【英語】河南省開封市開封五縣聯(lián)考2023-2024學(xué)年高二上學(xué)期12月月考試題(解析版)

河南省開封市開封五縣聯(lián)考2023-2024學(xué)年高二上學(xué)期12月月考英語試題第一部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項(xiàng)A、B、C、D中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)ATopSummerMathProgramsforHighSchoolStudentsCanada/USAMathcampThissummerprogramoffersgiftedhighschoolstudentsthechanceto“l(fā)iveandbreathe”mathematics.Throughouttheprogram,studentsexploreundergraduate-andgraduate-levelmathematicaltopics.Theydesigntheirowncurriculumbychoosingtheirownclassesandlearnfromprofessionalmathematiciansintheprocess.Mathcampersalsogettheopportunitytogohiking,whitewaterrafting(漂流),rockclimbingandmuchmore.Cost:$4,500(Financialaidisavailable,andtheprogramisfreeforfamilieswithhouseholdincomesunder$65,000)Location:OhioStateUniversityRossMathematicsProgramTheprogramfocusesononecentralmathematicalconcept—numbertheory.Participantsspendtheentiresummersolvingproblemsetsrelatedtointegers(整數(shù))andtheirproperties.Thisprocessprovidesagreatfoundationforstudentsinterestedinconductingmathematicalresearchinthefuture.Cost:$6,000(Financialaidisavailable)Location:twocampuses(Columbus,Ohio8.TerreHaute,Indiana)PrograminMathematicsforYoungScientists(PROMYS)Foroverthreedecades,PROMYShasbeenaplaceofmathematicalexplorationfortalentedhighschoolstudents.Studentsinthisprogramattendseminarsonadvancedmathematicaltopics.Theyalsogetthechancetoparticipateinresearchprojectsundertheguidanceofprofessionalmathematicians.Cost:$5,500(Financialaidisavailable,andtheprogramisfreeforUSfamilieswithhouseholdincomesunder$60,000)Location:BostonUniversityStanfordUniversityMathCamp(SUMaC)Studentsinthisprogramchoosebetweentwocourses—algebraictopology(代數(shù)拓?fù)鋵W(xué))andabstractalgebra&.numbertheory.Bothtopicsaremajorareasofmodernmathematicalresearch.Inbothcourses,studentsengageindailyproblemsets,workwithStanfordgraduatestudentsandattendlecturesfrommathematicians.Cost:$3,250(Financialaidisavailable)Location:online1.Whichprogramallowstheparticipantstogoonfieldtrips?A.SUMaC. B.PROMYS.C.RossMathematicsProgram. D.Canada/USAMathcamp.2.WhatcantheparticipantsofPROMYSdo?A.Conductlabresearchindependently. B.Getprofessionalguidanceonresearch.C.Attendonlineseminarsonmathbasics. D.InteractwithStanfordgraduatestudents.3.Howdoesthelastprogramdifferfromtheotherthree?A.Studentsfocusononeconcept. B.Itisintendedforgiftedstudents.C.StudentsattenditontheInternet. D.Itistotallyfreeforpoorstudents.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了四個暑期數(shù)學(xué)項(xiàng)目的相關(guān)信息?！敬鸢浮?.D2.B3.C1．【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Canada/USAMathcamp部分“Mathcampersalsogettheopportunitytogohiking,whitewaterrafting(漂流),rockclimbingandmuchmore.”（數(shù)學(xué)營員也有機(jī)會去遠(yuǎn)足，激流漂流，攀巖等等。）可知，Canada/USAMathcamp這個項(xiàng)目給參與的學(xué)生提供了戶外活動的機(jī)會。故選D。2．【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)PrograminMathematicsforYoungScientists(PROMYS)中“Theyalsogetthechancetoparticipateinresearchprojectsundertheguidanceofprofessionalmathematicians.”（他們也有機(jī)會在專業(yè)數(shù)學(xué)家的指導(dǎo)下參與研究項(xiàng)目。）可知，參與PROMYS這個項(xiàng)目的學(xué)生可以得到關(guān)于研究方面的專業(yè)指導(dǎo)。故選B。3．【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)四個項(xiàng)目的地點(diǎn)信息，尤其是StanfordUniversityMathCamp(SUMaC)中“Location:online”（地點(diǎn)：線上）可知，SUMaC與其他三個項(xiàng)目的不同之處是它的課程及活動都是在網(wǎng)上進(jìn)行的。故選C。BGrowingupinCanterbury,Scartozzirecallsswimminginriversaspartofherchildhood.Whenshereturnedmanyyearslater,however,shenoticedthingshadchanged.“SomeoftheplaceswhereIcouldswimbeforenowhavesignssaying‘pollutedwater,donotswim’,”shesays.“Iwantedtotakemykidstoplacestoswimbutwecouldn’tbecausethesesignswereup.”Althoughtheexperiencewassadandsurprising,ithasalsoservedasfuelforScartozzi,who’snowfocusingonrestoringthehealthofwaterways.HercompanycalledeCleanEnvirotechisdevelopingtechnologytoremovepollutantsfromwaterwayssuchasrivers,pondsandstreams.Itinvolvesfeedingpollutedwaterintoasystemhousingmicrobes(微生物)thateatorbreakupthepollutants.The“engineered”natureofthetechnology,Scartozziexplains,meansit’sadaptablefordifferentenvironmentconditions.Eachsystemcanbepersonalizedwithitsownunique“soup”ofmicrobestoremovethepollutantsinanywaterwaywhereitisinstalled(安裝).Otheradvantagesofthetechnology,shesays,arethatitcanprocesswaterrelativelyquicklyandthatitcanbeusedtotreatwaterwaysinavarietyofsizesandlocations.Shesaysshehopestocreatecleanerwaterforthebenefitoffuturegenerations.“Mypassionisaroundrestoringthehealthofthesewaterways.AndmypurposeistodoanythingthatIcantoreturnthemtotheirformercondition.That’swhatdrivesmeeveryday.IfIcandoanything,itissothatinthefuture,mykidsandgrandchildrenhavesomewherewheretheycangoswimmingandfishing.”4.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.Scartozziandherkidswerefondofswimming.B.TheexperienceinspiredScartozzitocleanupwaterways.C.Waterwaysintheworldwereunsuitableforswimming.D.Thecompanyfocusesonthedevelopmentofthetechnology.5.Whatisoneadvantageofthetechnology?A.Itisconvenientandeconomic. B.Itcanbeusedinlimitedwaterways.C.Itfunctionsslowlybuteffectively. D.Itssystemisflexibleandefficient.6.WhatisthegoalofScartozzi?A.Tointroducehercompany. B.Toswimandfishintheriver.C.Toregainhealthywaterways. D.Toeducatefuturegenerations.7.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeScartozzi?A.Energetic B.Curious. C.Outgoing. D.Responsible.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了童年經(jīng)常游泳的Scartozzi，因河水受到污染而不能帶孩子在河里游泳，這段經(jīng)歷激發(fā)她帶動自己的公司研發(fā)高科技，把清理河道的污染物、凈化水域作為自己的使命?！敬鸢浮?.B5.D6.C7.D4．【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Althoughtheexperiencewassadandsurprising,ithasalsoservedasfuelforScartozzi,who’snowfocusingonrestoringthehealthofwaterways.(盡管這段經(jīng)歷令人悲傷和驚訝，但它也為Scartozzi提供了動力，他現(xiàn)在正專注于恢復(fù)水道的健康。)”可知，盡管這段經(jīng)歷令人悲傷和驚訝，但是它為Scartozzi提供了動力，她現(xiàn)在的任務(wù)是恢復(fù)水道的健康。故選B項(xiàng)。5．【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“The“engineered”natureofthetechnology,Scartozziexplains,meansit’sadaptablefordifferentenvironmentconditions.(Scartozzi解釋說，這項(xiàng)技術(shù)的“工程化”性質(zhì)意味著它可以適應(yīng)不同的環(huán)境條件。)”可知，這項(xiàng)技術(shù)的系統(tǒng)靈活高效。故選D項(xiàng)。6．【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中“Mypassionisaroundrestoringthehealthofthesewaterway(我的熱情是恢復(fù)這些水道的健康。)”可知，Scartozzi的目標(biāo)是恢復(fù)這些水道的健康。故選C項(xiàng)。7．【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段中“IfIcandoanything,itisinthefuture,mykidsandgrandchildrenhavesomewherewheretheycangoswimmingandfishing(如果我能做什么的話，那就是將來，我的孩子和孫子孫女們有地方可以去游泳和釣魚。)”可知，Scartozzi是為了讓孩子們將來有地方去游泳和釣魚，是出于造福社會的目的，是有社會責(zé)任感的表現(xiàn)。故選D項(xiàng)。CHeartdiseaseisoneofthemajorkillersintheworldtoday.Manywhosufferfromitmusthavehearttransplants(心臟移植).However,it’sdifficulttogetasuitableheartdonation,andeyenifapatientsurvivesthewait,hisorherbodyoftenrejectstheheart.Butthereisnownewhopeforsufferersofheartdisease.AccordingtoastudypublishedinthejournalAdvancedScience,researchersfromIsrael’sTelAvivUniversityprinteda3DhumanheartonApril15.“Thisisthefirsttimeanyoneanywherehassuccessfullyengineeredandprintedanentireheart,”professorTalDvirtoldCNN.Unliketheformer3D-printedheartstructure,thenewheartiscompletewithcells,bloodvessels,chambers(心室)andotherstructuresaheartneedstofunctionnormally.Butscientistsstillhavemoretofigureoutbeforethe3D-printedheartcanbefittedintothebody.Foronething,theexperimentalheartisonlythesizeofathumb.And,althoughitcancontractlikeamuscle,itcannotpumpoutbloodlikearealone.Atpresent,theheartprototype(樣品)islikeatinyairplanethathasalloftherightparts,butcan’tfly.However,thedevelopmentisstillregardedasamajorbreakthroughinmedicine.Intheexperiment,theresearchersturnedhumanfattissueintohumanhearttissuewithstemcelltechnology.Thetissuewasthenturnedinto“bio-ink”fora3Dprintertoensurethattissueintheheartcamefromthepatientsthemselves.Soideally,ifitweretobeplacedinthebodyofsomeoneinneedofatransplant,therewouldbelessriskoforganrejection.“Patientswillnolongerhavetowaitfortransplantsortakemedicationstopreventtheirrejection,”researcherstoldUSAToday.“Instead,theneededheartwillbeprinted,fullypersonalizedforeverypatient.”Butthescientiststhinkthat3Dprintingcanbeusedtocreateotherhumanorgans.Theyforeseeatimewhenthe3Dprintingoforganswillbeaneverydaymedicalpractice.“Maybe,in10years,therewillbeorganprintersinthefinesthospitalsaroundtheworldandtheseprocedureswillbeconductedroutinely,”Dvirsaid.8.Whyisthe3D-printedheartimportant?A.Itwillbeusedonapatient. B.Itwillreplaceaheartdonation.C.Itisthefirst3D-printedheart. D.Ithasacompleteheartstructure.9.Whatproblemdo3D-printedheartshave?A.Theyaretoosmall. B.Theyaretooexpensive.C.Theycan’tcontract. D.Theyarehardtoproduce.10.Whywouldtherebelessriskoforganrejectionwiththe3D-printedheart?A.Itwouldcomefromapatient’sbody.B.Itwouldbemadefromhumanfattissue.C.Itwouldbemadewithstemcelltechnology.D.Itwouldbeprintedaccordingtothepatient’scondition.11.WhatattitudedoesTalDvirholdtowardthefutureof3Dprintingoforgans?A.Doubtful. B.Confident. C.Worried. D.Puzzled.【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了3D打印心臟的發(fā)展、優(yōu)點(diǎn)以及仍然存在的問題。【答案】8.D9.A10.A11.B8．【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Butthereisnownewhopeforsufferersofheartdisease.(但是現(xiàn)在心臟病患者有了新的希望。)”以及第四段中“Unliketheformer3D-printedheartstructure,thenewheartiscompletewithcells,bloodvessels,chambers(心室)andotherstructuresaheartneedstofunctionnormally.(與以前的3D打印心臟的結(jié)構(gòu)不同，新心臟擁有完整的細(xì)胞、血管、腔室和心臟正常運(yùn)作所需的其他結(jié)構(gòu)。)”可知，這個新的3D打印心臟有完整的心臟結(jié)構(gòu)，所以很重要。故選D項(xiàng)。9．【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“ Butscientistsstillhavemoretofigureoutbeforethe3D-printedheartcanbefittedintothebody.Foronething,theexperimentalheartisonlythesizeofathumb.(但在3D打印心臟植入人體之前，科學(xué)家們還有很多問題要解決。首先，實(shí)驗(yàn)心臟只有拇指大小。)”可知，3D打印心臟存在的問題是它們太小。故選A項(xiàng)。10．【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段中“ Thetissuewasthenturnedinto“bio-ink”fora3Dprintertoensurethattissueintheheartcamefromthepatientsthemselves.Soideally,ifitweretobeplacedinthebodyofsomeoneinneedofatransplant,therewouldbelessriskoforganrejection.(然后將組織轉(zhuǎn)化為3D打印機(jī)的‘生物墨水’，以確保心臟中的組織來自患者自己。所以理想情況下，如果把它放在需要移植的人體內(nèi)，器官排斥的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)就會降低。)”可知，3D打印的心臟來自患者的身體所以排斥的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)會更小。故選A項(xiàng)。11．【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中TalDvir所說“Maybe,in10years,therewillbeorganprintersinthefinesthospitalsaroundtheworldandtheseprocedureswillbeconductedroutinely.(也許在10年內(nèi)，世界上最好的醫(yī)院里都會有器官打印機(jī)，這些手術(shù)將成為常規(guī)手術(shù)。)”可知，TalDvir對3D打印器官的未來是有信心的。故選B項(xiàng)。DWhatistheplaceofartinacultureofinattention?RecentvisitorstotheLouvrereportthattouristscannowspendonlyaminuteinfrontoftheMonaLisabeforebeingaskedtomoveon.Muchofthattime,forsomeofthem,isspenttakingphotographsnotevenofthepaintingbutofthemselveswiththepaintinginthebackground.Oneviewisthatwehavemadetourismandgallery-goingsoeasythatwehavemadeiteffectivelyimpossibletoappreciatewhatwe’vetravelledtosee.Inthissociety,experiencebecomesgoodslikeanyother.TherearequeuestoclimbEverestaswellastoseefamouspaintings.Thus,leisureisconsideredashardlabourratherthanrelaxation.Intherapidlydevelopingsociety,whatgetslostisthequalityoflooking.Consideranextremeexample,thelatephilosopherRichardWollheim.WhenhevisitedtheLouvrehecouldspendasmuchasfourhourssittingbeforeapainting.Thefirsthour,heclaimed,wasnecessaryforincorrectimpressiontoberemoved.Itwasonlythenthatthepicturewouldbegintodiscloseitself.Thisseemsunthinkabletoday,butitisstillpossibletoorganise.Eveninthebusiestmuseumstherearemanyroomsandmanypicturesworthhoursofcontemplation(沉思)whichthecrowdslargelyignore.MarcelProust,anotherloveroftheLouvre,wrote:“Itisonlythroughartthatwecanescapefromourselvesandknowhowanotherpersonseesauniversewhichisnotthesameasourownandwhoselandscapeswouldotherwisehaveremainedasunknownasanytheremaybeonthemoon.”Ifanyartremainsworthseeing,itmustleadustosuchescapes.Butaminuteinfrontofapaintinginahurried,harried(煩擾)crowdwon’tdothat.12.WhydoestheauthormentiontheexampleinLouvreinParagraph1?A.ToexpresshisconcernaboutLouvre. B.ToreportthepopularityofMonaLisa.C.Tointroduceagoodplacetotakephotos. D.Toshowadisappointingcurrentsituation.13.WhichofthefollowingwillRichardWollheimagree?A.Peopleneedtoclearuptheirmisunderstandingofpaintings.B.Peoplehavetostayatleast4hourswhenappreciatingpaintings.C.Itisimpossibleformodernpeopletoadmirepaintingsattentively.D.Thelongeroneadmiresthepaintings,themoreunlikelyhelovesthem.14.WhatroledoesartplayinourlifeaccordingtoMarcelProust?A.Artisofhelpforustoacceptourselvesbetter.B.Artmakesourlifemorecolourfulandmeaningful.C.Artallowsustoknowtheworldintheviewofothers.D.Artpushesusawayfromourselvesandexploresthemoon.15.Whichisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.Intoartattentively. B.Escapefromourselves.C.Beyondartcompletely. D.Gotothemuseumsoften.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道，主要講的是在快速發(fā)展的社會中，游客們不能集中注意力很好地欣賞藝術(shù)品，而藝術(shù)是需要專心欣賞的?！敬鸢浮?2.D13.A14.C15.A12．【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“RecentvisitorstotheLouvrereportthattouristscannowspendonlyaminuteinfrontoftheMonaLisabeforebeingaskedtomoveon.Muchofthattime,forsomeofthem,isspenttakingphotographsnotevenofthepaintingbutofthemselveswiththepaintinginthebackground.(最近參觀盧浮宮的游客報(bào)告說，游客現(xiàn)在只能在《蒙娜麗莎》面前呆上一分鐘，然后就會被要求離開。對他們中的一些人來說，大部分時間都花在拍照上，甚至不是為這幅畫拍照，而是以這幅畫為背景給自己拍照。)”和第二段“Oneviewisthatwehavemadetourismandgallery-goingsoeasythatwehavemadeiteffectivelyimpossibletoappreciatewhatwe’vetravelledtosee.(一種觀點(diǎn)是，我們讓旅游和參觀畫廊變得如此容易，以至于我們實(shí)際上不可能欣賞我們旅行所看到的東西。)”可知，作者在第一段提到盧浮宮的例子是為了展示藝術(shù)欣賞令人失望的現(xiàn)狀。故選D。13．【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“WhenhevisitedtheLouvrehecouldspendasmuchasfourhourssittingbeforeapainting.Thefirsthour,heclaimed,wasnecessaryforincorrectimpressiontoberemoved.Itwasonlythenthatthepicturewouldbegintodiscloseitself.Thisseemsunthinkabletoday,butitisstillpossibletoorganise.(當(dāng)他參觀盧浮宮時，他可以在一幅畫前坐上四個小時之久。他說，第一個小時是消除錯誤印象所必需的。只有到那時，情況才開始顯露出來。這在今天看來是不可想象的，但仍有可能組織起來。)”可知，RichardWollheim認(rèn)為第一個小時是消除對藝術(shù)作品錯誤印象所必需的行為，可得出他可能會同意的是人們需要澄清對繪畫的誤解。故選A。14．【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Itisonlythroughartthatwecanescapefromourselvesandknowhowanotherpersonseesauniversewhichisnotthesameasourownandwhoselandscapeswouldotherwisehaveremainedasunknownasanytheremaybeonthemoon.(只有通過藝術(shù)，我們才能逃離自我，才能知道另一個人是如何看待一個與我們自己不同的宇宙的，如果沒有藝術(shù)，這個宇宙的風(fēng)景就會像月球上的風(fēng)景一樣未知。)”可知，MarcelProust認(rèn)為藝術(shù)在我們的生活中讓我們從別人的角度去認(rèn)識世界。故選C。15．【解析】主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段“Whatistheplaceofartinacultureofinattention?RecentvisitorstotheLouvrereportthattouristscannowspendonlyaminuteinfrontoftheMonaLisabeforebeingaskedtomoveon.(在一個注意力不集中的文化中，藝術(shù)的位置是什么？最近參觀盧浮宮的游客報(bào)告說，游客現(xiàn)在只能在《蒙娜麗莎》面前呆上一分鐘，然后就會被要求離開。)”，第二段“Oneviewisthatwehavemadetourismandgallery-goingsoeasythatwehavemadeiteffectivelyimpossibletoappreciatewhatwe’vetravelledtosee.(一種觀點(diǎn)是，我們讓旅游和參觀畫廊變得如此容易，以至于我們實(shí)際上不可能欣賞我們旅行所看到的東西。)”和倒數(shù)第二段“Eveninthebusiestmuseumstherearemanyroomsandmanypicturesworthhoursofcontemplation(沉思)whichthecrowdslargelyignore.(即使在最繁忙的博物館里，也有許多值得人們沉思數(shù)小時的房間和許多畫作，而這些都被人們忽略了。)”可知，本文主要講的是在快速發(fā)展的社會中，游客們不能集中注意力很好地欣賞藝術(shù)品，而藝術(shù)是需要專心欣賞的，因此最好的題目是A選項(xiàng)“Intoartattentively.(用心投入藝術(shù)。)”。故選A。第二節(jié)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)WhyCookingMealsatHomeBenefitsMoreThanJustYourWalletWhenhungerstrikes,theconvenienceofenteringafast-foodrestaurantororderingtakeoutcanbeterriblyattractive.____16____However,whenitbecomesaroutine,yourwaistline,yourwalletandyourhealthcanbebadlyaffected.Herearefourreasonstomakecookingathomeyouroption.·It’scheaper.Youcouldspend$100atafancyrestaurantforonedinner,whilethesameamountofmoneycouldbuyyougroceriesforaweek.Whenyoushopsmartandgetcreative,youneedn’tspendmorethan$1onbreakfast,$2onlunchand$4ondinnertopurchasewholesome,healthyfoods.Here’show:____17____·Itmayreduceyourexposuretocertainchemicals.Themostsurprisingbenefitofcookingathomecandecreasetheamountofharmfulchemicalsyou’reexposedto.____18____Commonintakeoutandfast-foodpackaging,thosechemicalshavebeenassociatedwithmanydiseases.Foodpackagingcanalsocontainotherdamagingcompounds(化合物).·Youcanbetterestimatecalories.____19____Thatiswhypeopletendtoconsumeextracalorieswhendiningawayfromhome.Onthecontrary,youhavecompletecontroloverthefoodmaterialswhenyoucookinyourownkitchen.Choosingfiber-packedvegetablesandmeatcontaininglessfatwillhelpkeepyourcaloriesundercontrol.Sowillthewayyoucookyourfood.Ratherthanfrying,chooseroasting.·____20____Manychefsusealotofsaltwhilecooking.Whilesaltcanmakefoodtastier,toomuchofitislinkedtoserioushealthissueslikeheartdiseaseandhighbloodpressure.Athome,youcancontrolthequantityofsaltonyourplatebyseasoningfoodinotherways,likeusinglemonjuice.Thesamegoesforsugar.Youcanusesmallerquantitiesofnaturalsweetenerslikehoneytoaddsweetnesstoyourfood.Toomuchaddedsugarislinkedtosomediseasesaswell.A.Youcanreduceaddedsaltandsugar.B.Eatingoutcanmakecaloriecountingtricky.C.Buyinlargequantitiesandsticktostore-branditems.D.Saltandsugararebothessentialsincookingdeliciousfoods.E.Relyingonfoodawayfromhomeoccasionallyistotallyacceptable.FPeoplearealwaystooengagedintheirworktocookathomepersonally.G.Peoplecookingathomehavelowerlevelsofdangerouschemicalsintheirbodies.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了在家做飯的好處。【答案】16.E17.C18.G19.B20.A16．【解析】根據(jù)空前內(nèi)容“Whenhungerstrikes,theconvenienceofenteringafast-foodrestaurantororderingtakeoutcanbeterriblyattractive.(當(dāng)饑餓來襲時，進(jìn)入快餐店或叫外賣的便利可能非常有吸引力。)”可知，饑餓的時候叫外賣非常有吸引力。而空后內(nèi)容“However,whenitbecomesaroutine,yourwaistline,yourwalletandyourhealthcanbebadlyaffected.(然而，當(dāng)它成為一種習(xí)慣，你的腰圍，你的錢包和你的健康可能會受到嚴(yán)重影響。)”則表明外賣對我們的錢包、身體都有影響。選項(xiàng)E“Relyingonfoodawayfromhomeoccasionallyistotallyacceptable.(偶爾在外面吃點(diǎn)東西是完全可以接受的。)”承上啟下，承接上文的內(nèi)容，指出偶爾出去吃是可以的；同時引出下文經(jīng)常在外面吃飯并沒有好處。故選E。17．【解析】根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容“Whenyoushopsmartandgetcreative,youneedn’tspendmorethan$1onbreakfast,$2onlunchand$4ondinnertopurchasewholesome,healthyfoods.(當(dāng)你聰明購物并且有創(chuàng)意時，你不需要在早餐上花超過1美元，在午餐上花2美元，在晚餐上花4美元來購買健康的食物。)”可知，上文提到的是其實(shí)不需要花很多錢在吃飯上。而空前內(nèi)容“Here’show(方法如下：)”則暗示，空處為具體操作方法。選項(xiàng)C“Buyinlargequantitiesandsticktostore-branditems.(大量購買，堅(jiān)持購買商店品牌的商品。)”與上文內(nèi)容一致，指的都是聰明購物。故選C。18．【解析】根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容“Themostsurprisingbenefitofcookingathomecandecreasetheamountofharmfulchemicalsyou’reexposedto.(在家做飯最令人驚訝的好處是可以減少你接觸的有害化學(xué)物質(zhì)的數(shù)量。)”可知，在家做飯可以減少你接觸的有害化學(xué)物質(zhì)的數(shù)量。選項(xiàng)G“Peoplecookingathomehavelowerlevelsofdangerouschemicalsintheirbodies.(在家做飯的人體內(nèi)的危險(xiǎn)化學(xué)物質(zhì)含量較低。)”與上文內(nèi)容一致，指的都是在家做飯可以減少接觸有害化學(xué)物質(zhì)。故選G。19．【解析】根據(jù)空后內(nèi)容“Thatiswhypeopletendtoconsumeextracalorieswhendiningawayfromhome.(這就是為什么人們在外出就餐時往往會攝入額外的卡路里。)”可知，空后指的是人們在外面就餐時攝入的卡路里較多。選項(xiàng)B“Eatingoutcanmakecaloriecountingtricky.(外出就餐會讓計(jì)算卡路里變得棘手。)”與下文內(nèi)容一致，指的都是在外面就餐攝入的卡路里較多。故選B。20．【解析】空處為小標(biāo)題，為本段主要內(nèi)容。根據(jù)下文“Manychefsusealotofsaltwhilecooking.Whilesaltcanmakefoodtastier,toomuchofitislinkedtoserioushealthissueslikeheartdiseaseandhighbloodpressure.Athome,youcancontrolthequantityofsaltonyourplatebyseasoningfoodinotherways,likeusinglemonjuice.Thesamegoesforsugar.Youcanusesmallerquantitiesofnaturalsweetenerslikehoneytoaddsweetnesstoyourfood.Toomuchaddedsugarislinkedtosomediseasesaswell.(許多廚師在烹飪時使用大量的鹽。雖然鹽可以使食物更美味，但過多的鹽會導(dǎo)致心臟病和高血壓等嚴(yán)重的健康問題。在家里，你可以通過其他方式調(diào)味食物來控制盤子里的鹽量，比如用檸檬汁。糖也是如此。你可以使用少量的天然甜味劑，比如蜂蜜來增加食物的甜味。過多的添加糖也與一些疾病有關(guān)。)”可知，本段主要講述的是在家做飯可以減少鹽和糖的使用。選項(xiàng)A“Youcanreduceaddedsaltandsugar.(你可以減少添加的鹽和糖。)”正是本段主要內(nèi)容。故選A。第二部分語言知識運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)Whentheweatherstartstowarmup,weloveheadingtothebeachforafewdays.Duringonesuchtrip,afterafewdaysofbeing____21____onthebeachandspendingtoomuchtimewalkingtheboardwalk,wedecidedtogofora____22____.We____23____acarforthedayanddrovetoKeyWest.Our____24____wastoenjoyascenicdriveonHighway1andmaybetrysomepieandheadback,buttheday____25____tobemorememorablethanthat.Itwasabreathtakingdriveandwekeptoureyesgluedtothewindow.Thescenerywas____26____andfeltlikeweweredrivingoverwater.WhenwewereclosertoKeyWest,____27____myhusband-stoppedthecar,grabbedhiscamera,andranoutlookingupatthesky—____28____melookingathimconfused(困惑的).Afterafewminutesoflookingandpointingatashinyobjectinthesky,hewaspretty____29____toannouncehe’dspottedaUFO.Ishould_____30_____herethathelovessci-fimoviesandUFOshowsandstrongly_____31_____wearenotalone.Weeventuallygotbackinthe_____32_____,stoppedatanearbystore,andaskedsomeoneintheparkinglot,“Doyouseethatshinythinginthesky?”Themanlookedupand_____33_____,“Doyoumeanthatweatherblimp(氣象飛艇)?”Theshinyobjectintheskywasnotanunidentifiedflyingobjectoraliencraftbutaweatherblimp.Itisoneoftheshortfunnytravel_____34_____thatalwayscomeupwhenwetalkaboutour_____35_____.Itstartswithoneofthekidssaying“RememberthetimewhenDadthoughthesawaUFO...?”andalwaysmakesuslaugh.21.A.lazy B.confident C.different D.angry22.A.walk B.challenge C.drive D.rest23.A.bought B.borrowed C.found D.fixed24.A.plan B.dream C.future D.game25.A.tookup B.movedon C.wentaway D.turnedout26.A.boring B.excellent C.normal D.bad27.A.suddenly B.quickly C.luckily D.carefully28.A.letting B.bringing C.leaving D.telling29.A.worried B.nervous C.sad D.excited30.A.decide B.promise C.mention D.agree31.A.believes B.understands C.guesses D.follows32.A.sun B.car C.hotel D.store33.A.replied B.remembered C.thought D.cheered34.A.books B.tips C.stories D.tests35.A.hopes B.ideas C.problems D.trips【語篇解讀】本文是記敘文。文章主要講述作者一家人在一次旅行中，她的丈夫看到了天空中一個閃亮的物體，就誤認(rèn)為那是UFO，而實(shí)際上是一艘氣象飛艇，并且這個趣事成為了作者一家人以后的談資?！敬鸢浮?1.A22.C23.B24.A25.D26.B27.A28.C29.D30.C31.A32.B33.A34.C35.D21．【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：在一次這樣的旅行中，在海灘上懶洋洋地呆了幾天，花了太多時間走木板路之后，我們決定開車去逛逛。A.lazy慵懶的；B.confident自信的；C.different不同的；D.angry生氣的。根據(jù)下文“onthebeachandspendingtoomuchtimewalkingtheboardwalk”可知，作者他們那幾天的生活是很慵懶的狀態(tài)。故選A。22．【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A.walk步行；B.challenge挑戰(zhàn)；C.drive開車；D.rest休息。根據(jù)下文“We_______acarforthedayanddrovetoKeyWest.”可知，作者他們開車出去玩了。故選C。23．【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我們這一天借了一輛車去基韋斯特。A.bought買；B.borrowed借；C.found發(fā)現(xiàn)；D.fixed固定。根據(jù)下文“fortheday”可知，作者他們只用了一天，所以這輛車應(yīng)該是借的。故選B。24．【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我們的計(jì)劃是在1號公路上享受風(fēng)景如畫的車程，也許可以吃點(diǎn)餡餅然后回去，但事實(shí)證明，這一天比這更令人難忘。A.plan計(jì)劃；B.dream夢想；C.future未來；D.game游戲。根據(jù)下文“buttheday________tobemorememorablethanthat”可知，實(shí)際上這一天的情況應(yīng)該是跟原來計(jì)劃的不一樣。故選A。25．【解析】考查動詞短語辨析。A.tookup占據(jù)；B.movedon繼續(xù)移動；C.wentaway走開；D.turnedout結(jié)果是。根據(jù)上文“but”可知，上下文是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，所以應(yīng)該是結(jié)果跟計(jì)劃的不一樣。故選D。26．【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：景色非常好，感覺就像我們在水上行駛。A.boring枯燥的；B.excellent極好的；C.normal正常的；D.bad壞的。根據(jù)下文“andfeltlikeweweredrivingoverwater”可知，景色應(yīng)該是很美的。故選B。27．【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我們離基韋斯特更近的時候，我丈夫突然停車，抓起相機(jī)，跑了出去，抬頭看向天空——這讓我看著他很困惑。A.suddenly突然；B.quickly快速地；C.luckily幸運(yùn)地；D.carefully細(xì)心地。根據(jù)下文“grabbedhiscamera,andranoutlookingupatthesky”可知，作者丈夫的行為是很匆忙的，所以應(yīng)該是突然停車。故選A。28．【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：見第7題詳解。A.letting使、讓；B.bringing帶來；C.leaving使處于……；D.telling告訴。根據(jù)下文“melookingathimconfused”可知，作者丈夫突然的行為使作者感到困惑，即：使作者處于一種疑惑的狀態(tài)之中。故選C。29．【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：在看了幾分鐘并指著天空中一個閃亮的物體后，他非常興奮地宣布他發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個不明飛行物。A.worried擔(dān)心的；B.nervous緊張的；C.sad傷心的；D.excited興奮的。根據(jù)下文“toannouncehe’dspottedaUFO”可知，作者的丈夫認(rèn)為他看到了不明飛行物，所以應(yīng)該是很激動興奮的。故選D。30．【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我應(yīng)該在這里提一下，他喜歡科幻電影和不明飛行物表演，并堅(jiān)信一定有外星生物。A.decide決定；B.promise承諾；C.mention提及；D.agree同意。根據(jù)下文“herethathelovessci-fimoviesandUFOshowsandstrongly________wearenotalone”可知，這是作者要告知一下他丈夫的情況。故選C。31．【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A.believes相信；B.understands理解；C.guesses猜測；D.follows跟隨。根據(jù)上文“helovessci-fimoviesandUFOshows”可知，作者的丈夫喜歡科幻電影和不明飛行物表演，所以他應(yīng)該是堅(jiān)信我們并不孤單，即：一定有外星生物。故選A。32．【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我們最終回到車?yán)铮Ｔ诟浇囊患疑痰?，問停車場里的人：“你看到天空中那個閃閃發(fā)光的東西了嗎？”A.sun太陽；B.car汽車；C.hotel賓館；D.store商店。根據(jù)上文“Weeventuallygotbackin”可知，這里應(yīng)該是指作者他們回到了車上。故選B。33．【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：那個人抬起頭來回答：“你是說那個氣象飛艇嗎？”A.replied回應(yīng)；B.remembered記得；C.thought認(rèn)為；D.cheered歡呼。根據(jù)下文“Doyoumeanthatweatherblimp(氣象飛艇)?”可知，這是那個人的回答。故選A。34．【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我們談?wù)撐覀兊穆眯袝r，這是一個有趣的短篇旅行故事。A.books書；B.tips建議；C.stories故事；D.tests測試。根據(jù)下文“Itstartswithoneofthekidssaying“RememberthetimewhenDadthoughthesawaUFO...?”andalwaysmakesuslaugh.”可知，作者一家人把這次旅行當(dāng)成故事來講了。故選C。35．【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A.hopes希望；B.ideas想法；C.problems問題；D.trips旅行。根據(jù)下文“Itstartswithoneofthekidssaying“RememberthetimewhenDadthoughthesawaUFO...?”andalwaysmakesuslaugh.”可知，作者一家人后來在每一次討論旅行的時候，都會提到這次的事情。故選D。第Ⅱ卷(非選擇題)第二節(jié)(共10小題，每小題1.5分，滿分15分)閱讀下列材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。InAD79,theancientRomancityofPompeii,insouthernItaly,___36___(destroy)byavolcaniceruptionthatburiedmanyofitsbuildings.Archaeologistshavebeenobservingitforalmost300yearsbutnowtheyhaveanewtool—virtualreality(VR)—forunderstanding____37____Pompeiimightoncehavelookedlike.Researchers,DaniloCampanaroandGiacomoLandeschi,fromLundUniversityinSweden,useddatathatwerecollectedbydronestocreate____38____3Dcomputerreconstructionofoneofitsmostamazingbuildings,then____39____(feed)thereconstructionintoavideogamesystemwhereaVRmodelismade.Theideaisnotjusttorecreatethebuildings____40____tounderstandabitmoreabouthowRomanpeoplemighthaveexperiencedthem.CampanaroandLandeschiasked____41____(volunteer)totakeavirtualtourofthehouseinbothsummerandwinterlight.Theresearchersusedspecialeye-trackingtechnologytorecord____42____(exact)whichareaspeoplelookedatandforhowlong.Fromthis,theteamconcludedthatthebuildingusedcleverdesigns____43____(draw)attentiontotheveryobjects____44____showedoffthewealthandstatusofitsowner—perhapsamancalledLuciusValeniusFlaccus,whoseringwasfound____45____theruins.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了考古學(xué)家