendrivers."Guidingwords:when,while,as,before,after,since,till,untilPresenttenseWhenthemainverbisinthepresenttense,theadvisoryclauseoftimeshouldalsobeinthepresenttenseForexample:"WhenIamfree,Ioftengoforawalk."PasttenseWhenthemainverbisinthepasttense,theadvisoryclauseoftimeshouldalsobeinthepasttenseForexample:"WhenIwasyoung,Ioftenplayedwithmyfriends."FuturetenseWhenthemainverbisinthefuturetense,theadvisoryclauseoftimeshouldalsobeinthefuturetenseForexample:"WhenIwillbefree,Iwillgoforawalk."Tense:Themaingeneralispresent,themainhaspassedandneverhaspassedTimegap:Whenusingtheadvisoryclauseoftime,itisimportanttoconsiderthetimegapbetweenthemainclauseandtheadvisoryclauseIfthereisasignificanttimegap,itmaybenecessarytouseadifferenttenseintheadvisoryclauseForexample:"WhenIwasyoung(past),Ioftenplayedwithmyfriends(present)."MattersneedingattentionSubordinateclausestructureItisimportanttorememberthattheadvisoryclauseoftimeisasubordinateclauseandshouldhaveasubjectandaverbForexample:"When(subject)thebellrang(verb),weallstockup."ParallelstructureWhenusingmorethanoneadvisoryclause,itisimportanttomaintainparallelstructureForexample:"Iliketoeatappleswhentheyareripeandjuicy."MattersneedingattentionAdvisoryclauseofcondition03LessusedtoexpressaconditionthatisnotnecessaryorsufficientforaneventtooccurIfusedtointroduceaconditionthatisnecessaryorsufficientforaneventtooccurAslongasusedtoexpressaconditionthatmustbemetforaneventtocontinueoccurringGuidingwords:if,less,aslongas

Tense:Themaingeneralispresent,themainhaspassedandneverhaspassedPresenttenseusedtoexpressaconditionthatiscurrentlytrueorappliedinthepresentsituationLasttenseusedtoexpressaconditionthatwastrueinthepastorapplicationsinapastsituationNeverhaspassedusedtoexpressaconditionthathasneveroccurredorappliedinthepastThesubcriticalmoodisusedtoexpressconditionsthatarecontemporarytofactorareconsideredunlikelytooccurItiscommonlyintroducedbywordssuchas"ifonly"or"inorderto"SubjunctivemoodSuperiorclauseofplace04"where"isusedasaguidewordtoindicateaplaceorposition,usuallyplacedatthebeginningofasentencetointroduceasubordinateclause.UsageanalysisIwillgowheretheclimateiswarm(Iwillgotoaplacewithawarmclimate.)ExamplesentenceGuideword:whereTenseconsistency01Whenusingaclauseguidedby"where",itisimportanttoensurethatthetenseofthemainandsubordinateclausesisconsistent.Clausecompleteness02Theclauseintroducedby"where"needstohaveacompletesentencestructureandcannotlackasubjectorpredicate.Avoidrepetition03Inthesamesentence,trytoavoidusingwheretoguidemultipleclausesrepeatedly.MattersneedingattentionSuperiorclaimofreason05BecauseItisthemostcommonlyusedguidingwordtointroducethereasonItisplacedatthebeginningoftheclauseandisfollowedbythereasonSinceItisusedtointroduceareasonthatisalreadyknownorobjectiveItiscommonlyplacedatthebeginningoftheclauseAsItisusedtointroduceareasonthatisconcurrentwiththeactionoreventItiscommonlyplacedatthebeginningoftheclauseForItisusedtogiveareasonthatisadditionalorcompletetothemainclauseItiscommonlyplacedatthebeginningoftheclauseGuidingwords:because,since,as,forPropuseMakesuretousetheguidingwordscorrectlyandavoidusingthemredundantlyorininappropriatecontextsEnsurethatthereasonisexpressedclearlyandconcisely,avoidinglongandcomplexsensesPayattentiontothegraphicalstructureoftheclause,includingthetense,voice,andsubjectverbagreementEnsurethatthereasonclauseiscoherentwiththemainclauseanddoesnotsoundinterruptedordisconnectedClearexpressionGrammaticalaccuracyCoherencewiththemainclauseMattersneedingattentionObjectiveAdverbialClause06Commonvocabularyforguidingpurposeadverbialclauses"Sothat"and"inorderthat"arecommonlyusedguidewordstoindicatethattheactionorstateinthemainsentenceistoachievethepurposeofthesubordinateclause.Forexample,"IgotupearlysothatIcouldcatchthebus."Guidingwords:sothat,inorderthatNotestobetakenWhenusingatargetadverbialclause,attentionshouldbepaidtothefollowingpoints:first,thetenseoftheclauseshouldbeconsistentwiththemainclause;Secondly,thewordorderofclausesshouldbedeclarativeratherthaninterrogative;Finally,itisimportanttoensurethatthecontentofthesubordinateclauseislogicallyrelatedtotheactionorstateofthemainclause.MattersneedingattentionResultadvisoryclause07VSThisguidewordisusedtoshowtheresultofanactionoreventItisoftenfollowedbyadependentclausethatfurtherclarifiestheresultForexample,"Shestudiedhardsothatshecouldgetagoodgrade."SoAsToThisguidewordisalsousedtoshowtheresultofanactionorevent,butitislesscommonthan"soThat"ItcanbefollowedbyaninfinitiveverboradependentclauseForexample,"Sheranquicklysoastocatchthebus."SoThatGuideword:soThat,soAsToPlacementoftheResultAdvisoryClauseTheresultadvisoryclauseshouldbeplacedattheendofthemainclauseorafterthesubjectandverbItshouldnotbeplacedinthemiddleofthepresenceClearExpressionWhenusingtheresultadvisoryclause,makesuretoexpresstheresultclearlyandconciselyAvoidusingtoomanywordsoraddingunnecessarydetailsGrammaticalCorrectionEnsurethatthegrammarandpunctationoftheresultadvisoryclausearecorrectUseacommabeforethedependentclauseandfollowitwithacommaorperiodattheendMattersneedingattentionConditionaladvisoryclause08Guidingwords:thought,although,evenif,eventhoughtItisthoughtthattheplanwillbeimplementednextyearAlthourittrainedallday,theystillmanagedtocomplete