英譯漢長(zhǎng)篇翻譯(七)

英譯漢（七）12.27Exercises2Howcananyonehopetobeaqualifiedteacher,whodoesn’tknowwhatthestudentsarethinkinganddemanding?Einstein,whoworkedoutthefamousTheoryofRelativity,wontheNovelPrizein1921.Itisbelievedthatworrycanmakeaperson’shairturngrayovernight.ImustmakefulluseofthetimelefttomeanddoasmuchasIcanforthepeople.Electroniccomputers,whichhavemanyadvantages,can’tcarryoutcreativeworkandcompletelyreplacepeople.Theyturnedadeafeartoourdemands,whichenraged(激怒)allofus.Hewishestowriteanarticle,whichwillattractpublicattentiontotheairpollutioninthiscity.Iknockedatthedooroftheredhouse,whichopenedrightaway.Mymotherdiedinher88thyear,amightyage(高齡)foronewhoat40wassodelicateofbodyastobethoughtaninvalid(體弱多病的)destinedto（注定）passaway.Kantwasfondoftalking,butpreferredtotalkalone,andifinterruptedorcontradicted(反駁)wasaptto(傾向于)showdispleasure;hisconversation,however,wassoagreeablethatnonemindedifhemonopolized(壟斷)it.復(fù)合句（從句）翻譯A.名詞性從句的翻譯（主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)從句的翻譯）：名詞性從句的翻譯相對(duì)簡(jiǎn)單，其位置在漢語(yǔ)中可以不用改變。Whathetoldmewasonlyhalf-truth.他告訴我的只是半真半假的東西而已。Itdoesn’tmakemuchdifferencewhetherheattendsthemeetingornot.

他參不參加會(huì)議都沒(méi)多大關(guān)系。Iunderstandthatheiswellqualified,butIfeelthatheneedsmoreexperience.我知道他完全夠條件，但我覺(jué)得他需要更多的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。Thisiswheretheshoepinches.

這就是問(wèn)題的癥結(jié)所在。HeexpressedthehopethathewouldcomeovertovisitChinaagain.他表示希望能再來(lái)中國(guó)訪問(wèn)。Yet,fromthebeginning,thefactthatIwasalivewasignored.然而從一開(kāi)始，我仍活著這個(gè)事實(shí)卻偏偏被忽視了。Exercises:Whateverhesawandheardonhistripgavehimaverydeepimpression.Whoevercomestoourpublicreferencelibrarywillbewelcome.Itdoesn’tmakemuchdifferencewhetherheattendsthemeetingornot.Itseemedinconceivablethatthepilotcouldhavesurvivedthecrash.Itisstrangethatsheshouldhavefailedtoseeherownshortcomings.

他此行所見(jiàn)所聞都給他留下了深刻的印象。什么人到我們公共圖書館來(lái)參觀都可以。他參不參加會(huì)議都沒(méi)多大關(guān)系。駕駛員在飛機(jī)墜毀后竟能生還，真是不可思議。真奇怪，她竟然沒(méi)有看出自己的缺點(diǎn)。Itakeitforgrantedthatyouwillcomeandtalkthematteroverwithhim.IregarditasanhonorthatIamchosentoattendthemeeting.Wehavenodefiniteinformationyetastowhichroutehewilltake.Hisviewofthepresswasthatthereporterswereeitherforhimoragainsthim.Shehadnoideawhyshethoughtofhimsuddenly.Theywereverysuspiciousoftheassumptionthathewouldratherkillhimselfthansurrender.

我理所當(dāng)然地認(rèn)為，你會(huì)回來(lái)跟他談這件事的。我被選參加會(huì)議，感到十分榮幸。關(guān)于他走那條路線，我們還沒(méi)有確切消息。他對(duì)新聞界的看法是，記者們不是支持他，就是反對(duì)他。她不明白自己為什么突然想到了他。對(duì)于他寧愿自殺也不投降這種假設(shè)，他們是很懷疑的。名詞性從句的翻譯小技巧：一個(gè)翻譯名詞從句的常用方法是使用冒號(hào)來(lái)引導(dǎo)，或有這個(gè)含義的詞如“即”“這樣”“這種”等：Butconsideringrealistically,wehadtofacethefactthatourprospectswerelessthangood.

但是現(xiàn)實(shí)地考慮一下，我們不得不承認(rèn)這樣一個(gè)事實(shí)：我們的前景并不妙。Andtherewasthepossibilitythatasmallelectricalsparkmightaccidentallybypassthemostcarefullyplannedcircuit.而且總是有這種可能性---一個(gè)小小的電火花，可能會(huì)意外地繞過(guò)了最為精心設(shè)計(jì)的線路。Hepouredintohiswritingallthepainsofhislifeandtheconvictionithadbroughttohimthattheworldcouldbemadeabetterplacetoliveiniftheexploitedwouldriseup.他在作品里傾訴了自己一生的痛苦和這種痛苦個(gè)他帶來(lái)的一種信念：如果被剝削的人們起來(lái)反抗，世界就會(huì)變得美好。Thefactthatthegravityoftheearthpullseverythingtowardsthecenteroftheearthexplainsmanythings.Notlongagothescientistsmadeanexcitingdiscoverythatthis“waste”materialcouldbeturnedintoplastics.Therehaslongbeenasuperstition（迷信）

amongmariners（海員）

thatdolphinswillsavedrowningmenbypushingthemtothesurface,orprotectthemfromsharksbysurroundingthemincircles.地球引力把一切東西都吸引向地心這一事實(shí)解釋了許多現(xiàn)象。不久前，科學(xué)家們有了一個(gè)令人振奮的發(fā)現(xiàn)，即可以把這種廢物變?yōu)樗芰?。很久以?lái)，海員中有一種迷信，認(rèn)為海豚會(huì)把快死的人推到水面把他們救起，或者在溺水人周圍形成圓圈，保護(hù)他們不受鯊魚傷害。定語(yǔ)成分、從句的翻譯定語(yǔ)句子A.譯成前置定語(yǔ)(合譯法)把定語(yǔ)從句譯成漢語(yǔ)帶“的”的定語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)，放在被修飾詞之前，從而將復(fù)合句譯成漢語(yǔ)簡(jiǎn)單句。例如：Thepeoplewhoworkedforhimlivedinmortalfearofhim.

在他手下干活的人對(duì)他都怕得要死。Pollutionisapressingproblemwhichwemustdealwith.污染是我們必須解決的一個(gè)迫切問(wèn)題?！癏owcouldagreatpaperliketheWashingtonPost,fullofbrillianteditors,getsoinvolvedinitsownconceitandarrogancetopursueastorywhichitsownstaffwassayingwasfabricatedfromthebeginning?”像《華盛頓郵報(bào)》這樣一家擁有許多出色編輯的大報(bào)，為何自以為是和高傲自大到如此地步，竟然追求一篇連自己的編輯人員從一開(kāi)始也認(rèn)為是虛構(gòu)的報(bào)道？”Exercises:Hewroteabook,whichisabouteconomics.ThisisthereasonwhyIamnotinfavorofrevising(修改)theplan.Whendeeplyabsorbedinwork,whichheoftenwas,hewouldforgetallabouteatingandsleeping.Thesun,whichhadhiddenallday,nowcameoutinallitssplendor(光芒).ButMiggle’slaugh,whichwasveryinfectious(有感染力的),brokethesilence.他寫了一本經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)方面的書。這就是我不贊成修改計(jì)劃的原因。他常常聚精會(huì)神地做工作，這時(shí)他會(huì)廢寢忘食。整天躲在云層里的太陽(yáng)，現(xiàn)在又光芒四射地露面了。但密格爾的富有感染力的笑聲打破了寂靜。B.譯成并列分句（分譯法）如果定語(yǔ)從句太長(zhǎng)，譯成前置定語(yǔ)顯得太長(zhǎng)而且不符合漢語(yǔ)表達(dá)習(xí)慣，往往可以譯成后置的并列分句。Afuelisamaterialwhichwillburnatareasonabletemperatureandproduceheat.燃料是一種物質(zhì)，在適當(dāng)溫度下能燃燒并放出熱量。Wewillputofftheoutinguntilnextweek,whenwewon’tbesobusy.我們把郊游推遲到下星期，到那時(shí)我們不會(huì)這么忙了。Nearlyeveryoneknowsthestoryof“thedogthatworriedthecatthatcaughttheratthatatethegrainthatlayinthehousethatJackbuilt.”幾乎人人都知道這個(gè)故事：“杰克蓋了房，房里堆了糧，耗子把糧吃光，貓把耗子抓傷，狗又把貓逼上房?！盓xercise:Newtoninventedapaperlantern(燈籠)illuminated(照亮)byacandlewhichhecarriedwithhimtolighthiswaytoschoolondarkwintermorning.Wewillputofftheoutinguntilnextweek,whenwewon’tbesobusy.Inpowerstations,coaloroilisburnedandchangedintoelectricity,whichisthensentovertohomesandfactories.Shewasnotunconscious,ascouldbejudgedfromhereyes.ThetyphooninlastAugustfromwhichsevencountriessufferedagreatlosshasarousedgreatattentionamongscientiststhroughouttheworld.牛頓發(fā)明了一只點(diǎn)蠟燭的紙燈籠，在昏暗的冬天早晨上學(xué)時(shí)便帶著它照路。我們把郊游推遲到下星期，到那時(shí)我們不會(huì)這么忙了。在發(fā)電站里，煤和油燃燒變成電，然后電沿著導(dǎo)線輸送到住家和工廠。她沒(méi)有失去知覺(jué)，這從她的眼睛可以看出來(lái)。去年八月一場(chǎng)臺(tái)風(fēng)使七個(gè)國(guó)家受災(zāi)。目前它已引起全球科學(xué)家的高度重視。C.混合譯法有時(shí)根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)的表達(dá)習(xí)慣，可以把原句中的主語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)從句溶合在一起譯成一個(gè)獨(dú)立的句子。這種方法比較適合翻譯限制性定語(yǔ)從句和“Therebe”結(jié)構(gòu)中含有的定語(yǔ)從句。Therearemanypeoplewhowanttoapplyfortheposition.有很多人想應(yīng)聘這個(gè)崗位。Fortunatelytherearesomechemicalfuelsthatarecleanandsmokeless.幸好有些化學(xué)燃料是潔凈無(wú)煙的。Weusedaplaneofwhichalmosteverypartcarriedsomeidentificationofnationalidentity.我們駕駛的飛機(jī)幾乎每一個(gè)部件都有國(guó)籍的某些標(biāo)志。D．譯成狀語(yǔ)從句英語(yǔ)中有些定語(yǔ)從句，兼有狀語(yǔ)從句的職能，在意義上與主句有狀語(yǔ)關(guān)系，說(shuō)明原因、結(jié)果、目的、讓步、假設(shè)等關(guān)系。翻譯時(shí)應(yīng)善于從原文的字里行間發(fā)現(xiàn)這些邏輯關(guān)系，然后譯成漢語(yǔ)各種相應(yīng)的偏正復(fù)句。Mancan’tliveonthemoon,wherethereisnoairorwater.人不能在月球上生活，因?yàn)槟抢餂](méi)有空氣和水。（譯成原因狀語(yǔ)從句）Electricalenergythatissuppliedtoalampcanbeturnedintolightenergy.

當(dāng)把電供給電燈時(shí)，它就會(huì)變成光能。（譯成時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句）Nothingisdifficultintheworldforanyone,whodarestoscaletheheight.世上無(wú)難事，只要肯登攀。（譯成條件狀語(yǔ)從句）Exercises:Themanufactureofthisequipmentisaverycomplexone,whichtookusalotoftime.Hewishestowriteanarticle,whichwillattractpublicattentiontotheairpollutioninthiscity.HelikesMissNancyverymuch,whodespises(鄙視)him.Theharshtestisexpectedtocometodayorearlynextweekwhenabill(法案)goesbeforetheU.S.CongressforapprovalofthesaleofUS$60millionworthofsparepartstoTaiwan.這一儀器的生產(chǎn)非常復(fù)雜，結(jié)果花了我們很多時(shí)間。他想寫一篇文章，以此來(lái)引起公眾對(duì)這座城市空氣污染的關(guān)注。盡管南希小姐很討厭他，他卻很喜歡她。出售價(jià)值六千萬(wàn)美元的零件給臺(tái)灣的法案將在今天或下周初提交美國(guó)國(guó)會(huì)批準(zhǔn)，屆時(shí)嚴(yán)峻的考驗(yàn)就要到來(lái)了。E.特種定語(yǔ)從句的翻譯特種定語(yǔ)從句主要是指由which或as引導(dǎo)的