導(dǎo)游詞-全中英對(duì)照

181頁(yè)——203頁(yè)峰——蓮花峰，海拔1864米。在天都峰與蓮花峰之間，可以看到一片黃墻紅頂?shù)姆孔?，那就是“玉屏樓〞，其所在的山峰名為玉屏峰。玉屏峰被稱為“黃山絕勝處〞，有“人間玉屏，天上人家"之稱。著名的迎客松、送客松、陪客松以及黃山臥佛等都在這兒。鰲魚峰在我們面前的這座山峰是鰲魚峰。你看，整個(gè)山峰猶如一條巨大的鰲魚，頭向左，尾向右。在鰲魚的嘴前有三塊小巧石，像三個(gè)螺螄，因此組成“鰲魚吃螺螄〞景觀。在鰲魚背上，有石如龜，向前探首，峰石結(jié)合，構(gòu)成“鰲魚馱金龜〞的奇景。游覽至此，黃山北海景區(qū)的景點(diǎn)便全部結(jié)束。謝謝大家!MountJiuhua(九華山)Ladiesandgentlemen，Today，accompaniedbythesunshineinearlymorning,wearegoingtopayavisittoMountJiuhua.FirstallowmetobrieflyintroduceMountJiuhua.MountJiuhuaislocatedinsouthwesternQingyangCounty,AnhuiProvince.ItcombinesBuddhistculturewithbeautifulsceneryandancienttemples,anditisoneofthefoursacredBuddhistmountainsinChina.MountJiuhhuahas99peakssurroundingitssummit,ShiwangPeak,whichis1,342metershigh.MountJiuhuahasalonghistoryofreligiousculture,withTaoismprecedingBuddhism.Amongthemorethaneightytemplesstillstandingtoday,Huacheng,Ganlu,Tiantai,andQiyuanTemples,RoushenHall,andZhantanFroestarethebestpreserved.ThearchitecturalstyleisdistinguishedbyitsfreeandvividdesignmixingBuddhisttemplesandlocalresidencesinthemountainregion.Therearenotonlybigtemplesofagrandscaleandstrictstyle,butalsosmallquiettemplesmadeupofoneroomandonehall.MountJiuhuaisaspecialplaceofBuddhistworshipwherereligiousritesareheldfortheworshipofKsitigarbha,knowninChineseasDìzàng(地藏)，whoisaBodhisattvaandprotectorofsoulsinhellintheMahayanaBuddhisttradition．ItisrecordedthatduringtheTangDynasty，JinQiaojue，thenearclanoftheKingofKoyroKingdom，orpresentdayKorea,cametoChinaandpracticedBuddhisminMt．Jiuhuauntilhediedattheageof99,muchlikethefamousBuddhistsage，Ksitigarbha，soheisregardedastheKsitigarbhaBodhisattva．SinceagravetowerwasbuilttoburyhimonShenguangRidge，itbecametheplaceforworshipingKsitigarbha．Thetowerisalwaysfilledwithincensesmokeandeveryyear，atemplefairisheldlasting10days．Thefairhasbeenincludedinnation-widetouringprogramsandwelcomesmanydomesticandforeignpilgrims．Today，duetolimitedtime，wearejustgoingtovisitJiuhuaStreetandTiantaiScenicArea．JiuhuaStreetScenicAreaNowwearewalkingontheJiuhuaStreet．ItislocatedinaspaciousareaatthefootofFurongPeak600meters，abovesealevelandsurroundedbymountains，whichservesasMountJiuhua’sreceptioncenter．Temples，localresidences，andshopsaremixedtogetheronJiuhuastreet，andmonks，nuns，pilgrims，visitorsandthelocalinhabitantswanderaroundhereallday．QiyuanTempleWhatweseenowisQiyuanTemple，whichisalsocalledQiyuanBuddhistTemple.ItwasoriginallybuiltintheMingDynasty．Thestructureofthebuildingsresemblesthoseofapalacecomplex；however，unlikethebuildingsinapalacecomplex，theyarenotsymmetricallylaidout．Indeed，eventhegateisslantingtooneside．Pleaselookattheaisleinfrontofthetemple；ithasareliefsculptureoflotuswiththepatternofancientcoinsengravedonit，symbolizingtheholytraceofSakyamuni．Enteringthegate，youcanseetwoBuddhistwarriorsonthetwosideswithfrighteningfacialexpressions．InthemiddleisthestatueofLinguan，thejudge，withawide-openeyeonhisforeheadandalongwhipinhishand.LinguanwasoriginallyagodofTaosim,butwhydidhecomeintoaBuddhisttemple?Itissaidthatoneday，whenVitasoka，theprotectorofKsitigarbhawentouttoinspectthemountain，ascholarwhowasanon-believerofBuddhismthrustanironneedleatthelegofKsitigarbhatoseeifhewasreal．SeeingthebloodoozingfromthelegofKsitigarbha，thescholarwasscaredandhurrieddownthemountain．WhenVitasokacamebackandwastoldaboutit，hechasedthescholarinspiteofKsitigarbha’sstopping，andbeatthescholartodeathwithonewhipatWuxiBridge．Ksitigarbhawasratherangry，forthemonksshouldbemerciful，sohedismissedVitasokaandaskedLingguantotakehisplace．Today，therelicsofthescholar’stombatWuxiBridgecanbetheproofforthelegend.RoushenHallWearenowinthefamousRoushenHall．Morethan1．200yearsago，theeminentmonkJinQiaojueusedtochantsutraandsitinmeditationOnShenguangRidge．Whenhedied，hesatinavatandwasplacedinNantai．Asthegroundshonemagically，itwasrenamedShenguang(MagicShine)Ridge．Threeyearslater，thevatwasopened．Hisbodywasstillsoft，hisfacewasstilllivelyandhisbonessoundedclearlywhenshaken.AstheBuddhistsutrashowed，hewasthereincarnationofBuddha，sohewashonoredKsitigarbhaandahighhallandawoodenpagodawerebuilttoprotecthim，whichwasnamedRoushen(incarnation)Hall．Thestructureofapagodainsideahall,avatinsidethepagoda，andanincarnatedbodyinsidethevatisunique.TiantaiScenicAreaWe’vearrivedatTiantaiScenicArea.TiantaiScenicAreasissituatedsoutheastofMountJiuhuawheremostofthehighpeaksgather.TiantaiPeakis1,325metershigh,makingitalittlelowerthanShiwangPeak.Butitisalwaysbeenregardedasthecenterofthehighpeaksbecauseofitsmanyscenicsightsandancienttemples.StartingfromMinyuantoTiantai,you’llenjoyvariousmagnificentviewsonebyoneasyouclimbhigherandhigher.TiantaiTempleTiantaiTemplenowisinoursights.ItisalsocalledWanfoBuildingandKsitigarbhaBuddhistTempleandhasthreeparts.Firstyou’llentertheMaitreyaBuddhaHall,thenthehalloftheThreeSagesinthewesternworld，atlasttheGrandHall.Now，pleaselookup，youcanseeonthewoodenceiling,thousandsofsmallBuddhistfigurinesarelinedwithvariousvividexpressions．Thetemplehasnooutsideyards，butisstillspaciousandbright，duetoitsspecialdesign．Ontherockatthecornerofthehallisabigfootprintwhichispairedwithoneonanotherpeak，theEastCliff．TheyweretheholyprintsleftbyJinQiaojuewhenhetookoffstridingoverthetwopeaks．Thebigdrumwaspresentedin1982bythepiousBuddhistbelieversinKowloon，HongKong．Well,thetourofMountJiuhuanowcomestoanend．Ithankyouallandwishyouahappyjourneyhome！各位朋友，大家好!沐浴著清晨的陽(yáng)光，我們將前往九華山風(fēng)景區(qū)游覽。我先簡(jiǎn)單介紹一下九華山風(fēng)景區(qū)的概況。九華山位于安徽省青陽(yáng)縣西南，景色秀奇，古剎林立，是以佛教文化為特色的山岳風(fēng)景區(qū)，中國(guó)四大佛教名山之一。九華山群峰林立，高上下低的山峰圍繞著海拔1342米的主峰十王峰，猶如兒孫繞膝，老少歡聚。九華山宗教活動(dòng)歷史悠久，其道教在先，佛教更盛?，F(xiàn)存寺廟80多座，其中被列為國(guó)家重點(diǎn)保護(hù)的有化成寺、祗園寺、肉身寶殿、旃檀林、甘露寺、天臺(tái)寺等。其建筑形式很有特色，大局部以佛教殿堂與皖南民居相結(jié)合，依山傍勢(shì)，布局靈巧，既有規(guī)模宏大的殿宇，也有一舍一佛堂的清凈小庵。大家可能都知道，九華山佛教以地藏道場(chǎng)而聞名。據(jù)古跡記載，唐代開元年間，古新羅國(guó)(今朝鮮半島)王族近屬金喬覺渡海來(lái)華，在九華山苦修,于貞元十年(公元764年)夏99歲時(shí)圓寂。佛教界以他生前苦行，寂后形跡與經(jīng)典所載地藏菩薩相合，尊為地藏菩薩應(yīng)化，在神光嶺上建墓安葬，九華山自此被辟為地藏應(yīng)化道場(chǎng)，香火日盛。這里每年定期舉行廟會(huì)，一般都要持續(xù)10天，已經(jīng)成為了全國(guó)性的旅游工程，為海內(nèi)外游人香客所歡送。因?yàn)闀r(shí)間的關(guān)系，我們主要游覽九華街和天臺(tái)景區(qū)。九華街景區(qū)現(xiàn)在我們正走在九華街上。九華街位于芙蓉峰下海拔600米的開闊地帶，四面環(huán)山，是九華山的接待中心。這里是佛國(guó)，也是街市，寺廟、民宅、商店交錯(cuò)分布，一條環(huán)形小街，終日人來(lái)人往，有僧尼，有香客，有游人，還有當(dāng)?shù)氐钠胀ň用瘢麄兏餍衅涫?，既清靜又熱鬧。祗園寺大家現(xiàn)在看到的這座寺院是祗園寺，又名祗園禪寺，初建于明代，是九華山唯一的宮殿式完整寺廟，但整個(gè)建筑并不像宮殿那樣取中軸線對(duì)稱形式，而是曲曲折折，連寺門也偏向一邊。大家先請(qǐng)看寺前的浮雕蓮花甬道，上面刻有古錢幣圖案，表現(xiàn)了僧人對(duì)虛無(wú)縹緲的“七寶蓮池〞琉璃世界的憧憬，象征著釋迦牟尼的圣跡。進(jìn)入寺門后，請(qǐng)看兩邊：兩尊金剛居于左右，一哼一哈，令人生畏。中間是靈官護(hù)法，他額生豎眼，手執(zhí)長(zhǎng)鞭，顯示出他的職責(zé)和佛法不可侵犯。靈官本是道教的神仙，為什么來(lái)到了九華山呢?傳說(shuō)有一天地藏的護(hù)法神韋馱外出巡山，來(lái)了個(gè)不信佛的狀元，用鋼針朝地藏的腿上扎去，看看是不是真身。一扎果然流出血水，那狀元便急忙下山去了。待韋馱回來(lái)問(wèn)明情由后，不顧地藏的勸阻，偷偷下山追到五溪橋，一鞭打死了狀元。地藏為此十分生氣，逐走了韋馱，請(qǐng)來(lái)了靈官。至今，五溪橋頭仍有“狀元墳〞遺跡作為這個(gè)傳說(shuō)的佐證。肉身寶殿大家現(xiàn)在來(lái)到的是著名的肉身寶殿。1200多年前，高僧金喬覺常到神光嶺上誦經(jīng)，晏坐。唐貞元十年(公元794年)，金喬覺圓寂，依浮屠之法，坐殮缸內(nèi)，安置于南臺(tái)〔西嶺〕。因當(dāng)時(shí)地發(fā)神光，此地便改名為神光嶺了。三年后開缸，其遺體綿軟，顏貌如生，撼其骨節(jié)有金鎖般響聲，以佛經(jīng)所示，乃菩薩應(yīng)世，遂立三級(jí)小浮屠供奉，尊為地藏王菩薩，以后又外筑高殿，木塔寵護(hù)。肉身殿在九華山的廟宇中，可謂是最具特色的建筑了，這“殿中有塔，塔中有缸，缸中有肉身〞的結(jié)構(gòu)實(shí)屬罕見。天臺(tái)景區(qū)我們現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)進(jìn)入天臺(tái)景區(qū)。天臺(tái)景區(qū)位于九華山的東南方，以登高覽盛為特色，九華頂峰多匯于此。天臺(tái)峰海拔1325米，略低于十王峰，但這里景觀薈萃，古寺重重，歷來(lái)被視作九華頂峰的中心。我們由閔園上天臺(tái)，一步一景，越上越奇。天臺(tái)寺現(xiàn)在映入我們眼簾的是天臺(tái)寺，俗稱萬(wàn)佛樓，又名地藏禪林。于明代初年興建，清代光緒年間重修。天臺(tái)寺第一進(jìn)是彌勒殿，第二進(jìn)是西方三圣殿，第三進(jìn)是大雄寶殿即萬(wàn)佛樓。大家請(qǐng)?zhí)ь^看，殿宇的木梁上密密麻麻地排列著萬(wàn)尊小佛像，千姿百態(tài)，栩栩如生。該寺一無(wú)院落，二五天井，卻寬敞明亮，足見設(shè)計(jì)者頗費(fèi)匠心。殿角小門的崗頭上有一巨大腳印，與東崖上的正好是一對(duì)，那是金喬覺騰空跨兩峰時(shí)留下的圣跡。1982年，香港九龍的信士向天臺(tái)寺捐獻(xiàn)了一只大鼓，天臺(tái)的鐘聲鼓聲便傳遍了九華山的峰峰嶺嶺。到此，今天的行程就全部結(jié)束。非常感謝大家，祝愿大家旅途愉快!AncientVillagesinSouthernAnhuiProvince(皖南古村落)Ladiesandgentlemen，Today，wearegoingtopayavisittoXidiandHongcunVillages．Now，I'dliketobrieflyintroducethesetwowell-knownscenicattractions．XidiandHongcunVillagesaregoodexamplesofSouthernAnhuiProvince’scultureanditsuniqueancientvillages．TheyandothersuchancientvillageshavetheirregionalandculturaloriginsintheregionsouthoftheYangtzeRiverandpossessspecialHuizhouculturalfeatures．Xidivillagehasbeenreputedas“ALivingAncientResidentialMuseum〞,whileHongcunvillageisdescribedas“China’sPicturesqueVillage"．BothwereaddedtoUNESCO’slistofWorldCulturalHeritagesitesin2000．XidiVillageXidiVillageisinsoutheastYixianCounty，AnhuiProvince，with300ancienthousesbuiltintheMingandQingDynasties，124ofwhichareinperfectcondition．Thedesignofthestreetsandlanesandotherhousesfollowstheolderpattern，maintainingthevillage’sancientstyleoflifeandarchitecture．Foreignexpertshavedeclaredthat“theyarethefinestexamplesofancientresidencesunderbestprotectionandpreservation〞andareamongthemostbeautifulvillagesintheworld.〞XidiVillageextends700metersfromeasttowestand300metersfromnorthtosouth，givingittheshapeofalargeboat．ThevillagefirstbecameprominentduringtheMingDynastyJingtaiEmperor'sreignandbecamehighlyprosperousfromthereignoftheMingDynastyJiajingEmperortotheQingDynastyQianlongEmperor'sreign．Thisprosperitywasduetotheeffortsofhigh-rankingofficialsandsuccessfulmerchants．Yet，thestricthierarchyoffeudalsocietywasalsoshownintheconstructionofresidence．Themerchantscouldonlychoosethebestmaterialsandplanmostsophisticatedworkmanshiptoshowofftheirwealthandposition．InXidiVillage，wecanseemanyexamplesoffinestone，brick，andwoodcarvings．TheArchwayofHuWenguangthePrefecturalGovernorThefirstsightthatappearsbeforeuswhenweapproachXidiVillageisahigharchway-theArchwayofHuWenguangthePrefecturalGovernor．ItisthearchwaytothehonorofHuWenguang’smeritsandvirtues．InSouthernAnhuiProvincearchwaysarebuiltfordifferentpurposes，includingloyalty,meritsandvirtues,benevolenceandfilialpiety，andchastity．HuWenguang，anativeofXidiVillage，wonhispositionofcandidateintheprovincialexaminationin1555andwasappointedtheCountyGovernorofWanzaiCounty．Duringhistimeinoffice，heorderedthatthecitywallsbebuilt，setupschools，andcontributedmuchtothebenefitofthelocalpeople．Later，theProvincialGovernorrecommendedthathebeappointedJiaozhou’sPrefecturalGovernorinchargeofoceanicshippingservice．Later，hewaspromotedforseveraltimes．Inthe6thyearofMingDynastyWanliEmperor'sreign，theemperorapprovedoftheestablishmentofthisarchwayinhishometowntorewardhisdevotedserviceandeffortsforthepublicinterest．MansionoftheSenior0fficialWearenowvisitingtheMansionwheretheseniorofficial，HuWenzhaooncelivedin．Itwasbuiltin1619duringtheearlyQingDynastyandhasauniquefeature—adelicateandelegantpavilionextendsfromtheuprightwallclosetothestreet．Thepavilionhangsthere，withaflying-uproofandup-turnedeavesandhasrailsandwindowsalongthreesides．Originally,itwasusedforlandscape-appreciation．Butlater，peopleuseditforsilk-ball-throwing，alocalpracticeformatching-makingbetweenyoungmanandyoungwoman．Suchpracticeisoftendescribedindramasandnovels，asthoseyoungladiesofrichanddecentfamiliescouldonlyarbitrarilydecidetheirmarriagebythrowingsilk-balltoanyonewhocaughtit.Thiswasdonebecauseitwashardforsuchladiestochooseamongsomanysuitors.Youcannowalsotakepartinthisactivityandhaveabitoffundoingso.HongcunVillageNowweareinHongcunvillage.HongcunVillagewasdesignedandconstructedintheshapeofabuffalo.Ifseenonahigherplace,thewholevillageislikeabuffalolyingbesidethestream.Ahillockintheweststandslikeabuffalo’shead;withtwobigtreesastowhorns;fourstonebridgesacrossJiyangRiverarelikethefourlegsofthebuffalo;theblocksofancienthousesinthevillagemakeupthebody;whilea1,000meterlongstreamwindingamongthehousesisjustlikethebowelofthebuffalo;apondintheshapeofahalf-moonisthestomach,andalargerpoolinthesouthofthevillageisthebellyofthebuffalo.Thelocalpeopleusedtheirintelligenceanddiligencetodesignandconstructsuchabuffalo-shapevillage.ChengzhiTang(AmbitionHall)Pleaselookatthebuilding.ItiscalledChengzhiTangandwasbuiltin1855.Itservedastheresidenceofthewell-knownQingDynastysaltmerchant,WangDinggui.Accordingtoanoldlocalsaying,“ThereisnotownbutwithHuizhou-stylebuildingsandthereisnobusinessbutwithmerchantsfromYixianCounty.〞ItisobviousthatYixianCountymenplayedaveryimportantroleintheHuizhoubusinesscommunity.WangDingguiwasashrewdsalttraderandmadelargeprofitsfromit.Inordertohonorhisancestry,Wangconstructedmagnificentresidenceinhishometown.Nowweareinthecenterofthecourtyard,andhereChengzhiTang’smainhall.Thedoorframeandporcharedecoratedwithwoodandbrickcarvingsofvases,ancientplumflowers,theEightImmortals,andthelike.Onthetwosidesofthegatetherearethecarvingsof“CarpJumpingovertheDragonGate〞,symbolizingtheowner’spoliticalambitionsafterhissuccessinthebusinessworld.ThetourofXidiandHongcunvillagesnowhascometoanend.Thankyouall.IhopeyoucanrememberthebeautyoftheancientvillagesinSouthernAnhuiProvinceandexpectyouwillcomebacktovisithereagain.各位朋友，大家好!我們將前往西遞和宏村景區(qū)游覽。先簡(jiǎn)單介紹一下這兩個(gè)著名的古村落。西遞和宏村是皖南古村落中最具有代表性的兩座古村落，是皖南地域文化的典型代表。現(xiàn)在我們所指的皖南古村落是指安徽省長(zhǎng)江以南山區(qū)地域范圍內(nèi)，具有共同地域文化背景的歷史傳統(tǒng)村落，具有強(qiáng)烈的徽州文化特色。西遞有“中國(guó)古民居博物館〞之稱，宏村那么有“中國(guó)畫里的鄉(xiāng)村"之譽(yù)。2000年，它們被聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織列入世界文化遺產(chǎn)名錄。西遞村西遞村位于安徽省黟縣東南，村中300幢民居絕大多數(shù)是明清時(shí)修建，保存完好的有124幢，街巷布局依然如故，風(fēng)貌古樸，被國(guó)外一些建筑專家譽(yù)為“世界上保護(hù)完好的古民居建筑群〞、“世界上最美的村鎮(zhèn)〞。西遞村東西長(zhǎng)700米，南北寬300米，平面呈船形。它開展于明朝景泰年間，明嘉靖至清乾隆時(shí)期到達(dá)鼎盛。西遞之所以興旺，主要是因?yàn)榇逯袑页龈吖俸透簧?，聚集了大量的?cái)富，有了較雄厚的經(jīng)濟(jì)根底。但是在封建社會(huì)，建筑府第宅院是有嚴(yán)格的等級(jí)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的，徽商只能盡可能的選用上好的石頭、木材，在精雕細(xì)刻上下功夫，并以此作為炫耀財(cái)富和地位的手段。所以在西遞，精美的石雕、磚雕、木雕隨處可見。胡文光刺史坊大家看，前面就是西遞村，村頭迎面矗立的一座高大的石牌坊，叫胡文光刺史坊。這是一座功德牌坊。順便介紹一下，在徽州，牌坊分為忠義、功德、慈孝、貞潔四類。胡文光，西遞村人，于明代嘉靖三十四年〔公元1555年〕中舉，擔(dān)任過(guò)萬(wàn)載縣縣令，筑城墻、修學(xué)校，做了不少利國(guó)利民的好事。后經(jīng)巡撫推薦，擔(dān)任了膠州刺史兼理海運(yùn)。后來(lái)又被屢次提升。明萬(wàn)歷年間，皇帝批準(zhǔn)胡文光的鄉(xiāng)親在此立這座功德牌坊，以表達(dá)胡文光在任期間對(duì)民眾做的好事。大夫第大家現(xiàn)在參觀的是大夫第。它建于清康熙三十年(公元1619年)，為朝列大夫胡文照故居。大夫第有個(gè)突出的特點(diǎn)，就是在臨街墻的平面，懸空挑出一座小巧玲瓏、古樸典雅的亭閣式建筑。閣頂飛檐翹角，三面有欄桿、排窗，顯得突兀別致。這座懸閣危樓原本是用于觀景的，但后來(lái)人們便把它作為拋彩球的繡樓了。拋繡球這種事，大家在小說(shuō)和戲劇中都看到過(guò)的。大多是這些待守閨中的小姐，或者因求婚者多，且多有權(quán)勢(shì)，如何抉擇左右為難，或者是因待守少女擇婚主張與父母意見不合，愛女也許早有意中人，于是便出現(xiàn)了拋彩球選婿這種戲劇性做法?，F(xiàn)在有興趣的朋友也可以參與一下，看看自己的運(yùn)氣如何。宏村不知不覺，我們已經(jīng)步入了宏村。宏村是一座“牛形村"，整個(gè)村莊從高處看，宛假設(shè)一頭斜臥山前溪邊的青牛。西邊的雷崗巍巍而立，宛如“牛首〞；村口的兩棵參天古樹恰似“牛角"；前后四座橫跨吉陽(yáng)水的橋梁正如“牛腿〞；村中數(shù)百幢明清古建筑，猶如臥牛盤踞；一條千米之長(zhǎng)的水渠環(huán)繞全村，盤曲流經(jīng)各家各戶，這是“牛腸〞；村中一半月形池塘，那就是“牛胃"；村南有一較大水面南湖，那是“牛肚"。宏村人用自己的智慧和辛勤的汗水，做活、做絕了牛形村，創(chuàng)造了絕妙的田園風(fēng)光。承志堂大家請(qǐng)看這座建筑，這是承志堂，是清代大鹽商汪定貴的住宅，建于清咸豐五年(公元1855年)。有句古語(yǔ)叫“無(wú)徽不成鎮(zhèn)，無(wú)黟不成商〞，可見“黟縣幫〞當(dāng)年在徽商中的重要位置。據(jù)說(shuō)汪定貴為人精明，經(jīng)營(yíng)鹽業(yè)發(fā)了大財(cái)，為了光宗耀祖，便在家鄉(xiāng)大興土木，建造豪華住宅?，F(xiàn)在我們到了院內(nèi)正中，是承志堂正堂。先讓我們看看它的門罩，門樓上的雕刻，同別的庭院一樣，有磚雕花瓶、古梅、八仙等。八字門樓的兩邊，刻有“鯉魚跳龍門〞，反映了房主在占有大量財(cái)富后企求政治上飛黃騰達(dá)的愿望。西遞和宏村之旅到此就要結(jié)束了，感謝大家，希望大家能記住皖南古村落的秀美，有空再來(lái)看看。HenanProvince河南省AGlimpseoftheProvince(本省簡(jiǎn)介)|HenanProvinceislocatedineasterncentralChina，ontheplainbetweentheYellowandHuaiherivers.SincemostofHenanissouthoftheYellowRiver，whichrunsforover700kmthroughtheprovince，itwasgiventhenameHenan(SouthoftheRiver)．NeighboringHebei，Shaanxi，Hubei，AnhuiandShandongprovinces，Henancoversanareaof167,000squarekilometers．Locatedbetweenthenorthernsub-tropicalzoneandwarmtemperatezone，Henanhasfourdistinctiveseasonswithcomplicatedweatherconditionscharacterizedbyhotandrainysummers．SouthemHenanisinthenorthernsub-tropicalzone．Theprovince’saverageyearlytemperatureis13℃-15℃，theaverageannualrainfallis570-1,120milimeters,andhasonaverage275to308frost-freedaysayear.HenanProvinceisinthetransitionalareabetweenthesecondandthirdstepsofChina’sfour-stepterrainrisingfromeasttowest，withrollingmountainsover1,000metersabovesealevelinitswesternpartandplainareathatisnomorethan100metersabovesealevelinitseast．The2,413.8-meter-highLaoyachaPeak，whichislocatednearLingbaoCity，isHenan’shighestmountain．Theprovince’slowestpoint,23.2meters，islocatedattheplacewheretheHuaiheRiver1eavestheprovince．Highinthewestandlowintheeast，eveninthenorthandconcaveinthesouth，Henanissurroundedbyfourmountainranges，theTaihang,Funiu，TongbaiandDabie,whichstandinitsnorth,westandsouth，leavingsubsidencebasinshereandthere.InitsmiddleandeasternpartsthereisavastfluvialplaincreatedbytheYellow,HuaiheandHaiherivers．Mountainousregionscomprise44.3%ofitstotalarea，andtheplains，55.7％．FourriversrunacrossHenan，theYellowRiver,HuaiheRiver,WeiheRiverandHanshuiRiver,withtheHuaiheRivervalleycoveringup53％oftheprovince．TourismResourcesAsoneofthemajorbirthplacesoftheChinesecivilization,severalepoch-makingarcheologicaldiscoverieshavebeenmadeinHenan，includingthePeiligangCultureSitedatingback7,000years，the6,000-year-oldYangshaoCultureSite，andthe5,000-year-oldDaheCultureSite．Morethan20ancientChinesedynastieshaveestablishedtheircapitalsinHenan．ThreeofChina’ssevengreatancientcapitalsarelocatedinHenan：Anyang,theShangDynasty’scapital，Luoyang，thecapitalofninedynasties，andKaifeng，thecapitalofsevendynasties．ThreeofancientChina’sfourgreatinventions，thecompass，paper-makingandgunpowder，weremadeinHenan．MoreundergroundculturalrelicsarelocatedinHenanthaninanyotherplacesinChinaandtheprovincerankssecondhighestwithrespecttothenumberofculturalrelicsontheground．TheYellowRiver，withnumerousancientrelicsandscenicattractions,providesHenananotherrichtouristresource．LocalSnacksNotablelocalsnacksanddishesincludeLiyuBeimian(carpcoveredwithbakednoodlesinsweetandsoursauce)，LuoyangShuixi(feasthighlightedbyLuoyangstylesoup),SonggongMiangao(pastryoriginatingfromtheSongDynastyImperialPalace)．LocalCultureYuju(HenanOpera)isthemostimportantoperagenre；otheroperasincludeQuju,YueDiao,andtheHenanbangzi.SpecialLocalProductsThetraditionalspecialtiesareBianjingroastduck,KaifengHenanembroidery,XinyangMaojianTea,andRuyangDukangWine.TherearealsomanyfamousspecialtiesproducedinHenanProvince,suchasYuanyangrice,XinzhengChinesedate,Kaifengwater-melon,QixianandZhongmougarlic,Xinyangpalecolouredtipsandchestnut,XixiaChinesegooseberry,Lingbaoapple,JiaozuoyamandLuoyangpeonyflowers.Amongthesespecialties,theLuoyangpeonyflowersarefamousnotonlyinChina,butacrosstheworldaswell．TourismCityZhengzhouisthecapitalofHenanprovince．ItisofgreatstrategicimportanceinChinaasthe“Hinterlandofninedivisionsandthoroughfareoftenprovinces〞．WiththeYellowRivertothenorthandtheSongshanMountaintothewest,ZhengzhousitsastridetheHuanghuaiPlain.Luoyangisrenownedforitshistoryandservedasthecapitalof13dynasties．ItisrecognizedastheCapitalofPoemsforitsnumerousliteratiandtheCapitalofFlowersforitspeonyflowers．DuringtheSongDynasty(960-1279A.D.),KaifengwasnotonlyChina’spolitical,economicandculturalcenter,butalsooneofthemostprosperousinternationalcapitals．Asyouwalkaboutitsancientstreetstoday,youcanstillseemanytracesofthisearlierprosperity.AttractionRecommendationDuetoitscentralpositioninChinesehistory,Henanhasanabundanceoftouristsitesandattractions．TheplacesofinterestincludeSongshanandJigongMountains,theEasternZhouDynasty(770-256B.C.)ImperialMausoleum,WhiteHorseTempleinLuoyang,LongmenGrottoes,ChancellorTempleinKaifeng,ShaolinTempleinDengfeng,ZhongyueTemple,SongyangandYingtianAcademiesofClassicalLearning,andDufuandXuanZangformerresidences．河南省位于中國(guó)的中東部,處于黃河與淮河之間的平原上。黃河貫穿河南達(dá)700千米,因?yàn)榇缶植康貐^(qū)位于黃河之南,所以稱為河南。河南占地167000平方千米,近鄰河北、陜西、湖北、安徽以及山東。河南省屬北亞熱帶與暖溫帶過(guò)渡區(qū)氣候,具有四季清楚、雨熱同期、復(fù)雜多樣的特點(diǎn)。南部屬北亞熱帶,全省年平均氣溫為13℃~15℃,年平均降水量570~1120毫米。全年無(wú)霜期275～308天。河南地處我國(guó)地勢(shì)第二階梯向第三階梯的過(guò)渡帶,西部山地綿延起伏,海拔高千米以上,東部為平原,海拔在百米之下。靈寶市的老鴉岔為全省最頂峰,海拔高度為2413.8米,海拔最低處為淮河出省處,僅23.2米。河南省地勢(shì)西高東低、北坦南凹,北、西、南三面有太行山、伏牛山、桐柏山、大別山四大山脈環(huán)繞,間有陷落盆地,中部和東部為遼闊的黃淮海沖積大平原。山區(qū)丘陵面積占44．3％,平原面積占55．7％。境內(nèi)有黃河、淮河、衛(wèi)河、漢水四大水系,其中淮河流域面積53％。旅游資源河南是華夏文明的主要發(fā)祥地之一。在河南已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)的7000年前的裴李崗文化遺址、6000年前的仰韶文化遺址和5000年前的大河文化遺址,在中華民族的開展史上均有劃時(shí)代的意義。在中華民族數(shù)千年的文明史中,先后有20多個(gè)朝代在此建都或遷都。中國(guó)已確定的七大古都河南有其三,即殷商古都安陽(yáng)、九朝古都洛陽(yáng)和七朝古都開封。中國(guó)古代四大創(chuàng)造中的指南針、造紙、火藥三大技術(shù)均創(chuàng)造于河南。河南地下文物居全國(guó)第一位,地上文物居全國(guó)第二位。眾多的文物古跡和著名的黃河等自然風(fēng)光構(gòu)成了河南豐富的旅游資源。風(fēng)味食品糖醋熘鯉魚焙面,洛陽(yáng)“水席",宋宮面,小籠灌湯包子,“套四寶〞。地方文藝豫劇是河南最大劇種。此外還有曲劇、越調(diào)、河南梆子。地方特產(chǎn)河南特產(chǎn)名食有汴京烤鴨,名酒有汝陽(yáng)杜康酒,其他農(nóng)特產(chǎn)有碧綠清香、中國(guó)十大名茶之一的信陽(yáng)毛尖等。此外,河南有很多名優(yōu)特產(chǎn)品,如原陽(yáng)大米、新鄭大棗、開封西瓜、杞縣及中牟大蒜和板栗、西峽獼猴桃、靈寶蘋果、焦作四大懷藥等。洛陽(yáng)牡丹著名中外。主要旅游城市鄭州為河南省會(huì),地處中華腹地,九州之中,十省通衢,北臨黃河,西依嵩山,東、南接黃淮平原。河南洛陽(yáng)是一座歷史悠久的文化名城,從夏朝以來(lái)，有13個(gè)王朝在此建都。洛陽(yáng)因文人云集而得名“詩(shī)都〞，又因牡丹花香氣四溢而被名為“花都〞。開封曾為宋都，直到今天，走在舊時(shí)的宋都御街上，仍能想象當(dāng)時(shí)店鋪林立，車水馬龍的熱鬧景象。主要推薦景點(diǎn)河南省具有豐富的旅游資源，包括上古文化遺址、太昊陵、東周王陵、北宋皇陵，還有蘇秦故里、玄奘故里、杜甫故里、白馬寺、少林寺、相國(guó)寺、龍門石窟等古跡值得一游，洛陽(yáng)太學(xué)、嵩陽(yáng)書院、應(yīng)天府書院等古代學(xué)府墨香猶存。LongmenGrottoes(龍門石窟)Ladiesandgentlemen，WelcometoLongmenGrottoes．TheyarelocatedinthesouthofLuoyangCity．TheyarebetweenMountXiangandMountLongmenandfaceYiRiver．LongmenGrottoes，YungangCavesandMogaoCavesareregardedasthethreemostfamoustreasurehousesofstoneinscriptionsinChina．Thegrottoeswerestartedaroundtheyear494whenEmperorXiaowenoftheNorthernWeiDynasty(386-534A.D.)movedthecapitaltoLuoyang．Workonthemcontinuedforanother400yearsuntiltheNorthernSongDynasty(960-1127A.D.)．ThefirstcavesofLongmenwereexcavatedin494，the12thyearoftheNorthernWeiDynastyXiaowenEmperor'sreign．Thegrottoesextendforsome1,000meters(about1,094yards)fromnorthtosouth．Theycontainover2,300holesandniches，2,800steles，40stupas，1,300cavesand97,000sculpturedfiguresthathavesurvivedthetestoftime．MostoftheseworksdatefromtheNorthernWeiDynastyandtheflourishingageoftheTangDynasty(618-907A.D.)．Lotsofhistoricalmaterialsconcerningart,music,religion,calligraphy,medicine,costumeandarchitecturearestoredintheLongmenGrottoes．FengxianTempleFengxianTemplewasbuiltintheTangDynastyanditisthelargestgrottoinLongmenGrottoeswithawidthof36meters(about118feet)andalengthof41meters(about136feet)．ThereareninemajorfiguresofvariousfacialappearancesandtemperamentsinthetemplethatwerebuiltinaccordancewithBuddhistritesbytheartists．ThemostimpressivefigureisthestatueofVairocanaBuddhasittingcross-leggedontheeight-squarelotusthrone．Itis17.14metres(about56feet)high；theheadaloneisfourmeters(about13feet)high，andtheearsarenearly2meters(about6feet)long．Vairocanameansilluminatingallthingsinthesutra．TheBuddhahasawell-filledfigure，asacredandkindlyexpressionandanelegantsmile．Accordingtotherecordontheepigraph，theEmpressWuZetiantogetherwithhersubjectstookpartintheceremonyofIntroducingtheLight(aBuddhistblessingthattheBuddhaopensthespirituallightofhimselfandsharesitwithothers)．AtthesidesofVairocanatherearetwostatuesofVairocanaBuddha’sdisciples，KasyapaandAnanda，wearingprudentanddevoutexpressions.ThefiguresofBodhisattvasandDevascanalsobefoundinthetemple．Somehavedignifiedandgenialexpressions，whileothersaremajesticandfiery.ThevariousappearancesanddelicatedesignsaretherepresentationsoftheTangEmpire’spowerfulmaterialandspiritualstrengthandthewisdomofitspeople.WanfocaveTheWanfoCavewhichwascompletedin680，isatypicalcaveoftheTangDynastyoftworoomsandsquareflatroofs．Itsnameisduetothe15,000smallstatuesofBuddhachiseledinthesouthernandnorthernwallsofthecave．ThemainBuddhaAmidasitsonthelotusthrone，havingacomposedandsolemnface．ThewallbehindAmidaiscarvedwith54lotuses，uponwhichthereare54Bodhisattvasindifferentshapesandwithvariousexpressions．Inaddition，veryprettyandcharminglifelikesingersanddancersarealsochiseledonthewall．Thesingersareaccompaniedbyvariouskindsofinstrumentsandthedancersdancelightlyandgracefullytothemusic，givingthecavealivelyandcheerfulatmosphere．A85centimeterhighstatueofKwan-yinholdingapurebottleinhislefthandandadeer’stail—asymbolofbrushingoffthedustinSpirit—inrighthandisoncave’ssouthernoutsiderwall．ThisfigureiswelldesignedandisregardedastheLongmenGrottoes’bestexampleofaTangDynastyBodhisattvastatue.GuyangCaveGuyangCaveistheoldestcaveinLongmenGrottoes．Therearethreetiersofnichesonthenorthernandsouthernwallofthecave，inwhicharehundredsofstatues，andmostofthestatuesareengravedwiththenamesoftheartists，thedatesandthereasonsforcarvingthem．ThesculpturesareofdiverseshapesandpatternsthatarerepresentationsoftheGandharaArtstyleafterthegrottoarttransmittedtoLuoyang.AstatureofSakyamuniissituatedinthemiddleandisnearly8meters(about26feet)high.NineteenofthemostfamousTwentyCalligraphiesarefoundinGuyangCave.TheTwentyCalligraphiesrepresenttheWeistylesteles,whicharetheLongmenGrottoes’basicstelecalligraphies.BinyangCaveAfterconstructingtheGuyangCave,theroyaltyoftheNorthernWeiDynastycarvedoutaseriesoflargerscalecaves,whicharethenorthern,southern,andmiddleBinyangCaves.Themiddlecavetookthelongesttimetocomplete(from500to523)andistheonlyoneofthethreefinishedduringNorthernWeiperiod.Thereare11bigstatuesinthecave.Sakyamuniisofdignifiedandsereneappearance,whilethisdiscipleandBodhisattvaareofslenderfigureandelegantlook,whicharethetypicalstyleofthelateNorthernWeiDynasty.Thefloorisengravedwithlotuspatternsandontherooftopisaflourishinglotusflowerrelief.LotusCave(LianhuaCave)ChiseledgrottoesonthebaseofthenaturallimestonecavesarealsoseeninLongmen,andtheLotusCaveisoneofthem.Unlikethesittingstatues,Sakyamuniisofstandingfigure,showingthathehastrudgedalongdistancetodevelopBuddhismfromIndiatoChina.Ahugereliefofawellsculptedlotusflowerisengravedonthedome,withaseedbudinthecenterandpetalsofhoneysucklepatterscirclingaround.Aroundthelotusaresixflyingmusicianswithvividgestures,asiftheyaredancingalongwiththemelodiesofthemusic.XiangshanTempleXiangshanTemple，whichisrankedthefirstamongLongmenGrottoes’tentemples，issituatedinthemid